• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 2001

Acetanilide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 2,300 tons/year in Korea as of 1998 survey. Most is used as an intermediate for synthesis of pharmaceuticals and dyes. The chemical is one of seven chemicals, which are under the frame of OECD SIDS program sponsored by National Institute of Environmental Research of Korea. Regarding the information on the environmental fate. bioconcentration is one of important factor to estimate the environmental tranfer. However, measurement of bioconcentration needs high expense and time. For this reason, OECD recommends to use BCFWIN model to estimate bioconcentration of organic chemicals, BCFWIN estimates the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of an organic compound using the log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of the compound. Structures are entered into BCFWIN through SMITES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) notations. The BCFWIN method classifies a compound as either ionic or non-ionic. ionic compounds include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and salts of sulfonic acids, and charged nitrogen compounds (nitrogen with a + 5 valence such as quaternary ammonium compounds). All other compounds are classified as non-ionic. In this study, bioaccumulation of acetanilide was estimated using BCFWIN model based on SMIIES notation, chemical name data and partition coefficient as one of environmental fate/distribution of the chemical elements.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.671-677
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• 2005

Conformity to legal permission standard of $5\;log_{10}$ CFU/mL reduction of foodborne pathogens or spoilage bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aruginosa, and Enterococcus hirae was examined in 11 domestic commercial sanitizers and disinfectant. One chlorine compound, two iodophor compounds, two peroxide compounds, and three quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) met advised standard concentration (100%), showing $7\;log_{10}$ CFU/mL reduction, and met legal standard by $5-6\;log_{10}$ CFU/mL reduction at 75% of advised standard concentration. At 10% dilution, one chlorine compound, one iodophor compound, two peroxide compounds, and two QACs satisfied legal standard.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2020

This work presents the results of laboratory scale tests of the CARBOFLUOREX (CARBOnate FLUORide EXtraction) process - a novel technology for the recovery of U and Pu from the solid fluorides residue (fluorination ash) of Fluoride Volatility Method (FVM) reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). To study the oxidative leaching of U from the fluorination ash (FA) by Na₂CO₃ or Na₂CO₃-H₂O₂ solutions followed by solvent extraction by methyltrioctylammonium carbonate in toluene and purification of U from the fission products (FPs) impurities we used a surrogate of FA consisting of UF₄ or UO₂F₂, and FPs fluorides with stable isotopes of Ce, Zr, Sr, Ba, Cs, Fe, Cr, Ni, La, Nd, Pr, Sm. Purification factors of U from impurities at the solvent extraction refining stage reached the values of 10⁴-10⁵, and up to 10⁶ upon the completion of the processing cycle. Obtained results showed a high efficiency of the CARBOFLUOREX process for recovery and separating of U from FPs contained in FA, which allows completing of the FVM cycle with recovery of U and Pu from hardly processed FA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1999

In order to investigate the composition and the actual status of extractive nitrogenous compounds in the fresh 'Gae-bul' (echiuroid), a kind of echiurida (Urechis unicinctus), the extract was analyzed separately into extractive nitrogen, free amino acids (FAAs), oligopeptides, nucleotides and related compounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds, using specimens collected at fish market in April 1988. The extractive nitrogen of echiuroid was $601{\sim}610mg/100g$. Thirty-two kinds of FAAs were found, and the total of them in it was $2,437{\sim}2,609\;mg$. Glycine, alanine, taurine, and serine were the major FAAs in the echiuroid extracts. The large amount of glycine $(1,075{\sim}1,171mg)$ was noted in the extract. The sum of ATP and its related compounds was $3.04{\sim}3.12\;{\mu}mol/g$, and predominant compound was the AMP. Besides, CTP, GTP, UTP and their related compounds were also detected, and the total amount of them was $1.92{\sim}3.74\;{\mu}mol/g$. The lower homarine, trigonelline, TMAO, TMA, and creatine were detected in the extracts. The extractive nitrogenous constituents of medium size and large size echiuroid were almost the same level each other. The total nitrogens of the compounds analyzed for each samples accounted for more than 90% of the extractive nitrogen in this study.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.317-322
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• 2022

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic contagious disease in small ruminants. The prevalence of CLA has been reported to be >50% in Korean black goats. CLA is difficult to control due to a lack of efficient vaccines and treatment methods. Effective disinfection of the farm environment may be an alternative strategy for reducing the spread of C. pseudotuberculosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of commercial disinfectants against CLA. The six commercial disinfectants, largely composed of sodium dichloroisocyanurate, sodium hypochlorite, potassium monopersulfate triple salt, quaternary ammonium, citric acid, and copper sulfate, were tested against five different genotypes of C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from goat farms in Korea. Efficacy tests were performed in accordance with the disinfectant efficacy test guidelines recommended by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea with slight modifications. All disinfectants except for copper sulfate exhibited >99.99% killing efficacy under hard water conditions following 30 min of incubation, which is the recommended standard treatment time according to guidelines. The minimum bactericidal treatment time was evaluated by employing treatments for durations of 1, 5, and 15 min. The most effective compounds under hard water conditions were sodium dichloroisocyanurate, potassium monopersulfate triple salt, and sodium hypochlorite, exhibiting >99.99% killing efficacy after 1 min of treatment. In the aqueous solution forms, citric acid and the quaternary ammonium compound were the most effective, but required at least 5 min to kill >99.99% of the bacteria. The current study characterizes the killing efficacy of six commercial disinfectant active compounds against C. pseudotuberculosis. Thus, this study provides essential information regarding the efficacy of the disinfectants used to control CLA in goat farms.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.394-402
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• 2001

