• 핵의학기술
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2017

Purpose In this study, radiation workers who work in nuclear medicine department were analyzed to find the cause of differences of radiation exposure from General Characteristic, Knowledge, Recognition and Conduct, especially females working on nuclear medicine radiation, in order to pave the way for positive defense against radiation exposure. Materials and Methods The subjects were 106 radiation workers who were divided into two groups of sixty-four males and forty-two females answered questions about their General Characteristic, Knowledge, Recognition, Conduct, and radiation exposure dose which was measured by TLD (Thermo Luminescence Dosimeter). Results The results of the analysis revealed that as the higher score of knowledge and conduct was shown, the radiation exposure decreased in female groups, and as the higher score of conduct was shown, the radiation exposure decreased in male groups. In the correlation analysis of female groups, the non-experienced in pregnancy showed decreasing amount of radiation exposure as the score of knowledge and conduct was higher and the experienced in pregnancy showed decreasing amount of radiation exposure as the score of recognition and conduct was higher. In the regression analysis on related factors of radiation exposure dose of nuclear medicine radiation workers, the gender caused the meaningful result and the amount of radiation exposure of female groups compared to male groups. In the regression analysis on related factors of radiation exposure dose of female groups, the factor of conduct showed a meaningful result and the amount of radiation exposure of the experienced in pregnancy was lower compared to the non-experienced. Conclusion The conclusion of this study revealed that radiation exposure of female groups was lower than that of male groups. Therefore, male groups need to more actively defend themselves against radiation exposure. Among the female groups, the experienced in pregnancy who have an active defense tendency showed a lower radiation exposure. Thus, those who have never been pregnant need to have a more active defensive conduct for the future possibility of pregnancy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1997

The specific purpose of this study is to develop the numerical guide for the cost-benefit analysis of ORE ($/person-Sv reduction) to meet the criterion of ALARA in the design stage of the KNGR. In deriving the guide, the risk factor which is defined by the risk to unit collective radiation exposure dose (deaths/person-Sv) and the monetary value of human life ($/death) are required. The risk factor has been estimated from various clinical data accumulated for a number of years and continuously modified. And the monetary value of human life is usually quantified using the human capital approach. In this study, the risk to radiation exposure perceived by a group of people is investigated through an extensive poll survey conducted among university students in order to modify the existing risk factor for radiation exposure. And in evaluating the monetary value of human life, the QOL factor is introduced in order to incorporate the degree of public welfare or quality of life. As a result of study, a value within the range of 151, 000~172, 000 dollars per person-Sv reduction is recommended as the appropriate interim numerical guide for cost-benefit analysis of ORE to meet the criterion of ALARA in the design stage of the KNGR. A poll survey was also conducted in order to see whether the public acceptance cost of nuclear power should be incorporated in developing the guide, and the result of study shooed that such a cost does not need to be considered.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.26-30
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• 1998

We tried to study in order to furnish the data for medical exposure dose and scattered ray in radiography. As the tables(from 1 to 3) show, we can presume, by means of a concrete numerical value, the amount of results affected by patient radiation exposure dose and somatic effect in radiography. However, there are many difficulties in the difference of exposure factor in each hospital, the accuracy of measuring by tracebility, shortage of exposure dose data especially in the area of children, and portable radiography, etc. In the radiation examination, it is considered if the gained benefit to the patient due to radiation is more than the risk of radiation, then the medical exposure is thought to be justified. Therefore, the radiotechnologists should continually make an effort to develop and study new techniques so as to reduce patient exposure dose.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2023

