• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2012

The radial artery superficial palmar branch free flap is based on the perforators of the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery and its venae comitantes. This flap can be used as a sensible flap including palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve. Forty radial artery superficial palmar branch free flaps were performed at Centum Institute during October 2010 to December 2011. There were 32 males and 8 females and their mean age were 48 years (range 30 to 66 years). The thumb injured in 13 patients, the index finger in 16 patients, the middle finger in 4 patients, the ring finger in 2 patients, and the little finger in 5 patients. The mean size of the flap was $2.5{\times}3.5$ cm(range $2{\times}2.5$ to $3{\times}7$ cm). The donor site was always closed primarily. The overall survival rate was 90.2 percent. The flaps showed well-padded tissue with glabrous skin. All patients have touch sensation and showed 12 mm two point discrimination in an average(range 8 to 15 mm). Donor site morbidity was conspicuous. One patient showed unsightly scar. Early postoperative range of motion of the affected thumb showed slightly limited radial and palmar abduction. But it improved after postoperative 2 months, and patients did not complaint limitation of motion. In conclusion, the radial artery superficial palmar branch free flap can be used as an option for soft tissue reconstruction of finger defects where local or island flaps are unsuitable.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2006

The radial uniformity of neutron irradiation in silicon ingots for neutron transmutation doping (NTD) at HANARO is examined by both calculations and measurements. HANARO has two NTD holes named NTD1 and NTD2. We have been using the NTD2 hole for 5 in. NTD commercial service, and we intend to use two holes for 6 in. NTD. The objective of this study is to predict the radial uniformity of 6 in. NTD at the two holes. The radial neutron flux distributions inside single crystal and noncrystal silicon loaded at the NTD2 hole are calculated by the VENTURE code. For NTD1, the radial distributions of the reaction rate for a 6 in. NTD with a neutron screen are calculated by MCNP, and measured by gold wire activation. The results of the measurements are compared with those of the calculations. From the VENTURE calculation, it is confirmed that the neutron flux distribution in the single crystal silicon is much flatter than that in the non-crystal silicon. The non-uniformities of the measurements for radial neutron irradiation are slightly larger than those of the calculations. However, excluding local dips in the measurements, the overall trends of the distributions are similar. The radial resistivity gradient (RRG) for a 5 in. silicon ingot is estimated to be about $1.5\%$. For a 6 in. ingot, the RRG of a silicon ingot irradiated at HANARO is predicted to be about $2.1\%$. Also, from the experimental results, we expect that the RRG would not be larger than $4.4\%$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.41-54
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with Pericardium jung-gyuck (SA-acu-PC) and Triple Energizer jung-gyuck (SA-acu-TE) on the radial pulse in healthy human subjects. Methods: Sixty healthy subjects participated in this study and divided into three groups randomly: Control group(C), Pericardium jung-gyuck group(PC), Triple Energizer jung-gyuck group(TE). Radial pulse was measured by 3 dimensional pulse imaging system (DMP-3000) before, right after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture. Results: 1. The changes observed in periodic parameters are considered as the common effects of both SA-acu-TE and SA-acu-PC. SA-acu-TE was more effective than SA-acu-PC in these effects. 2. The effects of SA-acu-PC appeared in the pulse amplitude, pulse area, and pulse power volume mainly at the left chon position, and 3. The effects of SA-acu-TE appeared in the radial augmentation index and main peak angle mainly at the right gwan position. Conclusions: The effects of SA-acu-PC and SA-acu-TE can be observed in the radial pulse. The increases in pulse amplitude, pulse area, and pulse power volume at the left chon may imply the effects of SA-acu-PC. And the decrease in the pulse power volume, the increases in radial augmentation index and main peak angle may imply the effects of SA-acu-TE.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.17-29
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find the effects of Sa-Am lung tonifying acupuncture on radial pulse through the parameters difference. Methods : Forty healthy subjects participated in this study, acupuncture group and control group were divided. Compared various parameters of radial pulse between two groups, and the significantly changed 16 parameters ware measured using 3 dimensional pulse imaging system(DMP-3000) before, right after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture at Chon, Gwan, Cheok in acupucture group. Results : After lung tonifying acupuncture, radial pulse 16 parameters were showed changes significantly according to the time at each measuring location. 1. Heart rate, T2/T, T5, T5/T and W/T significantly decreased, W significantly increased. 2. Modulus of elasticity significantly decreased in left Cheok. 3. Amplitude of H4 significantly increased in left Gwan and right Cheok. 4. AIx, AIxHR significantly decreased in left Gwan and significantly increased in right Chon. 5. Area of pulse, area of W significantly increased in right Cheok. 6. Pulse energy, energy/min, EIx significantly decreased in left Cheok. 7. Maximum variation time of each parameter is showed different according to the parameter. Conclusions : Lung tonifying acupuncture exerts an influence on radial purse parameters. Further radial pulse change study on various acupuncture treatment is required.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.200-205
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• 2011

Axial and radial distributions of bubble holdup were investigated in a slurry bubble column with pilot plant scale(D=1.0 m). Effects of gas velocity, surface tension of continuous liquid medium and solid fraction in the slurry phase on the axial and radial distributions of bubble holdup were examined. The bubble holdup decreased with increasing radial dimensionless distance from the center of the column, while it increased with increasing dimensionless distance in the axial direction from the distributor, in all the cases studied. The radial non-uniformity of bubble holdup increased with increasing gas velocity but decreasing surface tension of liquid medium, while it was not dependent upon the solid fraction in the slurry phase. The axial non-uniformity of bubble holdup increased with increasing gas velocity, but it does not change considerably with variations of liquid surface tension or solid fraction in the slurry phase . The axial and radial distributions of bubble holdup were well correlated in terms of operating variables within this experimental conditions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2009

