• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2008

Germplasm characterization and evolutionary process in viable populations are important links between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Here, an investigation is made, based on molecular and biochemical techniques for assessing and exploiting the genetic variability in germplasm characterization of taro, which would be useful in plant breeding and ex situ conservation of taro plant genetic resources. Geographical differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of Indian taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isozyme of seven enzyme systems with specific reference to the Muktakeshi accession, which has been to be proved resistant to taro leaf blight caused by P. colocasiae. The significant differentiations in Indian taro cultivars were clearly demonstrated by RAPD and isozyme analysis. RAPD markers showed higher values for genetic differentiation among taro cultivars and lower coefficient of variation than those obtained from isozymes. Genetic differentiation was evident in the taro accessions collected from different regions of India. It appears that when taro cultivation was introduced to a new area, only a small fraction of genetic variability in heterogeneous taro populations was transferred, possibly causing random differentiation among locally adapted taro populations. The selected primers will be useful for future genetic analysis and provide taro breeders with a genetic basis for selection of parents for crop improvement. Polymorphic markers identified in the DNA fingerprinting study will be useful for screening a segregating population, which is being generated in our laboratory aimed at developing a taro genetic linkage map.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2014

A sex-linked random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker was identified from Asparagus officinalis L. and was converted into a sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) marker for the large-scale screening of male and female plants. A total of 100 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used for the RAPD analysis. Among them, the primer UBC347 amplified one female-specific 400 base pair DNA. Subsequently, the amplified RAPD fragment was cloned and sequenced. The fragment was abundant in AT and shared sequence homology with retrotransposon elements. On the basis of the sequence obtained, a pair of SCAR primer was designed. The amplification product, named F400, was the same size as the respective RAPD fragment from which it was derived. The F400 SCAR marker resulted to be female-specific in the three asparagus varieties tested in this study. This SCAR marker can be used for an early and rapid identification of female and male plants during breeding programs of asparagus.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.162-169
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• 2011

The rhizomes and herbal medicines originating from Acorus gramineus, A. calamus, A. tatarinowii, and A. gramineus var. pusilus, show significant similarity, and the correct identification of species is very difficult. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) were used to develop a reliable method for identification of these four species. Several distinct SCAR markers were developed from species-specific RAPD amplicons for each species. Furthermore, a useful molecular marker was established for multiplex-PCR, in order to the four species could be distinguished concurrently. These markers allow efficient and rapid identification of closely-related Acorus species and will be useful for standardization of herbal medicines.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

The common split-gilled mushroom, Schizophyllum commune is found throughout the world on woody plants. This study was initiated to evaluate conditions for favorable vegetative growth and to determine molecular phylogenetic relationship in twelve different strains of S. commune. A suitable temperature for mycelial growth was obtained at $30^{\circ}C$. This mushroom grew well in acidic conditions and pH 5 was the most favorable. Hamada, glucose peptone, Hennerberg, potato dextrose agar and yeast malt extract were favorable media for growing mycelia, while Lilly and glucose tryptone were unfavorable. Dextrin was the best and lactose was the less effective carbon source. The most suitable nitrogen sources were calcium nitrate, glycine, and potassium nitrate, whereas ammonium phosphate and histidine were the least effective for the mycelial growth of S. commune. The genetic diversity of each strain was investigated in order to identify them. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were amplified using PCR. The size of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rDNA from the different strains varied from 129 to 143 bp and 241 to 243 bp, respectively. The sequence of ITS1 was more variable than that of ITS2, while the 5.8S sequences were identical. A phylogenetic tree of the ITS region sequences indicated that the selected strains were classified into three clusters. The reciprocal homologies of the ITS region sequences ranged from 99 to 100%. The strains were also analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 20 arbitrary primers. Twelve primers efficiently amplified the genomic DNA. The number of amplified bands varied depending on the primers used or the strains tested. The average number of polymorphic bands observed per primer was 4.5. The size of polymorphic fragments was obtained in the range of 0.2 to 2.3 kb. These results indicate that the RAPD technique is well suited for detecting the genetic diversity in the S. commune strains tested.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1996

DNA polymorphisms were analyzed for 8 clones of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). The insect has different host preferences and was even classified into two different species, M. persicae Sulzer and Myzus nicotinae Blackman by their morphological characters, but this point is still in arguement. To identify the differences between two types of the green peach aphid by RAPD-PCR, the template DNA was extracted from 4 clones each of tobacco-feeding and non-tobacco-feeding forms and one hundred primers of 10-nucleotideslong were tested in PCR. The amplified DNAs were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Eighty-three primers gave amplified DNA fragments with 1 to 22 in number and 500 to 20,000 base pairs in length, but no amplification was observed in the other 17 primers. The average number of fragment per each amplification was about 13. In the case of 82 out of 83 random primers, band patterns of amplified DNA were identical among 8 clones, even though some differences were noticed in the intensity of specific bands. Polymorphism was detected by only one primer within the tobacco-feeding forms, but not between the two host types. The results did not detect any relationship between RAPD polymorphism and their host preference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.172-174
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• 2002