본 연구는 방사선작업종사자, 방사선관계종사자 그룹의 방사선사들과 수시출입자로 분류된 예비 방사선사인 재학생의 임상실습 과정에서의 피폭선량을 측정하였다. 2021년 1월부터 1년 동안 인천소재의 C 대학병원의 방사선구역에서 근무하였던 방사선사들과 동 의료기관에서 7월 1일부터 8월 31일까지 임상실습을 이수한 121명의 학생들을 연구대상으로 하였다. 방사선 피폭선량으로 인하여 손상위험장기인 폐의 피폭선량으로 인한 부작용 발생확률을 평가하기 위하여 ICRP 103^[12]에 의거한 명목위험계수(Nominal Risk Factor)를 사용하였다. 임상실습기간 중 수시출입자로 분류된 방사선(학)과 학생들의 표층선량은 0.98 ± 0.14 mSv, 심부선량은 0.93 ± 0.14 mSv였다. 즉, 표층선량은 1,000,000당 6.7명, 심부선량은 6.4명이 폐의 피폭선량으로 인한 부작용 발생률이 있음이 나타났다. 이는 1년 피폭선량의 환산 값으로 방사선(학)과 교육과정이 3년 혹은 4년임을 고려하였을 때, 임상실습을 나가는 예비 방사선종사자들에 대한 체계적인 관리와 관심이 필요하며, 방사선의 확률적 영향과 관련하여 방사선 안전관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide fundamental data on the awareness of radiation, specifically the differences between general awareness, psychological state and harmful effects. Data was collected from 334 University students in the Chungbuk region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability and factor analysis, the awareness of radiation was 2.80, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.815 and KMO of 0.798. Factor analysis extracted three components of the awareness of radiation, which we named general awareness (factor 1), psychological state (factor 2), and harmful effect (factor 3). There were significant differences in the general awareness of natural radiation and radiation-containing foods (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in the general awareness of radiation food supply (p>0.05). Also, the psychological state showed a significant difference in exposure inspection, future exposure, and radiation-containing food (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in the refusal of radiation inspection (p>0.05). The harmful effects showed a significant difference in the rejection of radiation (p<0.05), but no significant differences in the cancer and genetic effects, diseases and physical harmfulness (p>0.05). A significant positive result (p<0.05) was found for the psychological state according to the harmful effects of radiation. Based on this study, detailed and continuous education must be accomplished by increasing the awareness of radiation and the acceptance level, conveying a proper understanding of radiation and assisting subjects with receiving the information they desire through various educational mediums.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.209-225
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• 2016

본 연구는 핵의학 분야의 방사선종사자에 대해 방사선 피폭선량을 지식, 인식, 행태 및 이와 관련된 요인으로 분석하고, 특히 여성 핵의학 방사선종사자를 중심으로 피폭선량과 관련요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 핵의학과에 근무하는 방사선종사자 106명(여성 : 42명, 남성 : 64명)을 대상으로 방사선 피폭선량과 일반적 특성, 지식, 인식, 행태에 대한 설문조사를 시행하고, 분석하였다. 성별에 따른 핵의학 방사선종사자의 피폭선량을 지식, 인식, 행태 요인으로 분석한 결과, 여성 핵의학 방사선종사자에서 피폭선량과 지식 점수는 -0.221, 피폭선량과 행태 점수는 -0.512로 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 남성 핵 의학 방사선종사자는 피폭선량과 행태 점수는 -0.248로 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 임신 경험 유무에 따른 여성 핵 의학 방사선종사자의 피폭선량을 지식, 인식, 행태 요인으로 분석한 결과, 임신 경험이 없는 방사선종사자의 피폭선량과 지식 점수는 -0.238, 피폭선량과 행태 점수는 -0.511이었으며, 임신 경험이 있는 방사선종사자의 피폭선량과 인식 점수는 -0.540, 피폭선량과 행태 점수는 -0.643으로 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 핵의학 방사선종사자의 피폭선량의 관련요인에 대한 회귀분석에서 성별 요인이 가장 영향력이 있었으며, 남성에 비해 여성의 피폭선량이 3.272 mSv 낮았다. 여성 핵의학 방사선종사자의 피폭선량의 관련요인에 대한 회귀분석에서 행태 요인이 가장 영향력이 있었으며, 임신 경험이 없는 방사선종사자에 비해 임신 경험이 있는 방사선종사자의 피폭선량이 0.332 mSv 낮았다. 핵의학 방사선종사자 중 여성은 방사선 지식정도에 비례하여 행태에 반영하고 방사선 방어에 대해 실질적으로 노력하는 반면 남성은 방사선 지식을 행태적으로 거의 활용하지 않는 것으로 여겨진다. 이에 남성은 보다 적극적인 방사선 방어에 대한 교육을 통해 피폭선량 저감을 위한 활동이 요구된다. 또한 여성 핵의학 방사선종사자 중 임신 경험이 없는 방사선종사자는 방사선 방호와 관련하여 지식 정도에 비례하여 행태에 반영하지만, 임신 경험이 있는 방사선종사자는 지식 정도와는 관계없이 인식 정도가 행태에 반영되고 있으므로 이에 대해 임신 경험이 없는 방사선종사자는 방사선 방어에 대한 인식을 강화할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고, 임신 경험이 있는 방사선종사자는 지식을 강화할 수 있는 교육의 적용이 요구될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2003

