• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회논문집
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 2003

Shaking table tests and pseudo-static analysis were performed, in this study, on newly-designed aseismatic L-type caisson quay walls, which were constructed by extending the bottom plate of gravity quay walls into the backfill soil. The L-type quay walls are expected to give economical benefits by reducing the cross-sectional area of the wall while maintaining its aseismatic efficiency as much as the classical caisson gravity quay wall. To confirm the effectiveness of the L-type structure, the geometry of L-type quay walls were varied for shaking table tests. And, to verify the influence of backfill soils on the seismic behavior of quay walls, additional shaking table tests were performed on the L-type quay wall after the backfill soils were replaced by gravels and light materials. As a result, it was found that L-type caisson quay walls are good earthquake resistant structures but increasing the length of bottom plate did not proportionally increase the effectiveness of the structure in its aseismatic performance. Replacing the backfill soils by the gravels and light materials, contrary to our expectation, was not an effective measure in improving the seismic performance of L-type caisson quay wall.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2000

the shaking table tests for 5 different model sections are performed to investigate the behaviors of quay walls during earthquakes and to evaluate the seismic performance of quay walls with countermeasures. 5 different model sections describe the cases of dense soil and loose soil in the foundation repectively the case to which gravel backfill was applied and the cases to which light material replacement method and sand compction pile method was applied repectively for sesmic countermeasure methods. Pore water pressures accelerations and deformations in quay walls and grounds are analyzed. As a result the softening of foundation and backfill soils have much influence on the behaviors of quay walls. Also light material replacement method and sand compaction pile method are effective in improving the seismic performance of quay walls.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2010

In this paper, a total stress analysis method for gravity quay walls is suggested. The method can evaluate the displacement of the quay walls considering the effect of excess pore pressure developed in backfill soils. This method changes the stiffness of backfill soils according to the expected magnitude of the excess pore pressure. For practical application, evaluation methods are suggested for determining the excess pore pressure ratio developed in the backfill soils and the backfill stiffness that corresponds to the excess pore pressure ratio. This method is important in practical applications because the displacement of the quay walls can be evaluated by using only the basic input properties in the total stress analysis. The applicability of the suggested method was verified by comparing the results of the analysis with the results of 1-g shaking table tests. From the comparison, it was found that the calculated displacements from the suggested method showed good agreement with the measured displacements of the quay walls. It was also found that the excess pore pressure in backfill soils is a governing influence on the dynamic behavior of quay walls.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.447-463
• /
• 2021

Caisson-type structures are widely used as quay walls in coastal areas. In Korea, for a long time, many caisson-type quay walls have been constructed with a low front water depth. These facilities can no longer meet the requirements of current development. This study developed a new technology for deepening existing caisson-type quay walls using grouting and rubble mound excavation to economically reuse them. With this technology, quay walls could be renovated by injecting grout into the rubble mound beneath the front toe of the caisson to secure its structure. Subsequently, a portion of the rubble mound was excavated to increase the front water depth. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the seismic behavior of a renovated quay wall in comparison to that of an existing quay wall using centrifuge tests and numerical simulations. Two centrifuge model tests at a scale of 1/120 were conducted on the quay walls before and after renovation. During the experiments, the displacements, accelerations, and earth pressures were measured under five consecutive earthquake input motions with increasing magnitudes. In addition, systematic numerical analyses of the centrifuge model tests were also conducted with the PLAXIS 2D finite element (FE) program using a nonlinear elastoplastic constitutive model. The displacements of the caisson, response accelerations, deformed shape of the quay wall, and earth pressures were investigated in detail based on a comparison of the numerical and experimental results. The results demonstrated that the motion of the caisson changed after renovation, and its displacement decreased significantly. The comparison between the FE models and centrifuge test results showed good agreement. This indicated that renovation was technically feasible, and it could be considered to study further by testbed before applying in practice.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2000

항만시설에서 발생하는 지진에 의한 피해의 대부분은 매립지반의 액상화에 기인하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 국내 대형항만의 안벽은 대부분 중력식 안벽으로 설계.시공되고 있으며, 이러한 중력식 안벽은 조성된 배후 지반의 액상화에 취약하여 지진 발생시 액상화로 인한 대규모의 파괴가 발생한 사례가 많이 보고된 바 있다. 최근 기존에 시공된 중력식 안벽구조물의 내진성능을 향상시키기 위해 다양한 공법이 제안되고 있지만, 그 효율성에 대한 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 이번 연구에서는 기존 안벽의 내진보강공법으로 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 내진안벽 형식에 대한 내진보강 성능을 평가하였다. 이 논문에서는 내진보강안벽의 내진보강 성능을 평가하기 이해 수치해석적 측면에서 케이슨식 안벽의 내진보강 성능을 평가하였으며, 동일한 단면에 대해 실시된 진동대시험 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.379-389
• /
• 2010

