• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.492-496
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• 1990

To utilize narrow space of vinyl house for rice seedling raising in three dimensions and raise infant seedling in large quantilies at once, shelves were constructed with few stories in inside of vinyl house and seedlings were raised by use of the shelve. Seedling characters, rice growth status on paddy field and rice grain yield were tested and the following results were obtained. Rice seedling raising was practicable to 10 days after sowing in the interval of 20cm height and 12 days, 30cm height on the shelve for seedling raising. Seedling characters, rice growth status on paddy field and rice grain yield were not varied according to the seedling raising height of the shelve. Seedling characters were not different according to irrigation intervals in raising box of rice seedling.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.685-691
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• 2021

This study aimed to find a suitable size and a seedling raising stage for growing cuttings of Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald and Gold' using plug trays. The experimental method, involved cutting two nodes from a solitary branch of E. fortunei 'Emerald and Gold', and the use of 32 (143 mL/cell), 50 (70 mL/cell), 105 (18 mL/cell), 200 (13 mL/cell) plug trays. The cuttings were transplanted to trays after they were filled with a universal horticultural medium. To compare the growths, plant heights, the numbers of leaves, longest root lengths, thickness/radius ratios, dry weights, and fresh weights were measured from July to October, and statistical analyses were performed using both the two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-test. The results confirmed that the size of the plug tray and the seedling raising stage had a significant effect on the growth of E. fortunei 'Emerald and Gold.' In addition, the overall growth was high and the change in growth was relatively rapid in districts 50 and 105. Therefore, it can be considered appropriate to use 50 and 105 trays when growing cuttings of E. fortunei 'Emerald and Gold' on plug trays.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.205-208
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop a technology for raising rice hydroponically seedlings using the bed in which the seedlings grew in nutrient solution without soil. In Hydroponic rice seedlings, two nutrient solutions (Yashida and Wonsi) were evaluated with four supplying methods $[$3 times (2 days, 8 days and 12 days after seeding), 2 times (5 days and 10 days after seeding), and 1 time (5 days and 10 days after seeding)$]$1, Seedling growth was not different between the two solutions. However, tensile strength of root-mat was higher in Yoshida solution than in Wonsi solution. The more frequent supply of solution resulted in the better seedling growth but in the weaker root mat. Utilization efficiency of the solution minerals was not different in N content regardless of supplying frequencies, but higher in r, K, Ca and Mg when supplied only once on the 5 days after seeding.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the seedling qualities and growth of paprika according to various irrigation points (IPs) (30, 40, 50, 60 or 70%) compared to the weight of rockwool cube with 100% water content for raising seedlings of paprika. Growth degree of paprika seedlings was positively correlate with various irrigation points. In particular, paprika seedlings with IP 30-40% and IP 50-70% treatments were significantly higher than those with other treatments. Leaf area of seedlings was 50-100% wider in those with IP 50% and IP 40% treatments than those with other treatments, therefore dry weight was heavier in IP 30-60% treatments. The dry weight of more than IP 50% treatments had no significant differences. Leaf area (Y₁) had a significant relation with the irrigation point (x) as Y₁ = 48.311x + 133.7 (R² = 0.9116^⁎⁎). Also dry weight (Y₂) of the seedlings showed a linear regression equation as Y₂ = 0.1584x + 0.8616 (R² = 0.8853^⁎). Considering the leaf area and the dry weight of irrigation points for rising seedlings of paprika in this study, the optimum range of the irrigation points in the water contents of rockwool cube is IP 50%.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.24
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• pp.23-27
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• 2006

Seedling characteristics of rice on nursery covered with different weight of polypropylene spunbonded fabric(PSF) were investigated to determine the optimum thickness of PSF for raising of healthy rice seedlings. Four different thickness of PSF 40, 60, 80 and $100g/m^2$ were used in the seedling nursery with a conventional polyethylene(PE) film. PSF and PE were taken off in 20 days after sowing(DAS) on April and in 10 DAS on June. Plant height of 20- and 30- day old seedlings in PSF covering nursery was slightly taller as the increase of PSF thickness from $40g/m^2$ to $100g/m^2$, but number of leaves and shoot dry-weight of the seedlings was reduced. Root solidity of seedlings grown in lighter PSF ($40{\sim}60g/m^2$) covering nursery was more favorable than that in relatively heavier PSF($80{\sim}100g/m^2$). The optimum thickness of PSF for the raising of healthy seedlings was $40{\sim}60g/m^2$ PSF at sowing on April 20 and April 30 for single cropping, and $40g/m^2$ PSF on June for double cropping based on the growth characteristics of seedlings investigated at seedling nursery covered with different thickness of PSF.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.144-151
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• 2016

