• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

Currently commercially available phantom can reproduce and evaluate only a static situation, the study is incomplete research on phantom and system which is can confirmed functional situation in the kidney by time through dynamic phantom and blood flow velocity, various difference according to the amount of radioactive. Therefore, through this study, it has produced the dynamic kidney phantom to reproduce images through the dynamic flow of the kidney, it desires to evaluate the usefulness of nuclear medicine imaging. The production of the kidney phantom was fabricated based on the normal adult kidney, in order to reproduce the dynamic situation based on the fabricated kidney phantom, in this study it was applied the volume pump that can adjust the speed of blood flow, so it can be integrated continuously radioactive isotopes in the kidney by using 99mTc-pertechnate. Used the radioactive isotope was supplied through the two pump. It was confirmed the changes according to the infusion rate, radioactive isotopes and the different injection speeds on the left and right, analysis of the acquired images was done by drawn five times ROI in order to check the reproducibility of each on the front and rear of the kidney and bladder. Depending on the speed of injection, radioisotope was a lot of integrated and emissions up when adjusting the pressure of the pump as 30 stroke, it was the least integrated and emissions up when adjusting as 40 stroke. The integration of the left & right kidney was not reached in the amount of the highest when adjusting as 10 stroke. In the changes according to the amount of the radioactive isotope, 0.6 mCi(22.2 MBq), 0.8 mCi (29.6 MBq)was showed up similar tendency but, in the result of the injection 0.8 mCi, it was showed up counts close to double of 0.6 mCi. In the result of the differently injection speed of the left & right kidney, as a result of different conditions that injection speed was 20 stroke through left kidney phantom, the injection speed was 30 stroke through right kidney phantom, it was enough difference in the resulting image can be easily distinguished with the naked eye. Through this study, the results showed that the dynamic kidney phantom system is able to similarly reproduce renogram in the actual clinical. Especially, the depicted over time for the flow to be excreted through the kidney into the bladder was adequately reproduce, it is expected to be utilized as basic data to check the quality of the dynamic images. In addition, it is considered to help in the field of functional imaging and quality control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.407-408
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• 2009

In this work, a quantitative method of the sequential separation of $^{90}Pu,\;^{90}Sr$ and $^{241}Am$ nuclides was developed in environmental soil samples using by an anion exchange resin connected with a Sr Spec resin. The sequential methods of Pu, $^{90}Sr$ and $^{241}Am$ nuclides can reduce analysis cost and time. With the sequential methodupdated in this study, the activity concentrations of $^{239,240}Pu,\;^{90}Sr$ and $^{241}Am$ in the IAEA reference materials were close to the reference values reported by the IAEA.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.294-298
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• 2001

A research for transmutation reactor is in progress to transmute high radioactive isotopes into low radioactive ones. In this study, thermal-hydraulic and structural analysis was performed to design liquid metal target system that would be used in subcritical transmutation reactor. Diffuse plate installation was considered to enhance cooling of window. And thermal-structural analysis of window was performed varying window thickness, beam power, and coolant flow rate to determine target system design valuers. It is ensured that maximum window temperature and stress would be acceptable in the design condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.92-93
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• 2017

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in natural radioactive gas radon(Rn-222), the problem of indoor air quality pollution to worldwide. It has been scientifically proven to be hazardous to various diseases such as lung cancer and skin cancer if the human body is exposed to long-term accumulation of atomic nuclei due to the destruction of radon and alpha lines. Based on the indoor air quality control policy, this study is a basic experiment in the manufacture of a selective elimination function to containing radon adsorption and reduction of radon concentration, which is used to absorb radioactive isotopes such as phosphorus and radon in indoor environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

Objectives: To investigate safety and health management, conditions in factories or facilities handling radiation-generating devices and radioactive isotopes were reviewed in terms of regulations of radiation safety control in Korea. Radiation exposure levels generated at those facilities were directly measured and evaluated for establishing an effective safety and health management plan. Methods: Government organizations with laws and systems of radiation safety and health were investigated and compared. There are three laws governing radiation-related employment such as occupational safety and health acts, nuclear safety acts, and medical service acts. We inspected 12 workplaces as research objects:four workplaces that manufacture and assemble semiconductor devices, three non-destructive inspection workplaces that perform inspections on radiation penetration, and five workplaces in textile and tire manufacturing. Monitoring of radiation exposure was performed through two methods. Spatial and surface monitoring using real-time radiation instruments was performed on each site handling radiation generating devices and radioactive isotopes in order to identify radiation leakage. Results: According to the occupational safety and health act, there is no legal obligation to measure ionizing radiation and set dose limits. This can cause confusion in the application of the laws, because the scopes and contents are different from each other. Surface dose rates in radiation generating devices such as implanters, thickness gages and accelerators, which were registered according to nuclear safety acts, using surveymeters, and seven of 36 facilities(19.4%) exceeded the international standards for surface radiation dose of $10{\mu}Sv/hr$. Conclusions: The results showed that occupational health and safety acts require a separate provision for measuring and assessing the radiation exposure of workers performing radiation work. Like noise, ionizing radiation will also periodically be controlled by including it in the object factors of work-environment measurement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.693-695
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• 2014

