• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.469-478
• /
• 1996

In the conventional digital ultrasound scanner, the reflected signal is sampled either in polar coordinates of R-$\theta$ method, or in Cartesian coordinates of uniform ladder algorithm (ULA). The R-$\theta$ scan method necessitates a coordinate transform process which makes hardware complex in comparison with ULA scan mrthoA In spite of this complexity, R-$\theta$ method has a good resolution in ultrasonographic (US) image, since scan direction of the US imaging is a radial direction. In this paper, a new digital scan converter is proposed, which is named the radius uniform ladder algorithm (RULA). The RULA has the rome scan direction as the US scanning in the radial direction and as the display space in the $\theta$ direction. In tllis new approach, sampled points we uniformly distributed in each horizontal line i.n well as in each radial ray so that the data are displayed in the Cartesian coordinates by the 1-D interpolation process. The propped algorithm has an uniform resolution in the periphery and the center field in comparison with equi-angle ULA and equi-interval ULA. To extend the scan angle, concentric square raster sampling (CSRS) is adopted with reduction of discontinuities on the junctions between horizontal scan and vertical scan. The discontinuities are reduced by using the hmction filtering along the $\theta$ direction.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2010

Experimental study on the flow field inside the nozzle for radial turbine was performed. At design point, the pressure is high and the Mach number is low at the pressure side of the nozzle inlet semi-vaneless space as the flow turns through the nozzle vanes. As the flow accelerates through the nozzle passage to the throat the pressure level at the pressure and suction sides becomes similar. The flow continued accelerating from the throat to the inlet of turbine wheel and the pressure field became uniform in the circumferential direction in the vaneless space. In high expansion ratio condition, strong favorable pressure gradient band region occurred just after the throat in the semi-vaneless space in the circumferential direction and the pressure became uniform in the circumferential direction after this band. In low expansion ratio condition, core flow acceleration is dominant after the throat and this non-uniform pressure field reached to the inlet of turbine wheel.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2006

Movement behavior, shrinkage and equilibrium moisture content (EMC), in this experiment reflected a change of hygroscopicity mainly affected by continuously compressive load during radio-frequency/vacuum (RF/V) drying and humidity changes during equilibrating. As a result of interaction of the compressive load and moisture content changing under the RF/V condition, the shrinkages in loading direction were significantly increased while those perpendicular to loading direction were decreased. The shrinkages were affected most in tangential, and least in longitudinal direction. The shrinkages showed higher values in continuous drying than in intermittent drying. In the direction of increased shrinkage, all the movements were also increased, for example, the tangential movement for the loaded-RS and the radial movement for loaded-TS; in the direction of decreased shrinkage, all the movements except the tangential movement for the loaded-TS were decreased such as the tangential and radial movements for the loaded-ES, and the radial movement for the loaded-RS, comparing with those of the load-free. EMCs of the loaded specimens were all higher than that of the load-free specimen, and the highest for the loaded-TS, the lowest for the loaded-ES. The transverse hygroscopicity of specimen was reduced for the loaded-ES, but increased for the loaded-TS.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2011

Holographic Data Storage System, one of the next generation data storage devices, is a 2-dimensional page oriented memory system using volume holograms in writing and retrieving process. Recently photopolymer with disc type substrate was selected as a media for the Holographic Data Storage System. The disc tilt occurs when the media rotates and the external disturbance applies. The disc tilt causes the change of the angle between the reference beam and the media, the data cannot be retrieved with the right angle or other data page is retrieved. The tilt is generated in a 2-axis direction (tangential, radial). The tangential tilt direction is the same with the multiplexing plane, while the radial tilt direction is a perpendicular to the multiplexing plane. In this research we propose 2-axis tilt angle servo system. The tilt errors are measured by using external photo detector and the additional red laser. Then the tangential direction tilt is compensated by using the galvano mirror. Also the radial direction tilt is compensated by the rotating prism between the relay lens in the reference field. Finally we confirm the compensation results through the Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) and Bit Error Rate(BER).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.57 no.5
• /
• pp.823-835
• /
• 2016

