• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.186-196
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• 2018

Junior colleges are higher education institutions that have played a major role in the economic development of Korea by providing the necessary human resources for its industrial development. Recently, however, they have experienced difficulties due to the reduction in the number of students. Therefore, it is time for junior colleges as a representative higher vocational education institution to change their role in this rapidly changing environment, and adopt a survival strategy through mutual cooperation and competition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current state of the national health universities, to investigate the policy changes adopted by colleges and universities, and to utilize the results as data. This study analyzed the current status of health science colleges nationwide and investigated the policy changes as well as the directions presented to the colleges, in order to use the results as the basic data to promote the diversification of the class periods and degree programs. This study surveyed 636 professors from health sciences departments and industry workers from May 1 to May 30, 2017. 70.7% of the respondents supported the transition of the existing three-year systems of the health science departments to four-year systems. The reason for this is that it is possible to strengthen the field practice and personality education of the students by having a sufficient number of class periods, and to provide them with an equal educational background. The most anticipated effect of the transition to a four-year system is to improve the social status of medical personnel and to improve the educational environment of the colleges/universities. Moreover, the universities, associations of medical personnel and Ministry of Education are expected to play a leading role in the transition to the four-year system. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that a more systematic and advanced vocational education system for the training of professional healthcare workers is needed in the upcoming fourth Industrial Revolution era. Also, this transition is expected to actively foster the education of advanced health care workers thanks to the diversification of the degree programs through the adjustment of the class periods which can be completed by general university (4-year) graduates.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2013

Purpose: To compare of the results between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction alone and combined with high tibial osteotomy for ACL ruptured knees with varus alignment. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 8 cases of ACL reconstruction combined with high tibial osteotomy (Group I) and 13 cases of ACL reconstruction alone (Group II) for varus angulated ACL ruptured knees (from March 2005 to February 2007). Mean age were 34.1 years (range: 20-53) in Group I, 34.9 years (range: 21-50) in Group II. Average follow up period were 22.6 months (range: 12-35) in Group I, 20 months (range: 13-33) in Group II. We analyzed clinical and radiological results. Results: There were no significant differences in clinical and radiologic results between two groups for IKDC scores, Lysholm knee scores, Lachman test, pivot shift test, KT-2000 arthrometer, $30^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ anterior drawer stress radiographs. Tegner activity scales and Cincinnati knee ligament rating scales were 4.9, 57.9 in Group I, and 5.6, 72.9 in Group II. Group I was statistically lower than Group II for Tegner activity scales and Cincinnati knee ligament rating scales (p<0.05). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in daily living between ACL reconstruction alone and combined with high tibial ostetomy for varus angulated ACL ruptured knees. However, ACL reconstruction combined with high tibial osteotomy could limit sport activity ability.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

Purpose: Mecnoium obstruction in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI), which delays enteral feeding and is one of the major causes of bowel obstruction, can be diagnosed and treated with hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast enema. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical findings of meconium obstruction, the improvement of small bowel obstruction after contrast enema, and the complications related to the enema. Methods: Hypersolmolar water-soluble contrast enemas were performed in 14 VLBWIs with meconium obstruction. Clinical findings, radiologic findings, feeding intolerance, effectiveness, and complications of enemas were observed. Also, clinical findings related to meconium obstruction were compared with 18 VLBWIs without meconium obstruction. Results: 1) Fourteen VLBWIs with meconium obstruction had significantly lower 5 minutes Apgar scores than 18 VLBWIs without meconium obstruction (p<0.05). Moreover, the day of last meconium passing, and the day of the first trial and full enteral feeding were delayed significantly. 2) A total of 18 enemas were performed in the 14 infants. The contrast medium passed the ileocecal valve and reached the terminal ileus in 12 enemas. Of the 12 enemas, 11 were successful, but 1 infant underwent an ileotomy, even though the contrast medium reached the terminal ileum. 3) Intestinal obstruction was not relieved in three of five infants, in whom the contrast medium failed to pass the ileocecal valve. Obstruction was relieved after repeated enemas in which the contrast medium reached the terminal ileum. 4) No complications associated with water-soluble contrast enemas were observed. Conclusion: Hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast enema is considered to be safe and therapeutic for meconium obstruction in VLBWIs.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Purpose : Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is the most common disease during the infantile period, therefore early diagnosis and treatment are important. Pyuria is a useful clinical parameter for the initial diagnosis of a UTI. In this study we aimed to compare the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings in relation to the duration of pyuria in infants with UTIs. Methods : Three hundred seventy-four infants <12 months of age who were admitted between January 1995 and December 2005 for the first episode of a febrile UTI were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of pyuria as follows: group 1, pyuria resolved <3 days after initial treatment; and group 2, pyuria lasted at least 3 days after initial treatment. Results : There were no significant differences between the two groups in relation to gender, age, total duration of fever, and organisms in the urine. Group 2 had a significantly higher peripheral blood leukocyte count ($14,360.86{\pm}5,526.16cells/mm^3$ vs. $11,822.55{\pm}5,687.26cells/mm^3$, P <0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate ($32.81{\pm}19.34mm/hr$ vs. $23.74{\pm}20.43mm/hr$, P <0.001), and C-reactive protein ($6.84{\pm}5.68mg/dL$ vs. $3.78{\pm}3.99mg/dL$, P <0.001) than group 1. There was a significantly higher incidence of hydronephrosis and a higher grade of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in group 2 compared to group 1. Conclusion : In infants with UTI, pyuria of longer duration is related to severe UTI and higher grade VUR, therefore aggressive radiologic studies may be necessary.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.432-440
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• 2000

