• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.381-388
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the levels of natural preservatives of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid in spices. The quantitative analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for benzoic acid and sorbic acid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for propionic acid. The sample was extracted with ethanol using sonication, then centrifuged and evaporated to dryness and redissolved to 1 mL with ethanol to use for the instrumental analysis. The analytical method was validated based on linearity, recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). This method was suitable to determine low amounts of naturally occurring preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid) in various spices. Benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid were found in 165 samples, 88 samples, and 398 samples, respectively from the total of 493 samples. The concentration of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid were ranged at ND-391.99 mg/L, ND-57.70 mg/L, and ND-188.21 mg/L in spices, respectively. The highest mean levels of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid were found in cinnamon (167.15 mg/L), basil leaves (22.79 mg/L), and white pepper (51.48 mg/L), respectively. The results in this study provide ranges of concentration regarding naturally occurring benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid in spices. Moreover, the results may use to the case of consumer complaint or trade friction due to the inspection services of standard criteria for the preservatives of spices.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2010

Currently, in vitro suspension tests using tubes are used as a authorized test method for sanitizers and disinfectants. However, the methods could not accurately assess the efficacy of sanitizers and disinfectant on the food-contacted surfaces in the field. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 5 kinds of representative sanitizers and disinfectants against E. coli and S. aureus to compare three quantitative surface testing methods that have been internationally standardized. As a result, the ASTM E2111-05 (ASTM(1)) test method obtained 5.18 $\pm$ 0.03 and 5.27 $\pm$ 0.04 log cfu/carrier reduction in dealing with E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, the ASTM E2197-02 (ASTM(2)) test method obtained 4.63 $\pm$ 0.04 and 3.97 $\pm$ 0.03 log cfu/carrier reduction and the CEN EN 13697 test method should 6.14 $\pm$ 0.05 and 5.31 $\pm$ 0.10 log cfu/carrier reduction in clean condition (CEN(1)) but 4.37 $\pm$ 0.02 and 4.06 $\pm$ 0.01 log cfu/carrier reduction in dirty condition (CEN(2)). Among them, CEN(1) showed the highest bactericidal effects, whereas ASTM(2) and CEN(2) revealed low performance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the bactericidal effects of the ASTM(2) method and the CEN EN 13697 method adopting stainless steel were lower than the ASTM(1) method, which uses glass. The effectiveness assessment results among nationally accredited test methods were different each other. This implies that they could not fit for in the accurate evaluation of sanitization and disinfection on food-contact surfaces in practical food-processing fields. These results could be used as a basic data for establishment of an official surface test methods applicable in the field.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8479-8486
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• 2015

This study aim is occur in brain CT cause of beam hardening effect and reducing method, We will scan Bone opaque bead phantom on variation of image on the influence factor with equipment called 'Samatom Senation 16' with following listed herein : tube voltage, tube current, slice thickness, gantry angle, base line which affect beam-hardening effect. After that we are going to start Quantitative Analysis resulted in previous scanning and Qualitative Assessment with CT image sheet evaluation. result of quantitative analysis 140kVp $31.56{\pm}2.89HU$ on tube voltage, 150mA $-3.87{\pm}0.12HU$ on tube current, 3mm on slice thickness, and $13.31{\pm}1.03HU$ IOML on gantry angle which was the least beam-hardening effect. Like Qualitative Analysis, we went through Qualitative Assessment and most of valuers got a result of 140kVp on tube voltage, 150mA on tube current, 3mm on slice thickness. As before valuers evaluated gantry angle that scanned image from IOML or OML was the least beam-hardening effect occured. There are meaningful differences when we compare all theses factors statistically(P<0.05). therefore We consider that Minimizing artifact that caused by beam-hardening effect can provide better quality of image to deciphers and patients. if we rise tube voltage in permissible dose limit, set tube current in a limit that does not effect to image quality, use slice thickness too thin enough to harm resolution, use IOML or OML on gantry angle.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