In order to investigate the composition of dried layer, Porphyra yezoensis cultured at the south coast of Korea, the dried laver was analyzed separately for extractive nitrogen, free and combined amino acids, ATP and related compounds and quaternary ammonium basis using specimens collected monthly from January to April 1998. The extractive nitrogen contents of dried layer extracts were $976\~1,196\;mg/100\;g$ (on dry basis). Twenty-eight to thirty-one kinds of free amino acids were found in the dried laver extracts and their total amounts were 5,648-6,845 mg/100 g (on dry basis). The extracts were rich in free amino acids such as alanine, glutamic acid, taurine, phosphoserine and aspartic acid. Eighteen to twenty-two kinds of combined amino acids from oligopeptides were found in the extracts and their total amounts were $1,194\~1,406\;mg/100\;g$ (on dry basis). The amounts of ATP and related compounds were $111.6\~195.5\;mg/100\;g\;(3.30\~6.00{\mu}mol/g$ on dry basis). Homarine was detected in all samples but glycinebetaine, $\beta$-alaninebetaine and $\gamma$-butyrobetaine disappeared during processing, TMAO was detected in all samples but low TMA was found in some. During processing of dried layer, P. yezoensis, free amino acids, ATP and its related compounds were increased but the other constituents such as combined amino acids, TMAO and TMA and betaines were decreased in all specimens.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.403-411
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• 2001

In order to investigate the composition of dried layer, Porphyra dentata cultured at the south coast of Korea, the dried layer was analyzed for extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, combined amino acids, ATP and its related compounds and quaternary ammonium basis, The extractive nitrogen contents of dried laver extracts were 670-1,304 mg/100 g (on dry basis). From twenty-eight to twenty-nine kinds of free amino acids were found in the dried laver extracts and their total amounts were $2,796\~6,277\;mg/100\;g$ (on dry basis). The extracts were rich in free amino acids such as alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, glutamine and phosphoserine, From eighteen to twenty-one kinds of combined amino acids were found in the extracts and their total amounts were $1,406\~2,142\;mg/100\;g$ (on dry basis). The amounts of ATP and its related compounds were $65.7\~124,7\;mg/100\;g(2.13\sim3.68{\mu}mol/g$ on dry basis), Homarine was detected in all samples but $\beta$-alaninebetaine, $\gamma$-bufobetaine and trigonelline disappeared during processing. TMAO and TMA were detected in all samples. During processing of dried layer, free amino acids, TMAO and TMA were increased but the other constituents such as combined amino acids, ATP and its related compounds and betaines were decreased in all specimens.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 1995

Extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, oligopeptides, nucleotides and related compounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds were analyzed to evaluate quality of anchovy sauce. The commercial products contained low proximate composition, extractive nitrogen and other extractive components, than the experimentally prepared anchovy sauce. Both samples, commercial products and experimentally prepared anchovy sauce, were rich in free amino acids, such as glutamic acid, leucine, alanine, lysine, and aspartic acid. The extractive nitrogenous components which consist of total nucleotides and related compounds, total free amino acids, methionine, isoleucine, valine, taurine, tyrosine, histidine, leucine, aspartic acid, cystine, and lysine, showed significant correlation(p<0.01) with extractive nitrogen. Possibly, seven kinds of free amino acids such as methionine, isoleucine, valine, taurine, tyrosine, histidine, and leucine, might be recommend as quality indices of standardization for anchovy sauce.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.954-961
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• 2002

Extracts of raw bloody clams, broughton's ribbed ark (Scaphrca broughtonii), subcrenated ark (S. subcrenata), and granulated ark (Tegillarca granosa), were analyzed and compared foe extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, combined amino acids, ATP and related compounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds. The contents of extractive nitrogen in broughton's ribbed ark, subcrenated ark, and granulated ark were 479, 506, and 432 mg/100 g, respectively. Twenty-eight or twenty-nine types of free amino acids were detected in all three extracts, among which taurine, ${\beta}-alanine$, glutamic acid, and alanine were the major ones. The composition of the major extractive components such as free amino acids, combined amino acids, ATP and related compounds, TMAO, TMA, and creatine in the extracts were similar among the extracts, but their contents were different.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.343-349
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• 2007

This study examined the effective utilization of pearl processing by-products. Three extracts of hot-water extract (WE), hydro-cooked extract (HE), and two-step enzymatic hydrolysate (EH) were prepared from pearl oyster muscle, and their characteristics were examined. The moisture, crude protein, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and amino-N contents were 97.5-98.0%, 0.5-1.3%, 2.1-4.9 g/100 mL, and 35.0-74.5 g/100 mL, respectively. EH had the lowest VBN and highest amino-N contents. In addition, EH had the highest yields. In terms of its functional properties, EH inhibited angiotensin-I converting enzyme ($IC_{50}$, 1.39 mg/mL) more strongly than the other extracts ($IC_{50}$, 4.17-7.95 mg/mL). The free amino acid contents of WE, HE, and EH were 661, 470 and 1,150 mg/100 mL, respectively. Major amino acids were taurine and glutamic acid. Major inorganic ions were Na, Mg, and Ca. Contents of taste compounds, such as free amino acids, inorganic ions, and quaternary ammonium bases, differed significantly according to the extract methods. Based on the results of chemical experiments and sensory evaluation, the quality of EH was superior to the other extracts, and EH is suitable for use in natural flavoring materials.