Radioactive isotopes for radiation diagnosis is production by using Cyclotron like a PET. Radioactive isotopes is influenced product yield according to shape and size of the proton beam and target irradiation position by cyclotron. And to develop a device for measuring the distribution of the beam to increase the loss of the beam. Beam measuring device is measured vertically beam current according move the two wires. In this way, by using the beam current value in each position you are able to know the cross section and location information of the beam. By scanning cross-section for X-axis Y-axis of beam acquires data of beam. Print this into 2D graph, and analyze the result. You can save this result by documentation process.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.389-395
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• 2020

The evaluation of radioactivated components of heavy-ion accelerator facilities affects the safety of radiation management and the exposure dose for workers. and this is an important issue when predicting the disposal cost of waste during maintenance and dismantling of accelerator facilities. In this study, the FLUKA code was used to simulate the proton treatment device nozzle and classify the radio-nuclides and total radioactivity generated by each component over a short period of time. The source term was evaluated using NIST reference beam data, and the neutron flux generated for each component was calculated using the evaluated beam data. Radioactive isotopes caused by generated neutrons were compared and evaluated using nuclide information from the International Radiation Protection Association and the Korea Radioisotope association. Most of the nuclides produced form of beta rays and electron capture, and short-lived nuclides dominated. However, In the case of ⁵⁴Mn, which is a radioactive product of iron, the effect of gamma rays should be considered. In the case of tritium generated from a material with a low atomic number, it is considered that handling care should be taken due to its long half-life.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.275-282
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• 2022

The aim of this work is to develop the fractional Bateman equations, which can model memory effects in successive isotopes transformations. Such memory effects have been previously reported in the alpha decay, which exhibits a non-Markovian behavior. Since there are radioactive decay series with consecutive alpha decays, it is convenient to include the mentioned memory effects, developing the fractional Bateman Equations, which can reproduce the standard ones when the fractional order is equal to one. The proposed fractional model preserves the mathematical shape and the symmetry of the standard equations, being the only difference the presence of the Mittag-Leffler function, instead of the exponential one. This last is a very important result, because allows the implementation of the proposed fractional model in burnup and activation codes in a straightforward way. Numerical experiments show that the proposed equations predict high decay rates for small time values, in comparison with the standard equations, which have high decay rates for large times. This work represents a novelty approach to the theory of successive transformations, and opens the possibility to study properties of the Bateman equation from a fractional approach.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.232-236
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• 2018

A radiation detection sensor was developed and characterized by combining three types of CsI(Tl) scintillators and an array-type SiPM to detect the radioactive contamination of discharged water in real time. The characterization results showed that type 3 exhibited the most desirable characteristics in response linearity (R-square: 0.97889) according to detection sensitivity and incident radiation dose. Furthermore, in terms of spectral characteristics, type 3 exhibited 16.54% at 0.356 MeV (the emission gamma ray energy of $^{133}Ba$), 10.28% at 0.511 MeV (the emission gamma ray energy of $^{22}Na$), 9.68% at 0.356 MeV (the emission gamma ray energy of $^{137}Cs$), and 2.55% and 4.80% at 1.173 MeV and 1.332 MeV (the emission gamma ray energies of $^{60}Co$), respectively. These measurements confirmed the good energy characteristics. The results were used to evaluate the spectral characteristics and energy linearity in a mixed source using type 3 with the best detection characteristics. It was confirmed that the gamma ray peaks of $^{133}Ba$, $^{22}Na$, $^{137}Cs$, and $^{60}Co$ were well resolved. Moreover, it was confirmed that R-square, which is an indicator of energy linearity, was 0.99986. This indicates a good linearity characteristic. Based on this study, further commercialization studies will contribute to measurements in real time and to the management of the contamination caused by radioactive wastewater or radioactive material leakage, which originate from facilities that use radioactive isotopes or care facilities.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

No-carrier-added holmium-166 (n.c.a ¹⁶⁶Ho) separation is performed based on the results of separation conditions using stable isotopes dysprosium (Dy) and holmium (Ho) to minimize radioactive waste from separation optimization procedures. Successful separation of two adjacent lanthanides was achieved by cation-exchange chromatography using a sulfonated resin in the H+ form (BP-800) and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (α-HIBA) as eluent. For the identification process after separation of stable isotopes, the use of chromogenic reagents alternatively enables on-line detection because the lanthanides are hardly absorb light in the UV-vis region or exhibit radioactivity. Four different chromogenic reagents were pre-tested to evaluate suitable coloring reagents, of which 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol is the most recommendable considering the sensitivity and specificity for lanthanides. Lanthanide radioisotopes (RI) were monitored for separation with an RI detector using a lab-made separation LC system. Under the proper separation conditions, the n.c.a ¹⁶⁶Ho was effectively obtained from a large amount of 100 mg dysprosium target within 2 hrs.