The primary contributors to the total occupational radiation exposure in operating nuclear power plants are operation and maintenance activities doting refueling outages. The Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) includes a number of design improvements and plans to utilize advanced maintenance methods and robotics to minimize the annual collective dose. The major radiation exposure reduction features implemented in APR1400 are a permanent refueling pool seal, quick opening transfer tube blind flange, improved hydrogen peroxide injection at shutdown, improved permanent steam generator work platforms, and more effective temporary shielding. The estimated average annual occupational radiation exposure for APR1400 based on the reference plant experience and an engineering judgment is determined to be in the order of 0.4 man-Sv, which is well within the design goal of 1 man-Sv. The basis of this average annual occupational radiation exposure estimation is an eighteen (18) month fuel cycle with maintenance performed to steam generators and reactor coolant pumps during refueling outage. The outage duration is assumed to be 28 days. The outage work is to be performed on a 24 hour per day basis, seven (7) days a week with overlapping twelve (12) hour work shifts. The occupational radiation exposure for APR1400 is also determined by an alternate method which consists of estimating radiation exposures expected for the major activities during the refueling outage. The major outage activities that cause the majority of the total radiation exposure during refueling outage such as fuel handling, reactor coolant pump maintenance, steam generator inspection and maintenance, reactor vessel head area maintenance, decontamination, and ICI & instrumentation maintenance activities are evaluated at a task level. The calculated value using this method is in close agreement with the value of 0.4 man-Sv, that has been determined based on the experience aid engineering judgement. Therefore, with the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) advanced design features incorporated in the design, APR1400 design is to meet its design goal with sufficient margin, that is, more than a factor of two (2), if operated on art eighteen (18) month fuel cycle.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1988

환경방사선 측정에 이용되는 휴대형 고순도 게르마늄검출기에 대한 스펙트럼-조사선량율 변환연산자를 원판형선원의 공간분포함수와 검출기의 평면에 대한 측정효율식을 적용하여 이론적으로 유도했다. 이와 같이 구한 변환연산자와 휴대형 고순도 게르마늄검출기를 이용해 한국에너지연구소내에서 방사선 조사선량율을 측정했다. 측정한 조사선량율을 이미 알려진 3'${\phi}\;{\times}$3'NaI(Tl) 섬광검출기에 대한 변환연산자를 적용해 NaI(Tl)검출기로 측정한 조사선량율과 가압형 이온전리함으로 측정한 값과 비교했다. 고순도 게르마늄 검출기로 얻은 결과는 NaI(Tl) 검출기와 가압형 이온전리함으로 얻은 값보다 약 17-29% 낮음을 보여주었다. 이 차이는 다른 문헌에서 보인 차이와 거의 같았다. 본 논문에서 제시한 스펙트럼-조사선량율 변환연산자는 탁상용 계산기로 쉽게 계산할 수 있으며 환경방사선의 측정에 사용되는 여러 검출기에 대해서도 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 장점이 있고 지각에서 방출되는 각 핵종별로 조사선량율을 구할 수 있는 장점이 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.2661-2668
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• 2021

Gamma radiation shielding features for three series of binary alloys identified as (Pb-Sn), (Pb-Zn), and (Zn-Sn) have been investigated. The mass attenuation coefficients (µ/ρ) for the selected alloys were simulated using the MCNP-5 code in the energy range between 0.01 and 15 MeV. Moreover, the (µ/ρ) values were computed using WinXCOM database in the same energy range to validate the simulation results. Results reveal a good agreement between the simulated and computed values. The half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Z_eff) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) were evaluated for the selected binary alloys. Results showed that the PS1, PZ1, and ZS2 alloys have the best shielding parameters and better than the commercially standard and available radiation shielding materials. Therefore, the investigated alloys can be used as effective radiation shielding materials against gamma ray with energies between 0.01 and 15 MeV.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2736-2747
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• 2022

The operations in the design lifecycle of a nuclear power plant targeted to be decommissioned lead to neutron activation. Operations in the decommissioning process include cutting, decontamination, disposal, and processing. Among these, cutting is done close to the target material, and thus workers are exposed to radiation. As there are only a few studies on pressurizers, there arises the need for further research to assess the radiation exposure dose. This study obtained the specifications of the AP1000 pressurizer of Westinghouse and the distribution of radionuclide inventory of a pressurizer in a pressurised water reactor for evaluation based on literature studies. A cutting scenario was created to develop an optimal method so that the cut pieces fill a radioactive solid waste drum with dimensions 0.571 m × 0.834 m. The estimated exposure dose, estimated using the tool VISIPLAN SW, in terms of the decontamination factor (DF) ranged from DF-0 to DF-100, indicating that DF-90 and DF-100 meet the ICRP recommendation on exposure dose 0.0057 mSv/h. At the end of the study, although flame cutting was considered the most efficient method in terms of cutting speed, laser cutting was the most reasonable one in terms of the financial aspects and secondary waste.