• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.915-934
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• 2020

Software refactoring is a process to restructure an existing software code while keeping its external behavior the same. Currently, various refactoring techniques are being used to develop more readable and less complex codes by improving the non-functional attributes of software. Refactoring can further improve code maintainability by applying various techniques to the source code, which in turn preserves the behavior of code. Refactoring facilitates bug removal and extends the capabilities of the program. In this paper, an exhaustive review is conducted regarding bad smells present in source code, applications of specific refactoring methods to remove that bad smell and its effect on software quality. A total of 68 studies belonging to 32 journals, 31 conferences, and 5 other sources that were published between the years 2001 and 2019 were shortlisted. The studies were analyzed based on of bad smells identified, refactoring techniques used, and their effects on software metrics. We found that "long method", "feature envy", and "data class" bad smells were identified or corrected in the majority of studies. "Feature envy" smell was detected in 36.66% of the total shortlisted studies. Extract class refactoring approach was used in 38.77% of the total studies, followed by the move method and extract method techniques that were used in 34.69% and 30.61% of the total studies, respectively. The effects of refactoring on complexity and coupling metrics of software were also analyzed in the majority of studies, i.e., 29 studies each. Interestingly, the majority of selected studies (41%) used large open source datasets written in Java language instead of proprietary software. At the end, this study provides future guidelines for conducting research in the field of code refactoring.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.16-20
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• 2012

Although the technology of breadmaking simply goes through the process of mixing, fermentation, and baking, it is very hard to make a same product every day. The reason is that baking science begins with the very first process of breadmaking which is mixing, and every steps and working environments are so closely connected. The baking science has developed in short time since the theory of fermentation has released. If you check the development of baking technology synthetically, it is consisted of the discovery of nutritional and functional ingredients, the optimization process of new machines, and the maintenance of the quality as fulfilling social demands. Because the baking business is making and selling the product, baking itself is a business, and it has the form that manufacturing and service business coexist. In today's current domestic bakery market, the supply exceeds the demand. Moreover, the concept of bakery itself has been changing from the fixed image of bakery which is selling the bread to the differentiated bakery with others. As we look at the general bakery's trends, it is focused on going back to the basic or traditions, going to the functional, and working with automations. To conclude, the baking has a long history, but it actually has the short history in the technological development. Baking business can be viewed as the simple business, but many factors are related to the business. It has a few basic kinds of products in baking, but it has diverse kinds of products with the base of infinite creativity. Even though it is physically a hard working business, it is also a business that can face with fun. For managing a bakery, finally, the differentiated strategy with other bakery that maximizes the customers' value is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.198-198
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• 2016

The Citarum River Basin is the biggest river basin in West Java Province, Indonesia and it plays strategic roles in providing water for irrigation, domestic and industrial uses, and power generation, besides controlling the flood during rainy season. Flowing through seven major cities makes the river flow and water demand are vulnerable to land use change around the river. The present water resources management has involved the regulator, operator, and users in deciding an appropriate water management plan for the entire basin. The plan includes an operation plan for three reservoirs, construction or maintenance of the river channel, and water allocation for all users along the river. Following this plan, a smaller operation group will execute and evaluates the plan based on the actual flow condition. Recently, a deforestation, environment degradation, river sedimentation, a rapid growth of population and industry, also public health become new issues that should be considered in water basin planning. Facing these arising issues, a new development program named ICWRMIP was established to advance the existing management system. This program includes actions to strengthen institutional collaboration, do the restoration and conservation of the river environment, improve water quality and public health, also advance the water allocation system. At present, the water allocation plan is created annually based on a forecasted flow data and water usage prediction report. Sometimes this method causes a difficulty for the operator when the actual flow condition is not the same as the prediction. Improving existing system, a lot of water allocation studies, including a development of the database and water allocation simulation model have been placed to help stakeholders decide the suitable planning schemes. In the future, this study also tries to contribute in advancing water allocation planning by creating an optimization model which ease stakeholders discover a suitable water allocation plan for individual users.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.761-766
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• 2006

This paper describes a study on the performance of steam ejector by variation of steam pressure. Water temperature is especially important for good qualify of fish in an inland aquafam. In summer season, the water temperature increases above $25^{\circ}C$, but for good quality breeding or fish is the maintenance of optimum aquafam temperature by about $20^{\circ}C$. Therefore it is needed to drop the water temperature to provide suitable conditions of fish growth. There are many kinds of cooling system, in this study using steam ejector. After cooling the water in vacuum tank with the steam ejector then circulate this water to inland aquafam. In this way to minimizes fish stress that it is caused by water temperature. The objective of research confirms the difference of the case which there is no water in the vacuum tank and has water in the vacuum tank. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects on the performance of steam ejector by variation of steam pressure.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 2006

Even though software developing environment has been changing to Web basis very fast, there are just few studies of quality metric or estimation model for Web software. In this study after analyzing the correlation between the risk level and property of objects using linear regression, six middle sized industrial system has been used to propose the correlation model of size and Number of Classes(NOC), size and Number of Methods(NOM), complexity and NOC, and complexity and NOM. Among of six systems 5 systems(except S06) have high correlation between size(LOC) and NOM, and four systems(except S04 & S06) have high correlation between complexity and NOC / NOM. As Web software architecture with three sides of Server, Client and HTML, complexity of each sides has been compared, two system(S04, S06) has big differences of each sides compleity values and one system(S06) has very higher complexity value of HTML, So the risk level could be estimated through NOM to improve maintenance in case of that the system has no big differences of each sides complexity.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.143-177
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• 2020

