• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

Air pollution index (API) is used in Mainland China and includes only $SO_2$, $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$. In 2016, air quality index (AQI) replaced API. AQI contains three more air pollutants (CO, $O_3$ and $PM_{2.5}$). Both the indices emphasize on the effect of a single pollutant, whereas the contributions of all other pollutants are ignored. Therefore, in the present work, a novel air quality index (NAQI), which emphasizes on all air pollutants, has been introduced for the first time. The results showed that there were 19 d (5.2%) in API, 28 d (7.7%) in AQI and 183 d (50.1%) in NAQI when the indices were more than 100. In API, $PM_{10}$ and $SO_2$ were regarded as the primary pollutants, whereas all five air pollutants in AQI were regarded as primary. Furthermore, four air pollutants (other than the CO) in NAQI were regarded as primary pollutants. $PM_{10}$, as being the primary pollutant, contributed greatly in these air quality indices, and accounted for 51.2% (API), 37.0% (AQI) and 52.6% (NAQI). The results also showed that particulate matter pollution was significantly high in Luzhou, where stricter pollution control measures should be implemented.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop the statistical test for process capability index $C_p$ based on mixture normal process. Methods: This study uses Bootstrap method to calculate the approximate P-value for various simulation conditions under mixture normal process. Results: This study indicates that our proposed method is effective way to test for process capability index $C_p$ based on mixture normal process. Conclusion: This study finds out that statistical test for process capability index $C_p$ based on mixture normal process is useful for real application.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.373-378
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• 2001

This paper introduces a new online index to quantify the harmonic distortion. The proposed index based on VI product can represent the harmonic distortion of both voltage and current, and it includes the effect of interharmonic distortion. Also, the new index is suitable to online harmonic distortion evaluation since it only requires the r.m.s. (root mean square) value and fundamental frequency value of the signals. Case studies are presented to show the availability of the proposed index using the comparison with the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion).

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.730-737
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• 2021

Transmission spectra are measured from waveguide-coupled ring resonators fabricated with SiN_x on SiO₂. By using ring resonators with various radii and several index contrasts, the behavior of the quality factors is investigated. As the index contrast decreases, the dominant loss is from scattering for a large resonator, while that changes from scattering loss to bending loss for a small resonator. We verify that the quality factor can be drastically improved by reducing the index contrast in large ring resonators.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.23 no.1 s.59
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• pp.221-241
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• 2006

This research suggested a new patent index based on patent citation technique using cited information, For this purpose, comparison research on library and patent information related citation database providing citation index was done. The information quality and meaning on the impact factor of JCR and the technology factor of CHI were reinterpreted. The former emphasizes the quality of continuous publication using relative citation frequency. The latter only emphasizes the information itself because it assesses the quality of patent characteristics. To overcome these difficulties, the latter re-authorized a relative quality to the organization possessing the patent using technology impact factor. Three new patent index were proposed on the basis of cited information to complement this. However, the comparative object was limited to American patent information that presented cited information of patent applied cases, and the comparison and research of domestic patent information could not be done.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

Improving dietary patterns, na, in turn, improving nutritional status, is now viewed as a key to improve public health and to prevent chronic diseases. There has been a peat needs to assess diet quality to identify nutritional risk group, however, little research has been done on methods to assess overall diet quality. The purpose of this study was to develope a mini dietary assessment (MDA) index for evaluation of overall dietary quality. A 10-component system was devised based on dietary guidelines and food Tower for Koreans. The system contained 4 food elements of which use is encouraged, such as milk, meat, vegetables, fruits, and 3 food elements of which use is limited, such as fat, salt, or sugar. Also the included were elements on dietary regulation and variety. A subject is to check one of ‘always' 'generally'seldom', which has score of 5, 3, and 1, respectively, so the total possible index score is 50. This index is to use without dietary survey and is to use even by non-nutritionist. A sample of 432 healthy males and females in their 30's and 40's contributed diet intake data based on 24-hour recall for the validation of MDA. The mean MDA score was 31.34 of a possible 50 points. The main nutrients for each MDA component was correlated very well with the results of 24-hour recall. Also, very good correlation was found between healthy eating index (HEI) score and MDA score. However, some of MDA components were needed a modification of term or/and statement. So the Uh was revised and another effort for validation was made with new sample of 169 subjects and even better correlation was found. The revised MDA could be used with minor modification to assess diet quality and to screen nutritional status. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1): 83-92, 2003)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 2010

