• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1990.06a
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• pp.45-48
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• 1990

Maltol(2-methyl-3-hydroxy-r-pyrone), a component known to be present in Korean Ginseng root showed an antioxidant action but its potency as an antioxidant was low; about 1150th that of other antioxidants such as p-phenylenediamine , BHA and BHT. However, maltol was able to protect the oxidation adamants in biological systems such as adriamycin-induced membrane damage in isolated cardiomyocytes, parquet-induced toxicities in isolated hepatocytes and repercussion injury in isolated hearts. The antioxidant action of maltol was also shown to be effective in vivo. The antioxidant action of this compound was probably due to the removal of hydroxyl radicals. In view of the roles of oxygen radical in various pathological processes, Korean Ginseng root, which contains several antioxidants including maltol, is expected to have beneficial efforts on the oxygen radical-involved processes. Keywords Maltol, Oxygen free radicals, Lipid preoccupation, Repercussion injury and Korean ginseng

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 1990

Maltol(2-methyl-3-hydroxy-r-pyrone), a component known to be present in Korean Ginseng root showed an antioxidant action but its potency as an antioxidant was low: about 1150th that of other antioxidants such as pphenylenediamine, BHA and BHT. However, maltol was able to protect the oxidation damages in biological systems such as adriamycin-induced membrane damage in isolated cardiomyocytes, paraquat-induced toxicities in isolated hepatocytes and reperfusion injury in isolated hearts. The antioxidant action of maltol was also shown to be effective in vivo. The antioxidant action of this compound was probably due to the removal of hydroxyl radicals. In view of the roles of oxygen radical in various pathological proceises, Korean Ginseng root which contains several antioxidants including maltol is expected to have beneficial effects on the oxygen radical-involved processes.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out in order to study the changes of morphological characters of the growth and thatch accumulation in :3 varieties of Kentucky bluegrass under removing clipping residues as affected by cutting management. The varieties used were Park, Kenhiuc and Newport.The results obtained are as follows; 1. The dry weight of leaf. stem and number of tiller was highest at 22. June and lowest at 21. Aug in alt varieties. And then the dry weight of rhizome, root and thatch increased with growth progressed) Tabte 3). 2. The relationship of the dry weight of biological yield and number of tillers was quadratic ally increased in the growth stage of spring($R^2$= 0.982**), and linearlly increased in the growth stage of autumn(r 0.944*)(Fig. 1). :3. The dry weight of thatch increased as an exponentially equation in alt :3 varieties of Kentucky blue-grass(Fig. 2). Thatch increased rate(TIR) can used to estimate the specifying a quantity of thatch accumulation from the turf. Thatch increase rate equation as follows. where TH$_2$ is the dry weightof thatch at T$_2$ survey time and TH$_1$ is the dry weight of thatch at $TH_1$ is the dry weight of thatch at $T_1$ survey time. $TIR(mg/cm^2/day)=\frac{Ln\;TH_2 - Ln\; TH_1}{T_2 - T_1}$ 4. Correlation coefficients between the dry weight of thatch and leaf weight was -0.633(P>0.05), and number of tiller of tillers was -0.666(P>0.5), respectively. It means that thatch accumu-lation increased with growth depression of leaf and stem.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.967-987
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• 1996

