• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
• /
• 2006.06b
• /
• pp.231-237
• /
• 2006

Grease barrier food containers are commonly used for packaging of fast food, cooked food, and food in general. Greaseproofing is also used for certificate paper and label paper etc. Different pulp raw materials, due to their different fiber morphology and chemical compositions, produce papers of varying characteristics. We used optical photomicroscopy and fiber analysis data to evaluate fiber morphology and traits under various beating conditions in order to understand which pulp raw materials produced superior greaseproofing property when a fluorinated greaseproofing agent was added internally. The experiment studied 9 species of pulps, including 2 softwood (northern pine and radiata pine) bleached kraft pulps which were beaten to 550 and 350 mL CSF, respectively; 3 hardwoods (eucalypts, acacia, mixed Indonesian hardwoods) bleached kraft pulps which were beaten to 450 and 250 mL CSF, respectively; and nonwood fibers of reed, bagasse, and abaca. A fluorinated greaseproofing chemical at 0.12% dosage with respect to dry pulp was added to each pulp preparation and formed handsheets. A total of 67 sets of handsheets were prepared, and their basis weights, thickness, bulks, opacities, wet opacities, air resistance, water absorption and degrees of greaseproofing were measured for an overall evaluation of pulp and freeness on greaseproofing papers. The experimental fiber length, coarseness and distribution characteristics and the greaseproofing results suggest that softwood pulps (radiate pine > northern pine) were superior to hardwood pulps (eucalypts > acacia > mixed Indonesian hardwoods). The unbeaten pulps gave papers with high porosities and nearly devoid of greaseproofing property. Greaseproofing is proportional to air resistance. Among the nonwood fibers, bagasse had the best greaseproofing property, followed by reed and abaca was the poorest. With regards to waterproofing property, hardwood pulps (mixed Indonesian hardwoods > acacia > eucalypts) were better than softwood pulps (northern pine > radiate pine). Among the Nonwood fibers, reed had the highest waterproofing property, and it was followed by abaca, while bagasse had the poorest waterproofing characteristic. In summary, bleached kraft northern pine, eucalypts and reed pulps were best suited for making greaseproofing papers, Freeness of the pulps should be kept at $200{\sim}280mL$ CSF for optimal performance.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.4 s.132
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2005

Heating and Steaming treatments were carried for deresinning and color change of radiata pine juvenile wood. The boards of 20 mm and 30 mm thicknesses were heat-treated at $150^{\circ}C$ and $220^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4 and 6 hours and steamed at $100^{\circ}C$ for 6, 24 and 48 hours. For extracting residual resin in treated boards and measuring wood surface color, alcohol-benzene solution and a portable colorimeter were used, respectively. The board of 20 mm thickness were deresined effectively by heating at over $150^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours or steaming for 6 hours while that of 30 mm thickness by steaming for 48 hours. For the board of 30 mm thickness treatment time was more influencing on deresinning than treatment temperature. The steamed boards showed higher $L^*$ than the heat-treated for both thicknesses. $L^*$ decreased with the increase of treatment temperature and time, but for the board heat-treated at $220^{\circ}C$ it didn't change after 4 hours. The surface color of the boards heat-treated at $220^{\circ}C$ for 4 and 6 hours were obviously changed, but those at $150^{\circ}C$ were not. It was revealed that the core of the heat-treated board was color changed as well as the surface.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.400-409
• /
• 2015

This study examined the plant growth and development characteristics of leafy vegetables on the hydroponic substrates of waste wood chips, radiate pine chips, and mat type of waste wood chips. The bulk density of waste wood chips and radiata pine chips were $0.2g/cm^3$ and $0.16g/cm^3$, respectively. The moisture retention properties of both the radiata pine chips and waste wood chips were found to be similar but not better than those of the control rock wool and coco peat hydroponic substrates. The moisture retention property of the mat type was found to be the lowest. The chemical analysis of waste wood hydroponic substrates (w/v) was as follows.; The pH was 6.59, electric conductivity was 6.76 dS/m, total nitrogen content was 0.5%, C/N ratio was 113%, phosphorus was 10.1 ppm, potassium was 77 ppm, calcium was 531 ppm, magnesium was 49 ppm, and sodium was 96 ppm. The results from the radiata pine chemical analysis showed that it had a pH of 5.29, electric conductivity of 4.49 dS/m, total nitrogen content of 0.32%, C/N ratio of 180%, phosphorus of 6.4 ppm, potassium of 83 ppm, calcium of 97 ppm, magnesium of 29 ppm, and sodium of 59 ppm. Except for the plants grown in mat type, the developmental characteristics of the plants grown in rock wool and coco peat hydroponic substrates were similar. Based on the results of the experiment, waste wood resources may possibly be used as an organic solid medium in place of the existing rock wool and coco peat medium.