It is very important to determine a target probability of failure in reliability based design such as an allowable factor of safety in working stress design because they are indices to judge the stability of structures. We have carried out reliability analyses of nationwide gravity type quay walls and found that sliding and foundation failures of quay walls were dominant failure modes for every case of loads. And a target probability of failure for bearing capacity of foundation of quay wall was also determined in this study. Of several approaches which have been suggested until now, a couple of reasonable approaches were used. Firstly, in order to consider the safety margin of structures which have been executed so far, the reliability levels of existing structures were assessed. And then a mean probability of failure for the quay walls was estimated. In addition, life cycle cost(LCC) analyses for representative structures were performed. Probabilities of failure for several quay walls were calculated with changing the width of each quay wall section. LCC of quay wall which is requiring case by case during the service life was evaluated, and also the optimum probability of failure of quay wall which minimizes LCC was found. Finally, reasonable target probabilities of failure were suggested by comparing with mean probability of failure of existing structures.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2015

In shipbuling processes, a quay wall is a major resource for additional operations after an erection operation at dock. A quay wall is becoming a new bottleneck instead of docks, while ship types with long operation time at quay wall are increasing recently. We developed a quay wall scheduling algorithm for the quayside operations of ships in this paper. The objective function is to minimize the sum of not assigned days of ships which have to be assigned to any quay wall under limited numbers of quay walls. The scheduling algorithm is based on an assignment method to assign each ship to a quay wall among its alternative quay walls at the time of launching or moving to another quay wall. The scheduling algorithm is also using Tabu Search algorithm to optimize assignment sequence of ships. The experiment shows that the algorithms in this paper are effective to make schedule of the quayside operations of ships.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2000

항만시설에서 발생하는 지진에 의한 피해의 대부분은 매립지반의 액상화에 기인하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 국내 대형 항만의 안벽은 대부분 중력식 안벽으로 설계·시공되고 있으며, 이러한 중력식 안벽은 조성된 배후 지반이 액상화에 취약하여 지진 발생시 액상화로 인한 대규모의 파괴가 발생한 사례가 많이 보고된 바 있다. 이번 연구에서는 현재 건설 중인 대형 항만의 안벽 배후지에 대한 액상화평가를 실시함에 있어서 일관되고 합리적인 시험과 평가과정을 통해 액상화에 대한 지반의 안정성을 검토하였다. 또한, 국내 시방서에서 사용하고 있는 액상화예측 모델과 일본 시방서에사 사용하고 있는 액상화예측 모델을 각각 적용하여 그 차이를 검토하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.107-121
• /
• 2003

중력식 안벽의 내진 안정성을 분석할 때, 중력식 안벽에 발생하는 하중성분의 크기와 위상관계를 명확히 결정하는 것이 중요하다. 일반적으로 안벽에 발생하는 하중성분은 안벽 관성력, 토압 그리고 수압으로 구성되어 있으며, 각 하중성분들의 크기와 위상관계는 배면지반에 발생하는 과잉간극수압의 크기에 따라 변한다. 벽체배면과 뒤채움 토체 사이의 접촉면에서 발생하는 동적작용력은 이러한 힘들의 상호작용에 의하여 발생한다 본 연구에서는 벽체 작용하중 산정식들로부터 구한 각 하중성분들의 크기를 조합하여 배면 동적작용력의 크기와 위상변화를 배면 과잉간극수압의 함수로써 산정하는 간단한 하중산정 모델을 제안하였으며, 진동대 실험결과와 이 모델의 예측결과를 비교하여 모델의 적용성을 검증하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.403-413
• /
• 2021

As the size of ships increases, the size and output power of their thrusters also increase. When a large ship berths or unberths, the jet flow produced from its thruster has an adverse effect on the stability of quay walls. In this study, we conducted a numerical analysis to examine the impact of the thruster jet flow of a 30,000 TEU container ship, which is expected to be built in the near future, on the stability of a quay wall. In the numerical simulation, we used the fluid-structure interaction analysis technique of LS-DYNA, which is calculated by the overlapping capability using an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation and Euler-Lagrange coupling algorithm with an explicit finite element method. As the ship approached the quay wall and the vertical position of the thruster approached the mound of the quay wall, the jet flow directly affected the foot-protection blocks and armor stones. The movement and separation of the foot-protection blocks and armor stones were confirmed in the area affected directly by the thruster jet flow of the container ship. Therefore, the thruster jet flows of ultra-large ships must be considered when planning and designing ports. In addition, the stability of existing port structures must be evaluated.