This paper investigates how the provision of full child care subsidy to infants and toddlers differently affected female labor supply and fertility rate depending on the level of supply of child care centers in the place of residence. Our results on labor supply show that the higher the supply rate of childcare centers in residential areas, the higher the probability of career maintenance for multi-child mothers who are more likely to be admitted to a childcare facility. The results on the fertility rate show that the first child's fertility rate has increased since the support of childcare expenses in areas with higher rates of childcare centers. In the places where the supply rate of publicly-funded childcare centers is high, the second child's fertility rate has also increased significantly since the support of childcare expenses. This suggests that the quality of child care is an essential factor in determining the birth rate. Our results suggest that the effects of child care support on women's labor supply and fertility rate may differ depending on the priority of entering child care centers according to birth order and the degree of quantitative and qualitative supply of child care centers in the place of residence.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.56-64
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• 2019

Various defects that occur in the maintenance stage are connected to all kinds of wasted resources and economic losses as additional investments are made. Residents are harmed temporally, materially, and psychologically, and businesses suffer not only monetary losses but also reduced credit ratings. The aim of this study was to increase the efficiency of quality management and minimize defect disputes by estimating the importance of the defect type considering the defect frequency and severity in apartment buildings. For this, 7,548 defect items for 48 apartment buildings were examined. The analysis confirmed that defects are concentrated on RC, finishing and MEP work. In addition, defects with high importance are identified as broken, incorrect installation, missing tasks, and water problems. In addition, the exterior wall/roof, the Internal wall, ceiling, and floor, which are constructed in the field, are more important than the furniture and MEP equipment installed in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2019

To analyze the present state of buildings suspended in Gangwon and estimate the compressive strength by visual inspection and Schmidt hammer method in order to analyze durability etc.. In this study, we analyzed the problems that existed in the location where construction is suspended and efficient management method. Expected construction restoration of construction will be restarted, and important parts of the construction site should be given the best protection measures so that the quality can be maintained thoroughly. The construction of the suspended construction is exposed to the freezing and thawing damage over time. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures such as maintenance, and take protective measures by establishing a plan to improve the durability of buildings that are under construction.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2019

Purpose: Despite its clinical benefits, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is less widely implemented for gastric cancer surgery. This nationwide survey investigated the current status of the implementation of ERAS in perioperative care for gastric cancer surgery in South Korea. Materials and Methods: This survey enrolled 89 gastric surgeons from 52 institutions in South Korea. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions about the implementation of the ERAS protocols in the management of gastric cancer surgery. The survey was carried out using an electronic form sent via email. Results: Of the 89 gastric surgeons, 58 (65.2%) answered that they have knowledge of the concept and details of ERAS, 45 (50.6%) of whom were currently applying ERAS for their patients. Of the ERAS protocols, preoperative education (91.0%), avoidance of preoperative fasting (68.5%), maintenance of intraoperative normothermia (79.8%), thromboprophylaxis (96.5%), early active ambulation (64.4%), and early removal of urinary catheter (68.5%) were relatively well adopted in perioperative care. However, other practices, such as avoidance of preoperative bowel preparation (41.6%), provision of preoperative carbohydrate-rich drink (10.1%), avoidance of routine abdominal drainage (31.4%), epidural anesthesia (15.9%), single-dose prophylactic antibiotics (19.3%), postoperative high oxygen therapy (36.8%), early postoperative diet (14.6%), restricted intravenous fluid administration (53.9%), and application of discharge criteria (57.3%) were not very well adopted for patients. Conclusions: Perioperative management of gastric cancer surgery is largely heterogeneous among gastric surgeons in South Korea. Standard perioperative care based on scientific evidence needs to be established to improve the quality of surgical care and patient outcomes.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.473-484
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the patterns of farming materials required for creating and operating elementary school vegetable gardens and to propose a plan for vitalizing business related to urban agriculture. As a result of the survey, the farming materials purchased most for the operation of the school gardens were seeds materials focused on seedlings, compost/fertilizer, and farming tools focused on trowels, sprinklers, and hoes. Purchases of farming materials were made mostly through the internet, while most purchases of seedlings were made in pesticide stores. Therefore, it is necessary to provide information and education related to the use of farming materials. Thus, establishment and maintenance of highly accessible and reliable internet sources are recommended to provide the lists of farm products necessary as well as related information to help users in purchase and use in order to create and operate the school garden. In order to supply high-quality seedlings, it is necessary to provide information and education on the kinds of seedlings, management, cultivation, delivery methods, and the like, focusing on pesticide stores producing and distributing seedlings. Providing such information for participants will improve their satisfaction. Also, if businesses related to urban agriculture use these study results in producing, preparing, managing and selling seedlings and farming materials, they will also be able to generate profits and vitalize urban agriculture.