Using the Complementary Functions Method (CFM), a general solution for the one-dimensional steady-state thermal and mechanical stresses in a hollow thick sphere made of functionally graded material (FGM) is presented. The mechanical properties are assumed to obey the exponential variations in the radial direction, and the Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant, with general thermal and mechanical boundary conditions on the inside and outside surfaces of the sphere. In the present paper, a semi-analytical iterative technique, one of the most efficient unified method, is employed to solve the heat conduction equation and the Navier equation. For different values of inhomogeneity constant, distributions of radial displacement, radial stress, circumferential stress, and effective stress, as a function of radial direction, are obtained. Various material models from the literature are used and corresponding temperature distributions and stress distributions are computed. Verification of the proposed method is done using benchmark solutions available in the literature for some special cases and virtually exact results are obtained.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2021

Recently, many studies have considered the effect of atmospheric pressure loading (APL) on precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing. The APL deforms the Earth's crust. It can often exceed 10 mm in radial displacement. In this study, we analyze the APL effect on Multi-GNSS kinematic precise point positioning (PPP). In addition, observations received at two GNSS reference stations (DAEJ and SUWN) in South Korea were processed. The absolute position changes for the two stations were compared to before and after applying the APL effects from January 1 to February 29, 2020. The crust of South Korea was most affected by the APL in the up direction. With the APL model, the difference in daily position changes was mostly within 4 mm in the radial direction. On the other hand, the horizontal components (east-west and north-south) were relatively less affected than the radial component.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2010

A superconductor flywheel energy storage system (SFES) is an electro-mechanical battery which transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy for storage, and vice versa. Many aspects of the quasi-static behavior of flywheel rotors still need to be studied closely, and the rotors require a stable and highly efficient supporting system such as high temperature superconductor (HTS) bearings, which offer dynamic stability without the use of active control. Quasi-static properties of HTS bearings in the radial direction provide data to solve problems which may occur in a running system. Since stiffness in countering rotor vibration is the main parameter for designing an HTS bearing system, we investigated the quasi-static properties of the magnetic force between permanent magnets(PMs) and HTS bulks in the radial direction. We measured radial stiffness, and discovered that bearing stiffness varied greatly depending on the number of active HTS bulks. This is valuable data for predicting the change in stiffness during partial HTS bearing failure. The quasi-static test results are used for optimal design and performance prediction for the 100 kWh class superconductor bearing.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.248-258
• /
• 2017

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Thuja orientalis L., diffuse-porous wood Gmelina arborea Roxb., and ring-porous wood Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Longitudinal flow was considered from bottom to top while the radial flow was considered from bark to pith directions. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents(MC). The variation of penetration speed for different species was observed and the reasons behind for this variation were explored. The highest radial penetration depth was found in ray parenchyma of T. orientalis but the lowest one was found in ray parenchyma of P. amurense. The average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal trachied of T. orientalis was found the highest among all the other cells. The penetration depth in fiber of G. arborea was found the lowest among the other longitudinal cells. It was found that cell dimension and also meniscus angle of safranine solution with cell walls were the prime factors for the variation of liquid flow speed in wood. Vessel was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration for hardwood species. The penetration depth in vessel of G. arborea was found highest among all vessels. Anatomical features like ray parenchyma cell length and diameter, end-wall pits number were found also responsible fluid flow differences. Initially liquid penetration speed was high and the nit gradually decreased in an uneven rate. Liquid flow was captured via video and the penetration depths in those cells were measured. It was found that even in presence of abundant rays in hardwood species, penetration depth of liquid in radial direction of softwood species was found high. Herein the ray length, lumen area, end wall pit diameter determined the radial permeability. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Following a go-stop-go cycle, the penetration speed of a liquid decreased over time.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.228-235
• /
• 2003

In this paper, the workability of flange in the radial extrusion is analyzed in terms of the deformation pattern, the punch load and the forming limit by using simulation and experiment. A single action pressing is applied to both simulation and experiment. The analysis in this study is focused on the transient extrusion into the gap in radial direction with various gap heights and die corner radius. Based on the surface strains where surface cracking occurs, the forming patterns and strain-fracture relationships in producing radially extruded flange are obtained.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.766-772
• /
• 2013

Modeling and control of radial force in the double stator type bearingless switched reluctance motor (BLSRM) is researched. The rotational torque is controlled independently from the radial force control. And the radial force is constant which is independent from the rotor position. In order to realize steady suspension, analytical models of torque and radial force for the proposed structure are derived. Meanwhile, in order to realize steady suspension, control scheme for proposed BLSRM is proposed. In the control method, the radial force can be controlled in arbitrary direction and magnitude by selecting some combinations of radial force windings. The validities of structure and control method are verified by the experimental results.