• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2003

In the agricultural field, a machine vision system has been widely used to automate most inspection processes especially in quality grading. Though machine vision system was very effective in quantifying geometrical quality factors, it had a deficiency in quantifying color information. This study was conducted to evaluate color of beef using machine vision system. Though measuring color of a beef using machine vision system had an advantage of covering whole lean tissue area at a time compared to a colorimeter, it revealed the problem of sensitivity depending on the system components such as types of camera, lighting conditions, and so on. The effect of color balancing control of a camera was investigated and multi-layer BP neural network based color calibration process was developed. Color calibration network model was trained using reference color patches and showed the high correlation with L*a*b* coordinates of a colorimeter. The proposed calibration process showed the successful adaptability to various measurement environments such as different types of cameras and light sources. Compared results with the proposed calibration process and MLR based calibration were also presented. Color calibration network was also successfully applied to measure the color of the beef. However, it was suggested that reflectance properties of reference materials for calibration and test materials should be considered to achieve more accurate color measurement.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.99-105
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• 2019

Background: Although magnetic resonance imaging is accurate, it is expensive to measure the movement of temporomandibular joint. The three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system is an inexpensive measurement tool. Objects: This study examined the reliability of quantifying the mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift and differences between individuals with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) using the hygienic method of surface markers on the skin with 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis. Methods: This study included 24 subjects (12 with and 12 without TMD). Temporomandibular joint motion during mouth opening was recorded using two surface markers with 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis. An intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC (3,k)] was used to confirm the intrarater reliability of quantifying kinematic temporomandibular joint motion, and an independent t-test was used to evaluate differences in maximal mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift between the two groups. Results: Assessment of mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift showed excellent test-retest reliability with low standard error of measurement. The lateral mandibular shift and opening-lateral mandibular shift ratio were significantly increased in the TMD group during maximum mouth opening (p<.05). However, no significant difference in maximal mouth opening was observed between the groups with and without TMD (p>.05). Conclusion: This hygienic and simple surface marker method can be used to quantify the mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift at the end-range of mouth opening. The TMD group showed an increased lateral mandibular shift movement at the end-range of mouth opening. The lateral mandibular shift movement can be regarded as a symptom in the diagnosis and treatment of TMD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.467-477
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• 1994

The objective of this research is to develop a manufacturability measurement model for process and material screening. The process and material screening is the key requirement for implementing the Design for Manufacturability (Concurrent Engineering). A computerized system realizing this model then is developed to aid designers. Identification of the key factors which influence technical manufacturability, decision variables and their characteristics, conceptual framework for implementing the model are suggested. Manufacturability measure for quantifying the consistency of between the product requirements and the manufacturing capability is important contribution of this research. The focus is on net shape manufacturing process such as diecasting, forging, metal forming and injection molding.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.84-88
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• 2007

When people recognize a landscape, they first need to see it for a definite period time. This study clarified the way green space in a landscape is recognized using eye movement analysis, and evaluated the Pffi9bility for quantifying stress-reducing effects of seeing a landscape. The results of the experiments on eye movement analysis suggest that the way of recognizing green space in a landscape may depend on a ratio of the amount of scenic greenery in a landscape, color and greenery layout. Especially, this study also suggests that the possibility of the greenery layout guiding eye movement could be verified by conducting a study on planting patterns. In addition, the results of the experiments for quantifying stress-reducing substances found that it is likely that a green space in an urban area has stress-reducing effects.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.488-491
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• 2008

The variations of the TFT characteristics in AMOLEDs result in the decrease of the uniformity of the displays. Measurement of the long-range uniformity (LRU) is straightforward. However, there is no method for measuring the short-range uniformity (SRU) yet. Quantifying the SRU is important in evaluating various TFT backplanes and compensation circuits. We propose new methods for measuring SRU.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2018