Background : The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly is increasing in Korea and in the developed countries due to the increased elderly population and their predispositions to chronic disease, poverty and decreased immunity. To define the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly, we evaluated the clinical spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis. Method : We analyzed 92 patients retrospectively that were diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis over the age of 65. The analysis involved patient's profiles, clinical manifestations, coexisting diseases, diagnostic methods, anti-TB medications and their side effects, and treatment outcomes. Results : The results were as follows : - 1) The ratio of male to female was 2.1:1(62:30 cases) 2) Chief complaints were a cough (47.8%), dyspnea (40.2%), sputum (38.0%), chest pain (12.0%), anorexia (10.9%), and fever (9.8%). 3) 38 (41.3%) of cases had a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis. 4) The coexisting diseases were : -COPD, 25 cases (27.2%); pneumonia, 17 cases (18.5%); DM. 13 cases (14.1%); and malignancy, 10 cases (10.9%). 5) The positivity of Mantoux test (5 TU, PPD-S) was 82.7%. 6) Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed using the following methods : sputum AFB (Acid Fast Bacillus) smear 42.4%, sputum TB (M. Tuberculosis) culture 15.2%, sputum TB PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) 10.9%, bronchial washing AFB smear 2.1%, chest radiology only 25.0%. 7) Locations of radiologic lesions were RULF, 50 cases; RLLF, 50 cases, mostly, then LLLF ; 26 cases were leastly involved. 8) The coexisting tuberculosis were endobronchial TB(8.7%), TB pleurisy(7.6%) miliary TB(5.4%), intestinal TB(2.2%), renal TB(1.1%) 9) The proportion of treatment regimen with 1st line drug and 2nd line drug were 92.3% and 7.6%, respectively. 10) The outcome of treatment were as follows : cured 31.5%, expired 13.0%, no return 47.8%, follow-up now 7.6%. Conclusion : The pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly has atypical patterns with chronic coexisting diseases. Therefore, the possibility of pulmonary tuberculosis should be considered in elderly patients with pulmonary symptoms.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2017

Two single crystals of fully dehydrated $Cd^{2+}$-exchanged zeolites Y were prepared by the exchange of ${\mid}Na_{75}{\mid}[Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}]-FAU$ ($Na_{75}-Y$, Si/Al = 1.56) with aqueous $0.05M\;Cd(NO_3)_2$ (pH = 3.65) at 294 K, followed by vacuum dehydration at 723 K (crystal 1) and a second crystal, similarly prepared, was exposed to zeolitically dried benzene for 72 hours at 294 K and evacuated (crystal 2). Their structures were determined crystallographically using synchrotron X-rays and were refined to the final error indices using $F_o$>$4{\sigma}(F_o)$ of $R_1/wR_2=0.040/0.121$ and 0.052/0.168, respectively. In crystal $1({\mid}Cd_{36}H_3{\mid}[Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}]-FAU)$, $Cd^{2+}$ ions primarily occupy sites I and II, with additional $Cd^{2+}$ ions at sites I', II', and a second site II. In crystal $2({\mid}Cd_{35}(C_6H_6)_{24}H_5{\mid}[Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}]-FAU)$, $Cd^{2+}$ ions occupy five crystallographic sites. The 24 benzene molecules are found at two distinct positions within the supercages. The 17 benzene molecules are found on the 3-fold axes in the supercages where each interacts facially with one of site IIa $Cd^{2+}$ ions. The remaining 7 benzene molecules lie on the planes of the 12-rings where each is stabilized by multiple weak electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with framework oxygens.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

