• 제목/요약/키워드: quantitative research methods

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근육 식품 중의 diethylstibestrol과 zeranol 분석법 (Analytical Methods for Diethylstibestrol and Zeranol in Muscle Foods)

  • 하재호
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.385-389
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    • 2002
  • 성장 촉진 호르몬제인 DES와 zeranol의 분석을 위한 조건을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 질량분석기의 SIM에서 선택한 이온 중 DES는 $M^+$ 416, $D_8DES$$M^+$ 420, ${\beta}-estradiol$$M^+$ 416, zeranol은 $M^+$ 433이 가장 좋은 응신비를 나타내었고 이들 이온을 선택할 경우 효율적으로 분석이 가능하였다. 강 음이온 교환수지인 Dowex $2{\times}8$, 400 mesh 칼럼 1 cc에 통과시킨 경우 방해물질이 효율적으로 제거되었고 회수율이 가장 높았다. $D_8DES$을 내부표준물질로 사용하여 회수율을 측정한 결과 DES는 $85{\sim}110%$이었고, zeranol은 $75{\sim}110%$이었으며 ${\beta}-estradiol$을 내부표준물질로 사용한 경우 DES의 회수율은 $82{\sim}105%$, zeranol은 $65{\sim}120%$이었다. 또한 $D_8DES$ 대신에 ${\beta}-estradiol$을 내부표준물질로 사용하여 DES와 zeranol을 분석하는 것이 가능하였다. DES와 zeranol의 LOD를 측정한 결과 각각 0.05 ng/g, 0.2 ng/g었으며 LOQ를 측정할 결과 DES는 0.5 ng/g, zeranol은 1.0 ng/g이었다. 국내산과 수입산 쇠고기, 국내산 돼지고기, 닭고기, 오리고기, 양식광어와 양식 송어를 분석한 결과 DES와 zeranol은 잔류되지 않았다.

중학생의 창의적 문제해결력과 협업 능력 함양을 위한 바느질실습 프로그램 개발 및 적용 (The Development and Application of Sewing Practice Program for Improvement of Middle School Students' Creative Problem Solving Ability and Collaborative Ability)

  • 김상미;권영숙
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.195-213
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구의 목적은 바느질실습 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 중학생의 창의적 문제해결력 및 협업 능력에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구 대상은 중학교 1학년 학생들이고, 연구 설계는 사전-사후 통제 집단 설계를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창의적 문제해결력의 하위 요소인 확산적 사고력과 설득력에서 실험 집단의 학생이 통제 집단의 학생에 비해 사후검사 점수가 유의하게 높게 향상을 보여, 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 부분적이나마 중학생의 창의적 문제해결력 함양에 미치는 효과를 입증하였다. 질적 분석 결과, 창의적 문제해결력은 '다양한 아이디어 생성', '창의적 아이디어의 재탄생', '자기주도적 학습', '능동적인 문제 해결', '즉각적인 피드백'의 학습 경험과 연관이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 실험 집단의 학생이 통제 집단의 학생에 비해 협업 능력에서 사후검사 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타나 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 중학생의 협업 능력 함양에 미치는 효과를 입증하였다. 질적 분석 결과 협업 능력은 '긍정적인 모둠 분위기 형성', '모둠원과의 지속적인 상호작용', '함께 활동하기'의 학습 경험과 연관이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 이 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 연구의 목적을 달성하는 데 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 학생 중심의 바느질실습 수업을 설계하여 수업의 효과를 양적 분석방법과 질적 분석방법을 혼합하여 심층적으로 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Colonic Permeability and Inflammation in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model

  • Song, Chin-Hee;Kim, Nayoung;Sohn, Sung Hwa;Lee, Sun Min;Nam, Ryoung Hee;Na, Hee Young;Lee, Dong Ho;Surh, Young-Joon
    • Gut and Liver
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.682-693
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    • 2018
  • Background/Aims: Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis. This dysfunction is caused by increased permeability and the loss of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether estradiol treatment reduces colonic permeability, tight junction disruption, and inflammation in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colon cancer mouse model. Methods: The effects of $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) were evaluated in ICR male mice 4 weeks after AOM/DSS treatment. Histological damage was scored by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the levels of the colonic mucosal cytokine myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the effects of E2 on intestinal permeability, tight junctions, and inflammation, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the expression levels of mucin 2 (MUC2) and mucin 4 (MUC4) were measured as target genes for intestinal permeability, whereas zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin (OCLN), and claudin 4 (CLDN4) served as target genes for the tight junctions. Results: The colitis-mediated induced damage score and MPO activity were reduced by E2 treatment (p<0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier-related molecules (i.e., MUC2, ZO-1, OCLN, and CLDN4) were decreased by AOM/DSS-treatment; furthermore, this inhibition was rescued by E2 supplementation. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammation-related genes (i.e., KLF4, NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, and COX-2) was increased by AOM/DSS-treatment and ameliorated by E2. Conclusions: E2 acts through the estrogen receptor ${\beta}$ signaling pathway to elicit anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier by inducing the expression of MUC2 and tight junction molecules and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Differential Hrd1 Expression and B-Cell Accumulation in Eosinophilic and Non-eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