Out of 20 primers, 6 generated a total of 1,11 major and minor RAPD bands, producing approximately 4.2 average polymorphic bands pe primer in shortnecked clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) population from Anmyeondo. The bandsharing value altered form 0.15 to 0.74, with the average of 0.5, as calculated by bandsharing analysis. The RAPD profiles obtained with DNAs of two populations from Anmyeondo and Seocheon, respectively, were considerably different (0.20 and 0.51, respectively). The varying degrees of difference among populations may also be of relevance to the retricted hybridization of wild bivalve. Besides gene mapping and breeding applications, PCR-RAPD system could be very useful for the rapid certification and quality control of seed production and for every projects based on PCR amplification of specific bivalve DNA fragments.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the difference and genetic similarity at the level of molecular genetics. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood of Holstein, Korean cattle, Charolais, and hybrid between Korean cattle and charolais and RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNAs) was analyzed by PCR(polymerase chain reaction). After genetic similarity value from different breeds are analyzed, genetic similarity was estimated by UPGMA(unweighted pair-group method using average). The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: 1. When genomic DNA which was extracted from different breeds was subjected to electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel, bigger than 12.2kb was appeared. Ratio by absorbance of $A_{260}/A_{280}$ was 1.75~2.10, indicating that genomic DNA was quite pure for RAPD analysis. 2. Different band patterns by RAPD were appeared according to the breeds in cattle. The best primer used to distinguish Holstein from other breeds was 5'-GAC CGC TTG T-3'. 3. A 340bp fragment was amplified in $33.0^{\circ}C$ of annealing temperature for the Holstein and Charolais breeds, but any amplification was not occurred in this annealing temperature for Korean cattle and hybrid. In addition, a 340bp fragment was amplified in $37.5^{\circ}C$ of annealing temperature for the Holstein and Korean cattle, but any amplification was not occurred in this annealing temperature for Charolais and hybrid. For the reaction of PCR. $37.5^{\circ}C$ and $33.0^{\circ}C$ of annealing temperature was shown to be best for genetic marker identification from Holstein, Charolais, and hybrid between Korean cattle and Charolais. 4. When genetic similarity from different breeds are analyzed at the both temperature of $33.0^{\circ}C$ and $37.5^{\circ}C$, the genetic similarity value of Holstein and Korean cattle, Holstein and Charolais, Korean cattle and Charolais, and Korean cattle and hybrid were 0.666~0.777, 0.615~0.666, 0.400~0.461 and 0.857~0.888, respectively. 5. It could be concluded that different breeds are capable of distinguishing by RAPD used random primer 5'-GAC CGC TTG T-3', genetic similarity from different breeds was appeared the higher genetic similarity value of Korean cattle and Charolais than that of Holstein between Korean cattle and Charolais by UPGMA.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2001

Genetic diversity of 21 Korean Phytophthora capsici isolates was analyzed by using several molecular markers such as random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD), M-13, microsatellite and random amplified microsatellite sequences(RAMS). The overall average similarity coefficient among the isolates was 86% based on the combined data obtained by the molecular markers. No molecular markers were found to be associated with hosts or geographic regions. In addition to RAPD, analysis based on repeated sequences such as $(GTG)_5$, M-13 and RAMS could be used to assess population structure of P. capsici.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.313-323
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• 2020

To investigate the morphological characteristics and genetic relationships among isolate of the artificially cultivated mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus, 111 isolates were collected from Korea and other countries. Random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and ITS rDNA sequencing were used to confirm the genetic relationships among the collected H. marmoreus isolates. As a result of RAPD analysis using universal rice primer (URP)-PCR, all isolates of H. marmoreus clustered into three groups, which showed high sequence similarity (>90%). In addition, isolates with morphological and geographical differences formed independent clusters. However, it was impossible to distinguish between brown and white strains. Sixteen strains showing morphological and geographic differences were selected, and their ITS region sequences (640 bp) were aligned and compared. The ITS region sequences belonging to these isolates showed 94.8-99.1% similarities to those of publicly available H. marmoreus strains in GenBank. In conclusion, there were differences among isolates in terms of morphology and the area from which they were collected, but all the isolates used in the experiment were classified as H. marmoreus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-16
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• 1999

Genetic variability was monitored by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) in dicofol-susceptible (S), dicofol-resistant (R) and its reverse-selected (RS) strains of two-spotted spider mite, of Tetranychus urticae. Before the reverse-selection, RS strain, selected reversely from R strain, was 23-fold resistance ratio at {TEX}$LC_{50}${/TEX} to S strain. The resistance was started to in incline slowly to the resistance level of S strain after one year, and the resistance ratio was 4-fold in the 7 years after then. PCR-amplification of T. urticae DNA showed polymorphism in the amplifications with 12 primers in 100 kinds of arbitrary DNA sequences. RAPD amplification with primer OPR-12 (5`-ACAGGTGCGT-3`) showed amplified bands at 1,000 base pair in the S-and RS-strain, and at 350 base pair in R-strain. The results of polymorphism are genetic variabilities derived from development and selection of resistance in each strain. The peculiarly amplified fragments were guessed to participate in dicofol resistance. From the analysis of genetic similarity, it is inferred the gene composition of S-and RS-strain is much closer than that of R-strain.