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Daecheon stream, an urban stream of Busan, was investigated to analyze the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates. The collection was performed monthly at five(A~E) sites divided into three parts, upper, middle and lower, of stream from January to November, 2004. In physicochemical analysis of environmental factors, water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, conductivity and ABS were relatively increased in sites B and C. Whereas sites A, D and E showed little variations with good water quality parameters. However, water quality parameters in all surveyed sites showed gradual decrease with time toward improvement of water quality. A total of 8,226 individuals including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 9 orders, 302 families and 44 species were identified from five sites. The most dominant group was insect(class Insecta), and order Ephemeroptera and Diptera among insect was the largest member in species(30.6%) and individuals(75.0%) of benthic macroinvertebrates, respectively. The primary dominant species were Gammarus sp. and Ephemera strigata in site A, whereas Chironomus sp. and Brenchiura sowerbyi were dominated commonly in the other sites. In community analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates of Daecheon stream diversity index showed relatively low values, whereas dominance index was significantly high. Diversity index was the highest in site A, whereas the dominance index was the highest in site B. However, diversity index showed gradual increase with time showing adverse mode in dominance index. From these results, it can be suggested that long-term ecological monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna is needed for sustainable management of Daecheon stream.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the health-related quality of life assessment according to socio-demographic characteristics, health behavior, and BMI for Gyeonggi-do community population. Methods: The 2012 Community Health Survey data was used. The data were collected by using a cross-sectional study with face-to-face interview. The variables of smoking, AUDIT, exercise, BMI, and Euroqol EQ-5D instrument were selected for analyses. The Difference on the EQ-5D index among groups were tested with Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: The EQ-5D index for Gyeonggi-do community was 0.951(${\pm}0.104$). The index were significantly different by sex, age, marital status, education level, and occupation. The health-related quality of life showed lower EQ-5D index in women than men, older than young, and less educated. The index were significantly different by health behavior (smoking, drinking, moderate physical activity and exercise) for both men and women). For BMIs, the index was lower to under-weighted male and over-weighted female. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the future intervention of health promotion programs should be carefully designed and tailored by health behavior and obese groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.14-20
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• 2008

The agricultural reservoir watershed plan suggests three specific indices or ways to measure the potential for maintaining reservoir quality in balance with existing or proposed uses: an index of the reservoir's vulnerability to accelerated eutrophication, an index of the degree of land use intensity in reservoir watersheds, and an index of present water quality. Three items that contribute to reservoir eutrophication are included in the vulnerability index: the ratio of reservoir volume to drainage-basin area, shoreline configuration, and mean depth. The watershed land-use intensity index is based on road proximity and upland watershed land-use intensity. Water quality can be given a COD level. All six indicators are considered separately and then rated as follow: low (1), medium (2), or high (3). Five out of 30survey sites were less than 8points, 17sites were less than 11points and 8sites were less than 14points. This study suggests that the sites in the first ranking were potential areas for preservation, sites in the second ranking were potential areas for environmental friendly planning and sites in the third ranking were potential areas for residential need oriented planning. The advantage of this study is the low cost of gathering data for the development of local policy for the planning, management and protection of reservoir basin.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.508-515
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• 2019

Although various quantitative indexes are used as criteria for deciding the success of software R & D projects, it is somewhat difficult to find which quantitative indexes are appropriate. In this paper, we propose a quantitative evaluation index generation process for software product development using ISO / IEC25023, which is used as a standard of software quality level, to provide criteria for quantitative evaluation index of software development. The proposed process consists of two stages. In the first step, quality characteristics and subcharacteristics of ISO / IEC25023 standard specification are derived and in the second stage, we derive an evaluation indicator guides that matches the quality characteristics and sub characteristics. The proposed quantitative evaluation index generation process is expected to be helpful for the selection of quantitative evaluation indexes according to the characteristics of software development projects.