• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2010

This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching or studying programs, and thus to overcome the selectionbias in studies. Selection-bias derived from unobservable characteristics in the course of participants selection of the teaching or studying programs, in the case of cross-section data instrumental variable(IV) method and two stage least square estimation were suggested as an analysis tool. Panel data were analyzed by using both fixed effect in which individual effects are captured by intercept terms and random effect estimation where an unobserved effect can be characterized as being randomly drawn from a given distribution.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1998

The study was designed to investigate implicit and explicit memory effec representations of bilinguals. Hierarchical model of bilingual information processing word naming and translation tasks in the context of semantically categorized or rar Experiments 1 and 2, bilinguals first viewed stimulus words and performed naming or tr then implicit and explicit memory tasks. In experiment I, word recognition times(exp were significantly faster for semantic category condition than random category condi naming task and lexical decision taskOmplicit memory task)showed no difference in e experiment 2, naming task and exlicit memory task showed categorization effect but fOWE a and implcit memory task showed no categorization effect. These findings support the which posits that memory representations of bilinguals are composed of two independer a and one common conceptual store.