  • Chen, Kun;Han, Miaomiao;Tang, Mengyao;Xie, Yadong;Lai, Yuting;Hu, Xianting;Zhang, Jia;Yang, Jun;Li, Huabin
    • Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.698-715
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Hrd1 has recently emerged as a critical regulator of B-cells in autoimmune diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation and their possible roles in CRSwNP. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting were used to assess gene and protein expression in nasal tissue extracts. Cells isolated from nasal tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Local antibody production was measured in tissue extracts with a Bio-Plex assay. Additionally, changes in Hrd1 expression in response to specific inflammatory stimuli were measured in cultured dispersed polyp cells. Results: Nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) had increased levels of Hrd1, B-cells and plasma cells compared with NPs from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRS) or other control subjects (P < 0.05). The average Hrd1 levels in B-cells in NPs from ECRS patients were significantly higher than those from non-ECRS patients and control subjects (P < 0.05). NPs also contained significantly increased levels of several antibody isotypes compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Hrd1 expression in cultured polyp cells from ECRS patients, but not non-ECRS patients, was significantly increased by interleukin-$1{\beta}$, lipopolysaccharide and Poly(I:C) stimulation, and inhibited by dexamethasone treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Differential Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation between the ECRS and non-ECRS subsets suggests that they can exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms and play important roles in NP.

The enhancing effect of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruit extract on the antibacterial activity of porcine alveolar 3D4/31 macrophages via nuclear factor kappa B1 and lipid metabolism regulation

  • Hwang, Eunmi;Kim, Gye Won;Song, Ki Duk;Lee, Hak-Kyo;Kim, Sung-Jo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제32권11호
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    • pp.1776-1788
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    • 2019
  • Objective: The demands for measures to improve disease resistance and productivity of livestock are increasing, as most countries prohibit the addition of antibiotics to feed. This study therefore aimed to uncover functional feed additives to help enhance livestock immunity and disease resistance, using Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruit extract (ASF). Methods: ASF was extracted with 70% EtOH, and total polyphenolic and catechin contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu and vanillin assay, respectively. The 3D4/31 porcine macrophage cells ($M{\Phi}$) were activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and cell survival and growth rate were measured with or without ASF treatment. Flow-cytometric analysis determined the lysosomal activity, reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), and cell cycle distribution. Nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein expression levels were quantified by western blotting and densitometry analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure the lipid metabolism-related genes expression level. Lastly, the antibacterial activity of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$ cells was evaluated by the colony forming unit assay. Results: ASF upregulated the cell viability and growth rate of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$, with or without PMA activation. Moreover, lysosomal activity and intracellular ROS levels were increased after ASF exposure. In addition, the antioxidant enzyme SOD2 expression levels were proportionately increased with ROS levels. Both ASF and PMA treatment resulted in upregulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ protein, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\alpha}$ mRNA expression levels, lipid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation metabolism. Interestingly, co-treatment of ASF with PMA resulted in recovery of $NF-{\kappa}B$, $TNF{\alpha}$, and lipid metabolism levels. Finally, ASF pretreatment enhanced the in vitro bactericidal activity of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$ against Escherichia coli. Conclusion: This study provides a novel insight into the regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity and lipid metabolism in $M{\Phi}$, and we anticipate that ASF has the potential to be effective as a feed additive to enhance livestock immunity.

상품성 제고를 위한 고구마 수확 후 관리 및 출하기술 (Postharvest Handling and Marketing Management for Making High Salability of Sweetpotatoes)