The domestic tourism industry mostly relies on quantitative surveys for customer satisfaction. However, customer participation of the questionnaires is extremely low and the improvement of the dissatisfactory factors is not being performed promptly. In this paper, we propose a new topic map system and prove its empirical effectiveness to improve the accuracy of customer feedback information and the efficiency of the analysis process. The topic map system is a system for analyzing large amounts of customer feedback data in real time. It uses text mining and ontology techniques by integrating data collected over a certain period from real-time SNS and quantitative data obtained from existing survey systems. The effect after improving the analyzed factors of dissatisfaction is also a new and innovative evaluation system for monitoring customer satisfaction in real time. The classification based on this integrated data is a classification system that is specific to the product or the customer. According to this classification, it is possible to measure the effect of the recognition and improvement of the complaint factor in real time on the topic map system. This provides a sophisticated prioritization of the improvement factors and enables customer satisfaction quality control as a PDCA feedback system. In addition, the survey period and costs are greatly shortened, and responses can be more precise to the existing survey method. As a practical application, this system is applied to the largest H travel agency in Korea to prove the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2008

Current re-arrangement of river and waterway has been made uniformly ignoring characteristics of individual rivers thereby aggravating artificial river restructuring. Subsequently this severely affects the rivers' physical, chemical, and biological phenomenon. On the contrary, quantitative techniques to evaluate the aftermath of artificial river disturbance such as uprising of river bed, intrusion of foreign fisheries, and changes of ecological habitats are not available. To establish such quantitative techniques, analysis of river changes to evaluate the major causes of the river disturbance and its impacts is essential. Therefore, this study mainly focused on proposing a method which can be applied for the development of techniques to investigate river disturbance according to the major factors for the domestic rivers using airphotos and GIS techniques. For the analysis, the study area on the downstream of the river was selected and airphotos of the area were converted into GIS format to generate 'shape' files to secure waterways, river banks, and auxiliary data required for analyzing river disturbance. Trend analysis of the waterway sinuosity and changes of the flow path leaded to detailed verification of the river disturbance for specific location or time period, and this enabled to relatively accurate numbers representing sinuosity of the waterway and relevant changes. As the major results from the analysis, the relocation of waterways and the level of river sinuosity were quantified and used to verify the impacts on the stability of the waterways especially in the downstream of the dam. The results from this study enabled effective establishing proper measures against waterways' unstability, and emphasized subsequent researches for identifying better alternatives against river disturbances.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2018

In this study, we developed a sensitive and specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for rapid visual detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) circulated in Korea. The RT-LAMP was completed in 40 min at $62^{\circ}C$ and the results of the assay were directly detected by naked eye without any detection process. The assay specifically amplified all 7 serotypes of FMDV RNAs but not amplified other viral and cellular nucleic acids. The sensitivity of the RT-LAMP was $10^2$, $10^3$ and $10^3TCID_{50}/mL$ for serotype O, A and Asia 1 FMDV, respectively, which was comparable to conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and relatively lower than that of real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Clinical evaluation of the RT-LAMP using different serotypes of Korean and foreign FMDV strains showed a 100% (35/35) agreement with the results of the RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. These results indicated that RT-LAMP assay developed in this study could be a valuable diagnostic method for FMDV monitoring and surveillance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.357-362
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• 2015

This study was to evaluate the usefulness through the comparison of patients group and healthy control group by acquiring a variety of functional parameters index from time-activity curves of salivary gland scan using 99mTc-pertechnetate. From December 2014 to February 2015, had the targets of 30 patients with dry mouth and 10 people in healthy control group underwent the salivary gland scan. After intravenous injection of 370 MBq of 99mTc-pertechnetate, Vitamin C powder stimulation was administerd orally at 20 min and then 10 minutes were taken scan. The method of quantitative analysis was as follows, the time-activity curve was drawn after the parotid gland and submandible gland were prescribed as a region of interest, a variety of function parameters index was obtained in each position of the curve, and the patients group and the control group were compared. As for the methods applied in comparison and measurement, uptake ratio (UR), time at maximum counts (Tmax), time at minimum counts (Tmin), maximum accumulation (MA), accumulation velocity, maximum secretion (MS), maximum stimulation secretion (MSS), and secretion velocity (SV) were used. In the comparison of functional parameters index of patient group and normal group, the healthy normal group showed significant difference compared to the patient group in all indices except for the minimum radioactivity time (Tmin), and also in terms of variation over time the normal group showed significant difference compared to the patient group (p<0.05). Consequently, it was considered that the quantitative analysis that used a variety of function parameters index would be useful for evaluating the function of the salivary glands of the patients with dry mouth as an objective and standardized information.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.387-396
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• 2005