Purpose: This is for the purpose to help the bill related to technologists be systematic and unitary by carefully analyzing a legislation, an enforcement ordinance, and enforcement regulations in the connection with the radiological worker and the radiation workers from the law and regulations related to technologists. Materials and Methods: Concerning technologists, a legislation, an enforcement ordinance, and enforcement regulations for a sort of medical technician, regarding the radiological worker, the rules of diagnosis radiation equipment safety management, and concerning the radiation workers, atomic energy law, an enforcement ordinance and enforcement regulations were gathered, compared with one another, and analyzed. Results: Among technologists, in the case of working in the department of diagnosis radiation, the title 'Radiological Worker' is used by the Medical Service Law, and in the case of working in the department of radiation tumors or the one of nucleus medicine, the title 'Radiation Workers' is used by the Atomic Energy Law. Conclusion: Besides the technical term that is used by characteristic tasks, unification of the terms that can be used in common is necessary for sure. And when a legislation, an enforcement ordinance, enforcement regulations, and notification, things like that in the radiation field are amended, certainly they should be done by mutual agreement through negotiation between the organization related to radiation and the governmental organization.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the detector dependency in the various collimator size for Stereotactic Radiosugery (SRS). Materials and Methods: This study was performed with 6 MV photon beam (Varian 21EX, Varian, US) and the measurement detectors are used by ion chamber CC01, CC13 (Wellhofer, Germany) and stereotactic diode detector (SFD, Wellhofer, Germany). SRS collimator size was used by ${\varphi}$5, 10, 20, 30 mm (Brain Lab, Germany). Percentage depth dose (PDD) was measured at SSD 100 cm and field size 10×10 cm from individual detectors. Ouput factor was measured by using same setup of PDD and with maximum dose depth. Data was normalized at field size $10{\times}10\;cm$. Beam profile was measured at SSD 100 cm in SRS collimator ${\varphi}$10, 30 mm and field $10{\times}10\;cm$ and a comparison of FWHM (full width half maximum), penumbra width (20~80%). Results: The CC13 detector was overestimated 16% than other detectors from the PDD in the 5 mm collimator. Output factors were underestimated CC01 28%, CC13 72% in the 5 mm collimator and CC01 9.6%, CC13 25% in the 10 mm collimator than the SFD. Maximum difference was 3% at the FWHM of the dose profile in the 10 mm collimator and difference of the 30 mm collimator was 0% at the FWHM. Penumbra width was increased CC01 122%, CC13 194% in the 10 mm collimator and CC01 68%, CC13 185% in the 30 mm collimator than the SFD. Conclusion: It is very important for accurate dosimetry to select a detector in small field. The SFD was considered with the most accurate dosimeter for small collimator dosimetry in this study.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes and the prognosis of various surgical treatments for the distal clavicle fracture with an acromioclavicular joint injury. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 21 patients with a minimum of 12 months follow up was done. We classified acromioclavicular (AC) injury into type I (only intra-articular fracture (IAF), 5 cases), type II (IAF with widening of the AC joint > 7 mm, 9 cases) and type III (IAF with AC joint superior subluxation > 50%, 7 cases). The distal clavicle fractures were fixed using plate (9 cases), mini screws (1 case), K wire and tension band wiring (10 cases) and transarticular pinning (1 case). Acromioclavicular or coracoacromial ligament reconstruction was not done in all the cases. Results: In 20 of 21 cases, bone union was achieved at an average of 8.4 weeks. Traumatic arthritis (5 cases), AC joint widening (4 cases) and AC joint subluxation (2 cases) were noted at the last follow up. The average UCLA score was 32.6 in the type I AC joint injuries, 34 in type II and 34.1 in type III. There was no relationship between the clinical outcomes and the preoperative AC joint injury pattern, postoperative traumatic arthritis, AC joint widening or AC joint subluxation (p>0.05). Conclusion: Satisfactory results were achieved by acute reduction and firm fixation of the distal clavicle fracture with AC joint injury. There was no relationship between the pattern of AC joint injury, the residual radiologic findings and the functional outcome.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.577-585
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of beam delivery QA software using the MLC dynalog file, about the VMAT plan with AAPM TG-119 protocol. The Clinac iX with a built-in 120 MLC was used to acquire the MLC dynalog file be imported in MobiusFx(MFX). To establish VMAT plan, Oncentra RTP system was used target and organ structures were contoured in Im'RT phantom. For evaluation of dose distribution was evaluated by using gamma index, and the point dose was evaluated by using the CC13 ion chamber in Im'RT phantom. For the evaluation of point dose, the mean of relative error between measured and calculated value was $1.41{\pm}0.92%$(Target) and $0.89{\pm}0.86%$(OAR), the confidence limit were 3.21(96.79%, Target) and 2.58(97.42%, OAR). For the evaluation of dose distribution, in case of $Delta^{4PT}$, the average percentage of passing rate were $99.78{\pm}0.2%$(3%/3 mm), $96.86{\pm}1.76%$(2%/2 mm). In case of MFX, the average percentage of passing rate were $99.90{\pm}0.14%$(3%/3 mm), $97.98{\pm}1.97%$(2%/2 mm), the confidence limits(CL) were in case of $Delta^{4PT}$ 0.62(99.38%, 3%/3 mm), 6.6(93.4%, 2%/2 mm), in case of MFX, 0.38(99.62%, 3%/3 mm), 5.88(94.12%, 2%/2 mm). In this study, we performed VMAT QA method using dynamic MLC log file compare to binary diode array chamber. All analyzed results were satisfied with acceptance criteria based on TG-119 protocol.