"The Framework Act on Low-Carbon Green Growth" specifies the requirements for the development and verification of emission factors for establishing reliable national greenhouse gas statistics. The scope of the regulations covers the development and validation of energy, industrial processes, solvents and other product use, agriculture, land use, land use change and emission and absorption coefficients of the forestry and waste sector as defined in the 1996 IPCC Guideline and GPG 2000, The minerals sector to be covered in this study belongs to industrial processes. As a representative method for quantifying and evaluating GHG emission factors, there are emission grade quality grading and DARS (Data Rating Rating System) in the 'Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Documents (1997)' reported by US-EPA. However, the above two methods are not specific and comprehensive, and lack the details for accurate emission factor verification. Therefore, there is a need for a method for verifying and quantifying certified greenhouse gas emission factors that reflects characteristics of each industry sector in Korea and accord with IPCC G/L and GHG target management. In this study, we conducted a weighted study on quantitative and evaluation lists of emission factor using questionnaires to develop a more accurate methodology for quantifying national greenhouse gas emission factors in the mineral sector. Quantification and evaluation of emission factor are classified into essential verification and quality evaluation. The essential verifications are : administrative compatibility, method of determining emission factors, emission characteristics, sampling methods and analysis methods, representativeness of data. The quality evaluations consisted of the quality control of the data, the accuracy of the measurement and analysis, the level of uncertainty, not directly affect the emission factor, but consisted of factors that determine data quality.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.364-365
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to develop a more accurate and efficient measure than any other quantifying measures of the leaf variegation when influenced by changes in certain physical and environmental factors. Through this computer quantification for two Tradescantia cultivars, it was ascertained that total leaf area decreased and extent of the leaf variegation increased as light intensity increased. According to this result to determine the brightness of the leaf, using the same aforementioned measurement, the leaf color was brightest in the sun and it become darker as light intensity decreased. High correlation was found between total leaf and leaf variegation area measured by leaf area meter and the pixel of computer graphic file through scanning. Thus, the leaf area and leaf variegation area measurement using computer graphic will be used very efficiently.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

Ordinary heterotrophic organism (OHO) active biomass plays key roles in biological wastewater treatment processes. However, due to the lack of measurement techniques, the OHO active biomass exists hypothetically within the design and simulation of biological wastewater treatment processes. This research was purposed to develop a quick and easy quantifying technique for the OHO active biomass applying a modified batch aerobic growth test. Two nitrification-denitrification activated sludge systems, with 10- and 20-day sludge ages, were operated to provide well-cultured mixed liquor to the batch tests. A steady state design model was firstly applied to quantify the "theoretical" OHO active biomass concentration of the two parent systems. The mixed liquor from the parent systems was then inoculated to a batch growth test and a batch digestion test to estimate the "measured" OHO active biomass concentration in the mixed liquor. The measured OHO active biomass concentrations with the batch growth test and the batch digestion test were compared to the theoretical concentrations of the parent system. The measured concentrations with the batch growth test were generally smaller than the theoretical concentrations. However, the measured concentrations with the batch aerobic digestion tests showed a good correlation to the theoretical concentrations. Thus, a different microbial growth condition (i.e., a higher food/biomass ratio) in the batch growth test, compared to the parent system or the batch digestion test, was found to cause underestimation of the OHO active biomass concentrations.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.201-208
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• 2002

The measurement parameter of QiguㆍInyoung pulse diagnosis distinguishes the excess, deficiency and quick-temper of pulse through relative comparison of Qigu and Inyoung. We have estimated the relationship between measurement of QiguㆍInyoung pulse wave detection system and measurement of manual pulse diagnosis by means of quantifying pulse peak and Inyoung/Qigu index. The results can be summarized as follows : When standardizing manual pulse diagnosis measurement was standardized, Inyoung index of machinery measurement was more significantly correlative with the index of manual pulse diagnosis than Qigu index of machinery measurement. The ratio of Inyoung/Qigu magnitude with machinery measurement was doser to manual pulse diagnosis than that of Qigu and Inyoung pulse magnitude measured separately. A linear proportion relationship was found between measurement of QiguㆍInyoung pulse wave detection system and measurement of manual pulse diagnosis. It was necessary to adjust the output signal of pulse in order to estimate the exact relationship between measurement of QiguㆍInyoung pulse wave detection system and measurement of manual pulse diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.353-356
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• 2002

Planar laser induced fluorescence(PLIF) has been widely used to obtain two dimensional fuel distribution. Preliminary investigation was performed to measure quantitative air excess ratio distribution in an engine fueled with LPG. It is known that fluorescence signal from acetone as a fluorescent tracer is less sensitive to oxygen quenching than other dopants. Acetone was excited by KrF excimer laser (248nm) and its fluorescence image was acquired by ICCD camera with a cut-of filter to suppress Mie scattering from the laser light. For the purpose of quantifying PLIF signal, an image processing method including the correction of laser sheet beam profile was suggested. Raw images were divided by each intensity of laser energy and profile of laser sheet beam. Inhomogeneous fluorescence images scaled with the reference data, which was taken by a calibration process, were converted to air excess ratio distribution. This investigation showed instantaneous quantitative measurement of planar air excess ratio distribution for gaseous fuel.