The aims of the study were to establish a short-term screening test for detecting testicular toxicity of chemicals in rats and to determine whether a 2-week administration period is sufficient to detect testicular toxicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) as an example. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously administered with 1000 mg/kg/day of 2-BP or its vehicle for 2 weeks. Ten male rats each were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14 after the initiation of treatment. Parameters of testicular toxicity included genital organ weights, testicular sperm head counts, epididymal sperm counts, motility and morphology, and qualitative and quantitative histopathologic examinations. The early histopathological changes observed on day 3 of treatment included degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, multinuclear giant cells, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V. On day 7 of treatment, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, multinuclear giant cells, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V, and decreased number of spermatocytes in stages VII and XII. On day 14 after treatment, a significant decrease in the weights of testes and seminal vesicles was found. Atrophy of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V, and decreased number of spermatocytes in all spermatogenic stages were also observed. In addition, a slight non-significant decrease in testicular sperm head counts, daily sperm production rate and epididymal sperm counts was found. The results showed that 2 weeks of treatment is sufficient to detect the adverse effects of 2-BP on male reproductive organs. It is considered that the short-term testicular toxicity study established in this study can be a useful tool for screening the testicular toxic potential of new drug candidates in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

Several kinds of low voltage cables have been used in nuclear power plants for the supply of electric power, supervision, and the propagation of control signals. These low voltage tables must be inspected for safe and stable operation of nuclear power plants. In particular, the degradation diagnosis to estimate the integrity of low voltage rabies has recently been emphasized according to the long use of nuclear power plants. In order to evaluate their degradation, the surrounding temperature, hardness of insulation material, elongation at breaking point (EAB), etc. have been used. However, the measurement of temperature or hardness is not useful because of the absence of quantitative criteria; the inspection of a sample requires turning off of the power plant power; and, the electrical inspection method is not sufficiently sensitive from the initial through the middle stage of degradation. In this research, based on the theory that the ultrasonic velocity changes with relation to the degradation of the material, we measured the ultrasonic velocity as low voltage cables were degraded. To this end, an ultrasonic degradation diagnosis device was developed and used to measure the ultrasonic velocity with the clothing on the cable, and it was confirmed that the ultrasonic velocity changes according to the degradation of low voltage cables. The low voltage cables used in nuclear power plants were degraded at an accelerated rate, and EAB was measured in a tensile test conducted after the measurement of ultrasonic velocity. With the increasing degradation degree, the ultrasonic velocity decreased, whose potential as a useful parameter for the quantitative degradation evaluation was thus confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Using environmental DNA (eDNA) in the fisheries and oceanography fields, research on the diversity of biological species, the presence or absence of specific species and quantitative evaluation of species has considerably been performed. Up to date, no study on eDNA has been tried in the area of fisheries acoustics in Korea. In this study, the biomass of a dominant species in the northwestern waters of Jeju Island was examined using 1) the catch ratio of the species from trawl survey results and 2) the ranking ratio of the species from the eDNA results. The dominant species was Zoarces gillii, and its trawl catch ratio was 68.2% and its eDNA ratio was 81.3%. The Zoarces gillii biomass from the two methods was 7199.4 tons (trawl) and 8584.6 tons (eDNA), respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the acoustic backscattering strength values (120 kHz) from the entire survey area were 135.5 and 157.7 m²/nm², respectively. The strongest echo signal occurred at latitude 34° and longitude 126°15' (northwest of Jeju Island). High echo signals were observed in a specific oceanographic feature (salinity range of 32-33 psu and the water temperature range of 19-20℃). This study was a pilot study on evaluating quantitatively aquatic resources by applying the eDNA technique into acoustic-trawl survey method. Points to be considered for high-quality quantitative estimation using the eDNA to fisheries acosutics were discussed.