  • Jeong, Byeong-Choon
    • 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식품저장유통학회 2001년도 임시총회 및 제18차 학술발표회 발표논문초록집
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    • pp.51-64
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    • 2001
  • The qualities including taste of sweetpotato stored during the winter which can display in the spring market in Korea are affected by availability of storage for the roots. In order to make high storage availability of sweetpotato, the postharvest handlings should be done thoroughly from the moment of harvest until shipping them to the market. A lot of procedures that must be handled carefully for improving postharvest management are as follows; digging, trimming, gathering, putting in storage containers, carrying them from field to house, curing, storing, washing, drying, selecting marketable roots, packing and shipping to the market, etc.. Sweetpotatoes have a high moisture content, and a relatively thin and delicate skin, and are sensitive to chilling, so careless postharvest handling can lead to both quantitative and qualitative losses which may be extremely high in some circumstances. From now on research has concentrated on the improvement of postharvest conditions to increase yield and lower disease rates. Storage, which makes sweetpotatoes available through out the year, benefits both the producer and the consumer. Seven very important points must be needed in order to get the best quality marketable roots in the storing of sweetpotatos : $\circled1$The storage house must be clean and sanitary, $\circled2$The crop must be harvested before the first frost to avoid low-temperature injury, $\circled3$Particular care must be taken to avoid cutting, bruising, or other injuries of the sweetpotatoes during digging, picking up, grading, placing in containers, and moving to the storage house, $\circled4$Select sound, disease-free roots for storage $\circled5$Sweetpotatoes should be stored in properly stacked containers $\circled6$Cure immediately after harvest, preferably at 32∼33$^{\circ}C$ and 90 to 95 percent relative humidity for 4 to 7 days, After curing the temperature should be reduced to 13$^{\circ}C$ to 16$^{\circ}C$ by ventilating the storage with outside air. $\circled7$Store at 12$^{\circ}C$ to 14$^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 80 to 85 percent. Storage houses should be located on suitable sites and should be tightly constructed and insulated so that temperature and humidity will be uniform. Sweetpotatoes are usually not washed and graded, and lately sometimes washed, graded, waxed, before being shipped to market. Consumer packaging of sweetpotatoes in paper boxes(10-15kg) or film bags is done mainly to aid marketing. The shelf life of washed roots in consumer packs in only 1 to 2 weeks. Weight loss of roots during marketing is much less in perforated film bags than in mesh and paper bags. Perforation of 0.8 to 1kg polyethylene bags with about six 6mm holes is essential ; to lower the internal relative humidity and avoid excessive sprouting, rooting, and dampness. Development and use of better postharvest handling with good storage facilities or marketing methods can minimize sweetpotate losses and has an effect of indirectly increasing productivity and farmer’s income.

농경지 관측을 위한 KOMPSAT 대기보정 적용 및 평가 (Application of Atmospheric Correction to KOMPSAT for Agriculture Monitoring)

  • 안호용;류재현;나상일;소규호;이경도
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제37권6_3호
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    • pp.1951-1963
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    • 2021
  • 농업환경 모니터링에서 지구관측위성을 활용한 원격탐사 자료는 시·공간적 그리고 효율성 측면에서 다른 방법에 비해 많은 이점을 가진다. 위성에 탑재된 센서는 태양광이 지표면에 반사되어 들어오는 에너지를 측정하므로, 지구의 대기에 의해 산란·흡수·반사되는 과정에서 잡음이 발생한다. 따라서 지표면에 반사되는 에너지(복사휘도)를 정확히 측정하기 위해서는 대기의 효과에 의한 잡음을 제거해야하는 대기보정이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 KOMPSAT-3 위성의 대기보정 적용 및 농업분야 활용성 평가를 위해 대기보정 민감도 분석, 위성 상호간 교차 분석, 지상관측자료와 비교 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 모든 경우에서 대기보정 후 표면 반사율이 대기보정 전 TOA 반사율 보다 상호 일치율이 높게 나타났으며 동일한 기준의 시계열 식생지수 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 대기입력 파라미터의 민감도 및 위성촬영각(Tilt)에 대한 정량적인 분석을 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

Dietary glucosinolates inhibit splenic inflammation in high fat/cholesterol diet-fed C57BL/6 mice

  • Gu, HyunJi;Gwon, Min-Hee;Kim, Sang-Min;Yun, Jung-Mi
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.798-806
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    • 2021
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system and has an important role in immunity. Obesity-induced inflammatory responses are triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) pathway signaling. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), major dietary glucosinolates present in cruciferous vegetables, have been reported to produce anti-inflammatory effects on various diseases. However, the effects of PEITC and DIM on the obesity-induced inflammatory response in the spleen are unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of PEITC and DIM on the spleen and their mechanism in high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: We established an animal model of HFCD-induced obesity using C57BL/6 mice. The mice were divided into six groups: normal diet with AIN-93G diet (CON), high fat diet (60% calories from fat) with 1% cholesterol (HFCD), HFCD with PEITC 30 mg/kg/day or 75 mg/kg/day (HFCD+P30, HFCD+P75), and HFCD with DIM 1.5 mg/kg/day or 7.5 mg/kg/day (HFCD+D1.5, HFCD+D7.5). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze protein and mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, interleukin 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 in spleen tissue. RESULTS: Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the HFCD group than in groups fed a HFCD with PEITC or DIM. Levels of NF-κB p65 protein and TLR2/4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, IL-6, and COX-2 mRNA were significantly higher in the HFCD group than in the CON group and were reduced by the PEITC and DIM supplements. CONCLUSIONS: PEITC- and DIM-supplemented diets improved splenic inflammation by modulating the TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway in HFCD-fed mice. We suggest that dietary glucosinolates may at least partially improve obesity-induced inflammation of the spleen.