With an aging population in rural areas, farm owners in South Korea are also aging. In particular, this phenomenon leads to the lack of human resources in rural areas and agriculture, worsening the deterioration of the rural economy. This study aimed, firstly, to analyze the criticality of the lack of human resources and high production cost issues for farmers, before using the farm as cooperative nursery of rice seedlings. Secondly, the study analyzed farmer satisfaction after using the farm cooperative. Analysis results are as follows. The motives of the research subjects for using the co-nursery were the aging of the farming population, the expected reduction of production costs, and farmers' failure in raising seedlings. Importance-performance analysis measured the importance for the farms for cooperative raising of rice seedling at 3.49 and the performance for the farms at 3.41, with a difference of 0.07 between them. The four importance-performance matrix areas, used were as follows: concentrated efforts required (Quadrant I: concentrate here), continuous maintenance (Quadrant II: keep up the good work), gradual improvement (Quadrant III: low priority), and avoiding excessive efforts (Quadrant IV: possible overkill). Based on the results, it was concluded that improvements and efforts would be necessary for each of these areas. And, there is a need to improve services through the initiation of farmer use of this rice co-nursery.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was carried out to determine the optimum sowing date and days after sowing (DAS) in automatic facility located at Uiseong of Gyeoungbuk province. The seedling height was rapidly increased with a delay of sowing time from April to May. The 10-day old seedlings with suitable plant height (> l0cm) for machine transplanting in the facility were obtained when the seeds sowed after May 20 at Uiseong in Gyeoungbuk province. The dry weight-height ratio of 10-day old seedlings was significantly decreased when the seeds sowed after June 20, and 15-days old seedlings did after May 10. No. of panicles/hill was reduced with increasing of days after seeding. But there were no significant difference among other yield components such as no. of grains/panicle, ratio of ripened grains, and 1,000 grain weight. The highest grain yield, 748kg/10a, was attained from the 10-day old seedlings transplanted at May 27 in comparision with those of 15-day and 20-day old seedlings. The grain yield of 10-day old seedlings transplanted at June 26 was also higher than that of 15-day old seedlings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2019

Abstract. This research was conducted to figure out the optimal size of the plug cell and seedling raising period in 'Nongwoo' and 'Nonghyeop' cultivars. In the first experiment on effect of plug cell size on growth of squash, seedlings were transplanted into hydroponic cultivation beds at different growing stages: Those in 32-cell trays with 3-4 true leaves at 25 days after sowing, those in 50-cell trays with 2 true leaves at 15 days after sowing, those in 105-cell trays just before a true leaf development, and those in 162-cell trays with only cotyledons at 8 days after sowing. In the second experiment on effect of seedling raising period on growth of squash, it was conducted to have different sowing dates. But the same transplanting date, based on the results of Experiment 1, and compared the differences in growth and fruit productivity as affected by plug cell size in the same way with experiment 1 including the cultivars and environmental conditions. After setting the transplanting date in advance, the number of days for sowing were calculated back for each treatment. In the first experiment, plant height was the greatest in 105-cell trays followed by 162, 50 and 32-cell trays in both cultivars. The best fruit quality was found in different treatments depending on the cultivars, although it was the lowest in 32-cell trays in both cultivars. The fruit quality was not significantly different among those from cell sizes. Therefore, when raising seedlings in 105-cell trays, the period of raising seedlings can be shortened as compared with the conventional 32-cell trays, and this change could reduce the workforce required for growing and transplanting seedlings. In the second experiment, after transplanting, shoot height and leaf width in the first measurement in both cultivars were greater in the 32-cell treatment. However, the last measurement after four weeks showed no significant difference in plant height, but significantly greatest leaf width in the smallest cell treatment, even as compared with that in 32-cell treatment. In case of 'Nongwoo', length and weight of the first harvested fruit showed the highest values in the treatment of 105-cell trays. In case of 'Nonghyeop' the 162-cell treatment along with the 105-cell treatment showed greatest length and weight of the first fruits. From these results, zucchini plug seedlings can be raised in plug trays with reduced cell sizes than the conventional 32-cell trays with improved fruit productivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.336-336
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• 2017