The present study was to evaluate the healing patterns of guided tissue regeneration( GTR) using resorbable $Vicryl^{(R)}$(polyglactin 910) mesh and nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE) membrane with or without bone grafting using autogeneous bone and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) in the grade II furcation defects. Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected buccally in the mandibular 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolar areas and furcation defects were created surgically by removing $5{\times}6mm$ alveolar bone in 4 dogs. Root surfaces were thoroughly debrided of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed on root surface at the most apical bone level. In the right and left mandibular quadrant, each tooth was received $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh(ACE Surgical Supply Co., USA) only, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with DFDBA, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with autogeneous bone grafts, ePTFE membrane($Core-tex^{(R)}$ membrane, W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) only, ePTFE membrane with DFDBA or ePTFE membrane with autogeneous bone grafts. For the fluorescent microscopic examination, fluorescent agents were injected at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, 2 dogs were sacrificed and ePTFE membranes were removed from remaining 2 dogs, which were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified tissues were embedded in methylmethacrylate and $10{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut in a buccolingual direction. These sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain, and evaluated by descriptive histology and linear measurements. The results were as follows : 1) $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh group showed less connective tissue attachment than ePTFE membrane group. 2) The combination of GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh and osseous grafts resulted in new attachment and new bone formation more than GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh only. 3) GTR using ePTFE membrane, with or without osseous grafts, enhanced periodontal regeneration. 4) Root resorption and dentoalveolar ankylosis were observed in the areas treated with the combination of GTR and DFDBA. It was suggested that the effect of adjunctive bone grafting in GTR procedure depends on the materials and the physical properties of barrier membranes. $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh performed a barrier function and the use of adjunctive bone grafting may enhance the periodontal regeneration.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the characteristics of the autonomic innervation of the heart in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) patients with regulary cycling controls. Methods: We studied 21 patients visiting $\bigcirc\bigcirc$hospital from 25th June 2009 to 25th June 2010. The subjects were categorized in two groups, 11 PCOS patients and 10 healthy regularly cycling controls. We studied the difference of Heart rate variability (HRV) between two groups by Independent samples T-test using SPSS for windows(version 17.0). Results: The Standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN), The spuare root of the sum of the spuare of difference between adjacent normal R-R intervals (RMS-SD) of PCOS group was non-significantly lower than non-PCOS group. High frequency power (HF) and Normalized high frequency power (HF norm) of PCOS group was significantly higher than non-PCOS group. Normalized low frequency power (LF norm) of PCOS was signficantly lower than non-PCOS group. The results means increased sympathetic and decreased vagal modulation. Total power (TP), Very low frequency power (VLF) of PCOS group was non-significantly lower than non-PCOS group. Low frequency power (LF), LF/HF ratio of PCOS group was non-significantly higher than non-PCOS group. Conclusion: The results suggest that PCOS can be related to decreased activity of parasympathetic nervous system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 1996

This experiment was to evaluate the growth characteristics of lodging resistance cultivated at sandbed in rice varieties. Five varieties were used in this studies. The leaf area, leaf dry weight, culm dry weight and total dry weight of cultivated rice seedling at sandbed showed the maximal values at heading stage, but decreased according to growth development. The number of newly developed roots of rice seedlings cultivated at sand pot were the most at the 30 days seedling stage, but those were decreasing at 40 to 45 days seedling stage. Cheongmyungbyeo and Dongjinbyeo showed the most vigor in newly developed roots. The bending moment at breaking of rice internodes were the largest at the 4th node, but decreased at the top internodes. Cheongmyungbyeo and Dongjinbyeo were proved lodging resistant varieties by the bending moment. The weight of culm base was positively correlated with bending moment at breaking of rice culm, but lodging index was negatively correlated weight of culm base and root dry weight, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the degree of reduction in the yield of sweetpotato subjected to different shading treatments according to the growing season of the typical viscous sweetpotato 'Hogammi' and the powdery sweetpotato 'Jinyulmi'. Shading was provided using commercially available shading nets (55% and 75% shading level), and the treatments were applied at the following stages of storage root growth: SFS: the storage root formation stage (planting-50^th day), SSS: the storage root swelling stage (50-90^th day), and SAS: the storage root actively swelling Stage (90-120^th day). The growth characteristics according to shading treatments during each growth period, the number of tubers obtained at harvest, and sugar contents were investigated. For both assessed cultivars, there was no significant difference between the control group and the 55% shading treated group with respect to the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II under different shading treatments, whereas the 75% shading group showed slightly higher values than the control group. In both cultivars, the contents of chlorophyll a and b tended to increase in plants subjected to shading treatments compared with the control plants, particularly that of chlorophyll b. Compared with the control group, the chlorophyll b content of 'Hogammi' subjected to 55% and 75% shading increased by 47% and 41%, respectively, whereas that of 'Jinyulmi' increased by 39% and 34%, respectively. We also detected reductions in the dry weights of the above- and belowground parts of the two varieties in response to shading compared with the control, with the reduction in the dry weight of belowground parts being significant. Furthermore, in both varieties, the T/R rate tended to increase in response to shading treatment. Owing to the lack of sunlight, both cultivars tended to suppress the formation and enlargement of tuber roots. Consequently, post-harvest yield analysis revealed that under shading treatments, both cultivars were characterized by poor tuber root growth according to growing season, with the yield of 'Hogammi' showing a greater reduction compared with that of 'Jinyulmi'. In addition, we found that the higher shading level also significantly reduced yields. Compared with the storage root formation and storage root actively swelling stages, shading treatments during the storage root swelling stage significantly affected yield reduction in both varieties.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.156-161
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• 2002