In this work, we investigate the effect of blood hematocrit level on the radial pulse wave to study the clinical application of the pulse analyzer. For this purpose, we measured the radial pulse wave at the left Gwan for 15 males with abnormal high hematocrit level and 47 males with normal hematocrit level at the age of thirties and forties. Various variables of the radial pulse wave between two groups were analyzed by Student's T test. We found significant differences in several characteristic variables in the amplitude, time-span and the integrated area of the amplitude and time of the pulse wave. The systolic peak in the amplitude of the radial pulse wave was higher in abnormal high hematocrit group. In contrast, the third peak from the second incisure was higher and longer in normal hematocrit group. Our study suggests that the radial pulse wave can be useful in distinguishing the patient group with high hematocrit level and thus with high blood viscosity. Our finding may motivate research activities towards diverse clinical applications of the pulse wave.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of radial head resection on longevity in nonconstrained total elbow arthroplasty, Materials and Methods : The results of 20 cases of radial head replaced Pritchard ERS and 18 cases of radial head excised Kudo elbow was followed for 6 to 16 years, 10.6 years in average. The rate of loosening, osteolysis, radial head subluxation, joint dislocation and valgus deformity were compared between the two groups. Results'There was no exaggerated cubitus valgus in Pritchard ERS group. However there developed one case of delayed subluxation of radial head occurred in 6 years postoperatively, one case of loosening, and one case of sponta- neous fracture of humeral shaft due to osteolysis. In Kudo elbow group,5 cases (27.8%) showed exaggerated valgus deformity with instability. There were one case of loosening and one case of delayed dislocation occurred in a year postoperatively. Conclusion : The most clear feature of Kudo elbow was exaggerated cubitus valgus. However, the ostolysis was developed in both groups and there was no difference in rate of the other complications between the two groups.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.287-290
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• 2017

A 6-month-old, 4.1 kg female Dachshund dog presented with intermittent non-weight bearing lameness of the right thoracic limb. Radiographs revealed caudolateral luxation of the right radial head and a shortened right ulna compared to the contralateral limb. Bone lengthening by distraction of the ulna using the Ilizarov technique was performed following ulnar osteotomy. The rate of distraction was 1.5 mm per day, adjusted a total of 3 times daily for a total distraction distance of 10 mm. The Ilizarov fixator was removed four weeks after surgery. The patient showed knuckling due to radial nerve injury that occurred during limb-lengthening. Corrective osteotomy was performed using a plate and pin for the luxation and deformity of the right radial head. The luxation of the radial head was successfully reduced following surgery. However, the knuckling persisted after surgery. Rehabilitation for radial nerve injury was performed using heat therapy, massage, a passive range of motion exercises, water treadmill exercises, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, leash-walking, and acupuncture. 15 months after surgery, the patient showed satisfactory weight-bearing ambulation without recurrence of lameness. The use of the Ilizarov technique is a good surgical option for the treatment of a patient with congenital elbow luxation.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2017

Background: Previous studies of radial nerve conduction study (NCS) did not present how to measure the length of the radial nerve across the elbow, and did not even mention how to manage the spiral course of the nerve. This study aimed to applicate the most reliable method to measure the length of the radial nerve during NCS. Methods: Three points (A, B, and C) were determined along the relatively straight course of the radial nerve. The distance was measured using three different methods: L1) straight distance corresponding to the A-C distance, L2) sum of the distances corresponding to the A-B-C distance, L3) based on the L2, but the elbow is flexed at a $45^{\circ}$ angle. We compared the three methods of distance measurement and the calculated nerve conduction velocities (V1, V2, and V3) in normal healthy subjects. Results: 19 normal participants were enrolled. The mean value for method L1, L2 and L3 were $22.5{\pm}1.8cm$, $24.0{\pm}2.1cm$, and $23.2{\pm}2.1cm$ (p < 0.001). Calculated conduction velocities using those distance measurement methods as follows (p < 0.001): V1 ($60.9{\pm}2.7m/s$), V2 ($64.6{\pm}3.3m/s$), and V3 ($63.4{\pm}3.9m/s$). V2 was significantly greater than V1 and V3 (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: The distance measurement using a stopover point near the lateral epicondyle between two stimulus points in position of a fully extended elbow with forearm pronation is the most appropriate posture for radial motor NCS.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the radial displacement of clinical target volume in the patients with node negative head and neck (H&N) cancer and to quantify the relative positional changes compared to that of normal healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: Three node-negative H&N cancer patients and five healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. For setup accuracy, neck thermoplastic masks and laser alignment were used in each of the acquired computed tomography (CT) images. Both groups had total three sequential CT images in every two weeks. The lymph node (LN) level of the neck was delineated based on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) consensus guideline by one physician. We use the second cervical vertebra body as a reference point to match each CT image set. Each of the sequential CT images and delineated neck LN levels were fused with the primary image, then maximal radial displacement was measured at 1.5 cm intervals from skull base (SB) to caudal margin of LN level V, and the volume differences at each node level were quantified. Results: The mean radial displacements were 2.26 (${\pm}1.03$) mm in the control group and 3.05 (${\pm}1.97$) in the H&N cancer patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean radial displacement (p = 0.03). In addition, the mean radial displacement increased with the distance from SB. As for the mean volume differences, there was no statistical significance between the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that a more generous radial margin should be applied to the lower part of the neck LN for better clinical target coverage and dose delivery.