High mortality and slow growth of seedling generally occurred in tray due to cold, foggy weather and severe seedling blight. Mechanical transplanting is hampered, farmers having economic loss. A sustainable method for raising mat type seedling is necessary. Experiments were conducted on disease control and seedling growth in dry seasons. Fungicides treated/untreated seeds were sown 120-130g in each tray containing pulverized fine grain loam/sandy loam soils. Seed covered with a thin layer of soil and irrigated. It was polythene covered (PC) for 72h and then every night along with 2/3 sprinkler irrigation (SI) per day. Untreated seedlings infected 53-93%. Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin and Azoxystrobin+Difeconazole treated seeds/sprayed (72h) seedlings had no disease. Seedling height was 11.7-13.2 cm with compact and thick root mat at 25 days. Seeds treated at 0.2-0.3% (18-20h) showed no disease but severely in untreated seeds in all locations. Seedling height (13.8 cm), leaf age (3.7) and root number (8.5) were better when NPK were applied at 3-4-3 g/tray. Spraying of urea (1%) in addition with MOP, theovit and $ZnSo_4$ at 0.6-0.6-0.2% on 7 and $15^{th}$ days was also effective. PC showed significant growth (29.1-34.5%). Root mat was not good in flooded irrigation (FI). Disease was higher in SI (66.7-97.3%) than FI (0.7-3.7%) in untreated seeds regardless of polythene use. The protocol would be effective for raising mat type seedling in cold environment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 1992

Recently, a nursery mat made from rock wool has realized transplanting of the younger seedlings with the ordinary transplanting machines for Chibyo and Chubyo(3 and 4～5 leaved seedling, respectively). The seedlings defined as the 'Nyubyo' or 'Nursling seedlings' became possible to achieve economic profits from the reduction in both working time and costs. It being widely noticed as a strategy to solve the difficulties in current rice cultivation. The nursling seedlings are 1.4 to 2.5 leaves and height at 4.5 to 7cm, grown 4 to 7 days after seeding. They maintain still up to 50 to 80% of their nutrients in the endosperm, and can grow by using only their own nutrients for a certain period of time after transplanting. Nursling seedlings take 2 days in the nursery chamber at 32$^{\circ}C$ after seeding, and 2 days in the greening house at $25^{\circ}C$. This is only 4 days, all together, to make the nursling seedlings of 1.5 leaves which are ready for transplanting. Watering is only needed once at the sowing time. It only takes 1 or 2 waterings even to raise a seedlings for a period of 7 days. The number of nursery boxes can be reduced because it is possible to sow more densely(220 to 240g per box), thus it only needs seedlings of 15 to 16 boxes per 10 a which leads to a reduction in facilities and space needed. Temperature during the nursery period can be artificially adjusted more precisely which may lead to the prevention of temperature stress. The nursling seedlings can root rapid by because the crown roots from the coleoptile node begin to emerge immediately after transplanting. They show strong resistance to low temperature (12$^{\circ}C$) and deep-planting. There is no danger in the rooting of the seedlings even if half of their height is buried into the soil. Moreover, it can root at a rate of up to 65 to 80% even if the full height of the seedlings is buried. They show also strong resistance to submergence (10～15cm). The nursling seedlings tend to grow by producing tillers from lower nodes. It is therefore, necessary to control to keep the proper numbers of tillers per unit area. They have no fear in the delay of heading and their yield components can be so well balanced that the same level of yield was achieved with the nursling seedlings compared to that with Chibyo. It was further suggested that if the surplus tillers can be avoided by such cultivation practices, the number of grain per panicle can be kept greater and higher yield can be realized. Practical experiments with the nursling seedlings conducted in 1989 and 1990 by farmers in various areas showed exciting results. The nursling seedlings will become widely spread, or at least occupy an important position in Japanese and also in Korean rice cultivation techniques.tivation techniques.