It depends on the joint configuration, dimensions and constraints on the joint whether the residual stress at the root of single-sided butt weld is tensile or not. Therefore, recommendation is generally made that high R ratio should be used in the fatigue test of this type of joint in order to prevent excessively long life caused by compressive residual stress. in this research, the residual stress profile in butt weld joint was obtained through compliance method, using successive extension of a slot and measurement of the variation of strain during the slot extension. The residual stress profile was firstly assumed to be the linear summation of Legendre polynomials up to 9th order excluding 0th and 1st order. Strain variation on the surface was measured while the slot was being extended by cutting to find out the 8 unknown coefficients of each polynomial tenn. The cut was made by the electric discharge machine. It was concluded that the residual stress near the surface stayed positive, however, it turned into the negative value as soon as it passed through 2 or 3 mm depth. Several fatigue tests were also carried out under zero stress ratio. Test results showed that fatigue life coincides well with the design cuive of butt joint in British Standards, which supports that it is tensile residual stress that exists near the weld root.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.256-267
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• 1987

Changes of light intensity under and above shading materials were measured at different relative light intensity(R.L.I. 5% of common straw shading, 15% of polyester shading and 20% of polyester shading at 12 o'clock on clear day) and lines(lst, 3rd and 5th lines) on clear and cloudy days in 5-year -old ginseng plant populations. Rates of photosynthesis and respiration, microclimate and root yield were also measured in field. Air temperature of R.L.I. 5% were lower 2$^{\circ}C$ compared with R.L.I. 15% and lower 3$^{\circ}C$ compared with R. L. I. 20% from 12 to 14 o'clock on clear day, but there were not difference among R. L. I. on cloudy day. Relative humidity of R. L. I. 5% were higher 5% compared compared with R.L.I. 20% from 10 to 14 o'clock on clear day, R. L. I. on cloudy day. Light intensity were below 5,000 lux at R.L.I. 5%, about 15,000 lux at R.L.I. 15% and about 20,000 lux at R.L.I. 20% from 10 to 15 o'clock on clear day. But light intensity were below 3, 000 lux at R. L. I. 5% about 10, 000 lux at R. L. I. 15% and about 15, 000 lux at R. L. I. 20% from 10 to 15 o'clock on cloudy. Photosynthetic rate of R.L.I. 15% and R.L.I. 20% were higher compared with R.L.I. 5% on clear and cloudy days. Tatal photosynthesis in a day were increased by R.L.I. 5%, 20%, 15% in turn on clear and cloudy days. R. L. I. 15% and 20% were not notable difference of photosynthetic rates among lines but R. L. I. with R. L. I. 15%, and higher 8% but there were not different among 5% was notable difference of one. Root fresh weight were increased by R.L.I. 5%, 20% and 15% in turn and R.L.I. 15% and 20% were not notable difference of root yield among lines but R. L. I. 5% was notable difference of one.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.74-79
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• 2012

It depends on the joint configuration, dimensions and constraints of the joint whether the residual stress at the root of single-sided butt weld is tensile or not. Therefore, recommendation is generally made that high R ratio should be used in the fatigue test of welded joint in order to prevent excessively long life caused by compressive residual stress. In this research, the residual stress profile in butt weld joint was obtained through compliance method, using successive extension of a slot and measurement of the variation of strain during the slot extension. The residual stress profile was firstly assumed to be the linear summation of Legendre polynomials up to 9th order excluding 0th and 1st order. Strain variation on the surface was measured while the slot was being extended by cutting to find out the 8 unknown coefficients of each polynomial term. The cut was made by the electric discharge machine. It was concluded that the residual stress near the surface is positive valued, however, it turned into the negative value as soon as it passed through 2 or 3 mm of the depth.