Isolation and identification of goose skeletal muscle satellite cells and preliminary study on the function of C1q and tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 gene

  • Wang, Han;He, Ke;Zeng, Xuehua;Zhou, Xiaolong;Yan, Feifei;Yang, Songbai;Zhao, Ayong
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.1078-1087
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    • 2021
  • Objective: Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) are significant for the growth, regeneration, and maintenance of skeletal muscle after birth. However, currently, few studies have been performed on the isolation, culture and inducing differentiation of goose muscle satellite cells. Previous studies have shown that C1q and tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) participated in the process of muscle growth and development, but its role in the goose skeletal muscle development is not yet clear. This study aimed to isolate, culture, and identify the goose SMSCs in vitro. Additionally, to explore the function of CTRP3 in goose SMSCs. Methods: Goose SMSCs were isolated using 0.25% trypsin from leg muscle (LM) of 15 to 20 day fertilized goose eggs. Cell differentiation was induced by transferring the cells to differentiation medium with 2% horse serum and 1% penicillin streptomycin. Immunofluorescence staining of Desmin and Pax7 was used to identify goose SMSCs. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction and western blot were applied to explore developmental expression profile of CTRP3 in LM and the regulation of CTRP3 on myosin heavy chains (MyHC), myogenin (MyoG) expression and Notch signaling pathway related genes expression. Results: The goose SMSCs were successfully isolated and cultured. The expression of Pax7 and Desmin were observed in the isolated cells. The expression of CTRP3 decreased significantly during leg muscle development. Overexpression of CTRP3 could enhance the expression of two myogenic differentiation marker genes, MyHC and MyoG. But knockdown of CTRP3 suppressed their expression. Furthermore, CTRP3 could repress the mRNA level of Notch signaling pathway-related genes, notch receptor 1, notch receptor 2 and hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 1, which previously showed a negative regulation in myoblast differentiation. Conclusion: These findings provide a useful cell model for the future research on goose muscle development and suggest that CTRP3 may play an essential role in skeletal muscle growth of goose.

Low-Tube-Voltage CT Urography Using Low-Concentration-Iodine Contrast Media and Iterative Reconstruction: A Multi-Institutional Randomized Controlled Trial for Comparison with Conventional CT Urography

  • Kim, Sang Youn;Cho, Jeong Yeon;Lee, Joongyub;Hwang, Sung Il;Moon, Min Hoan;Lee, Eun Ju;Hong, Seong Sook;Kim, Chan Kyo;Kim, Kyeong Ah;Park, Sung Bin;Sung, Deuk Jae;Kim, Yongsoo;Kim, You Me;Jung, Sung Il;Rha, Sung Eun;Kim, Dong Won;Lee, Hyun;Shim, Youngsup;Hwang, Inpyeong;Woo, Sungmin;Choi, Hyuck Jae
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.1119-1129
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    • 2018
  • Objective: To compare the image quality of low-tube-voltage and low-iodine-concentration-contrast-medium (LVLC) computed tomography urography (CTU) with iterative reconstruction (IR) with that of conventional CTU. Materials and Methods: This prospective, multi-institutional, randomized controlled trial was performed at 16 hospitals using CT scanners from various vendors. Patients were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) the LVLC-CTU (80 kVp and 240 mgI/mL) with IR group and 2) the conventional CTU (120 kVp and 350 mgI/mL) with filtered-back projection group. The overall diagnostic acceptability, sharpness, and noise were assessed. Additionally, the mean attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and figure of merit (FOM) in the urinary tract were evaluated. Results: The study included 299 patients (LVLC-CTU group: 150 patients; conventional CTU group: 149 patients). The LVLC-CTU group had a significantly lower effective radiation dose ($5.73{\pm}4.04$ vs. $8.43{\pm}4.38mSv$) compared to the conventional CTU group. LVLC-CTU showed at least standard diagnostic acceptability (score ${\geq}3$), but it was non-inferior when compared to conventional CTU. The mean attenuation value, mean SNR, CNR, and FOM in all pre-defined segments of the urinary tract were significantly higher in the LVLC-CTU group than in the conventional CTU group. Conclusion: The diagnostic acceptability and quantitative image quality of LVLC-CTU with IR are not inferior to those of conventional CTU. Additionally, LVLC-CTU with IR is beneficial because both radiation exposure and total iodine load are reduced.