• 대한수학회보
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.183-201
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• 1999

Let M be an 0-minimal structure on the standard structure :=( , +, ,<) of the field of real numbers. We study Cr -G manifolds (0$\leq$r$\leq$w) which are generalizations of Nash manifolds and Nash G manifolds. We prove that if M is polynomially bounded, then every Cr -G (0$\leq$r<$\infty$) manifold is Cr -G imbeddable into some n, and that if M is exponential and G is a compact affine Cw -G group, then each compact $C\infty$ -G imbeddable into some representation of G.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.165-167
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• 2005

Let M = (R, +, $\cdot$, <, ... ) be an o-minimal expansion of the standard structure R = (R, +, $\cdot$, >) of the field of real numbers. We prove that if 2 $\le$ r < $\infty$, then every n-dimensional definable $C^r$ manifold is definably $C^r$ imbeddable into $R^{2n+l}$. Moreover we prove that if 1 < s < r < $\infty$, then every definable $C^s$ manifold admits a unique definable $C^r$ manifold structure up to definable $C^r$ diffeomorphism.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2003

Let M be an exponentially bounded o-minimal expansion of the standard structure R = (R ,＋,.,<) of the field of real numbers. We prove that if r is a non-negative integer, then every definable $C^{r}$ manifold is affine. Let f : X ${\longrightarrow}$ Y be a definable $C^1$ map between definable $C^1$ manifolds. We show that the set S of critical points of f and f(S) are definable and dim f(S) < dim Y. Moreover we prove that if 1 < s < ${\gamma}$ < $\infty$, then every definable $C^{s}$ manifold admits a unique definable $C^{r}$ manifold structure up to definable $C^{r}$ diffeomorphism.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2008

Let G and K be compact subgroups of orthogonal groups and $0{\leq}r<x<{\infty}$. We prove that every topological fiber bundle over a definable $C^r$ manifold whose structure group is K admits a unique strongly definable $C^r$ fiber bundle structure up to definable $C^r$ fiber bundle isomorphism. We prove that every G vector bundle over an affine definable $C^rG$ manifold admits a unique strongly definable $C^rG$ vector bundle structure up to definable $C^rG$ vector bundle isomorphism.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.1027-1040
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• 2009

A ring R is called IFP, due to Bell, if ab = 0 implies aRb = 0 for a, b $\in$ R. Huh et al. showed that the IFP condition is not preserved by polynomial ring extensions. In this note we concentrate on a generalized condition of the IFPness that can be lifted up to polynomial rings, introducing the concept of quasi-IFP rings. The structure of quasi-IFP rings will be studied, characterizing quasi-IFP rings via minimal strongly prime ideals. The connections between quasi-IFP rings and related concepts are also observed in various situations, constructing necessary examples in the process. The structure of minimal noncommutative (quasi-)IFP rings is also observed.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2013

This paper is an attempt to study and introduce the notion of ${\omega}$-dense set in weak structures and the notion of m-dense set in minimal structures. We have also investigate the relationships between ${\omega}$-dense sets, $m$-dense sets, ${\sigma}({\omega})$ sets, ${\pi}({\omega})$ sets, $r({\omega})$ sets, ${\beta}({\omega})$ sets, m-semiopen sets and $m$-preopen sets. Further we give some representations of the above generalized sets in minimal structures as well as in weak structures.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2023

Sentiment categorization technique be commonly isolated interested in threes significant classifications name Machine Learning Procedure (ML), Lexicon Based Method (LB) also finally, the Hybrid Method. In Machine Learning Methods (ML) utilizes phonetic highlights with apply notable ML algorithm. In this paper, in classification and identification be complete base under in optimizations technique called sequential minimal optimization with Random Forest algorithm (SMORF) for expanding the exhibition and proficiency of sentiment classification framework. The three existing classification algorithms are compared with proposed SMORF algorithm. Imitation result within experiential structure is Precisions (P), recalls (R), F-measures (F) and accuracy metric. The proposed sequential minimal optimization with Random Forest (SMORF) provides the great accuracy.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2011

This study attempts to investigate the interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for listeners (ISIB-L), examining Chinese talkers' production of English liquids and its perception of native listeners and non-native Chinese and Korean listeners. An Accent Judgment Task was conducted to measure non-native talkers' and listeners' phonological proficiency, and two levels of proficiency groups (high and low) participated in the experiment. The English liquids /l/ and /r/ produced by Chinese talkers were considered in terms of positions (syllable initial and final), contexts (segment, word and sentence) and lexical density (minimal vs. nonminimal pair) to see if these factors play a role in ISIIB-L. Results showed that both matched and mismatched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for listeners occurred except for the initial /l/. Non-native Chinese and Korean listeners, though only with high proficiency, were more accurate at identifying initial /r/, final /l/ and final /r/, but initial /l/ was significantly more intelligible to native listeners than non-native listeners. There was evidence of contextual and lexical density effects on ISIB-L. No ISIB-L was demonstrated in sentence context, but both matched and mismatched ISIB-L was observed in word context; this finding held true for only high proficiency listeners. Listeners recognized the targets better in the non-minimal pair (sparse density) environment than the minimal pair (higher density) environment. These findings suggest that ISIB-L for English liquids is influenced by talkers' and listeners' proficiency, syllable position in association with L1 and L2 phonological structure, context, and word neighborhood density.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2023

In this paper we obtain a new structure of a k-annihilating ideal hypergraph of a reduced ring R, by determine the order and size of a hypergraph 𝒜𝒢_k(R). Also we describe and count the degree of every nontrivial ideal of a ring R containing in vertex set 𝒜(R, k) of a hypergraph 𝒜𝒢_k(R). Furthermore, we prove the diameter of 𝒜𝒢_k(R) must be less than or equal to 2. Finally, we determine the minimal dominating set of a k-annihilating ideal hypergraph of a ring R.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

In this article, we first present an inductive taxonomy of national R&D structures in terms of relative R&D flows among prime actors. The R&D structure of Korea, along with the Japanese one, turns out to be an ill-balanced one characterized by the dominant role of private sector, vis-a-vis the minimal share of public R&D. In nature, private R&D is sensitive to business cycle and the vulnerability of the Korean structure has been invisible under prosperity but now is disclosed under depression. This problem is nothing new and indeed has long been recognized by the Korean government but the prescription seemed almost impossible. Ironically, the current economic crisis of Korea renders an unexpected opportunity for structural reform. As private firms are cutting down R&D investment, the relative share of public sector becomes significant. A simulation predicts that balanced systems will be achieved in some years if public R&D budget is kept up. Although the contraction of private R&D is by no means desirable, it is the right time for the Korean government to expand public R&D. Public R&D should be considered not only a remedy for market-failure but also a shock-absorber against cyclic instability. This is why the balance between public R&D and private R&D is emphasized.