• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2022

Purpose - The objective of this study is to investigate what motivates global FDI inflows in the different economic development level and to clarify the FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth. Design/methodology/approach - Major macroscopic social·economic factors induced FDI inflows were analyzed using fixed-effect panel regression with 30-year panel data of 28 countries from 1985 to 2014. For analysis in the stage of economic growth, two category of developed and developing countries was used. And to analyze FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth, 4 shares of GDP; consumption·government·investment expenditure and export, was used as explanatory variable. Findings - In developed country, TFP(total factor productivity) and GDP have a great influence on FDI inflows, and consumption and labor compensation have a slight effect. This result indicates that the market seeking-driven, horizontal type investment is shown along with efficiency seeking investment. In developing country, human capital and TFP is shown to have greater impact on FDI inflows and labor compensation, exports, investment and government expenditures also have impacts. Thus it has confirmed that not only efficiency-seeking vertical investment for using low cost well educated laborer, but also government-driven economic growth and export policies could affect the FDI inflows. Research implications or Originality - The FDI investment decision making of multinational companies is decided by their own purpose. But, in the concept of as follows; 1) FDI is a long-term capital flowing for maximization of economic utility with limited global resource, 2) Thus FDI could be affected by macro socio·economic factors of host country. 3) Also such macro factors is different by each economic growth qualitative level. Therefore macro socio·economic factors of each country could be affected by the qualitative level of their own economic growth. To attract FDI inflows, it is desirable to implement differentiated incentive policies in the qualitative level of economic growth. Furthermore in developing countries it is recommended to implement government driven economic growth policies as follows; fostering well educated human resources, improving technology productivity in the relative lower cost labor market compared to developed countries and boosting international export volume.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2020

Dormitories of Korean university are planned to pursue qualitative growth after a period of quantitative growth in the 1970s. However, since the 1990s, the physical plan for qualitative growth has not changed significantly and the effects of these changes on dormitory residents has not been verified. The purpose of this study is to identify the environmental factors influencing dormitory life adaptation and to provide a basis for qualitative growth of university dormitories to help dormitory residents adapt to the environment. The research was conducted in three stages. First, the elements of the residential environment of the dormitory complex, which is an independent variable, were derived. The dormitory life adaptation scale was developed to measure the dependent variable. Secondly, a questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the environmental factors of current dormitory and previous residence and three elements of dormitory life adaptation; 'acceptance of change', 'familiarity', and 'anxiety'. Third, statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether each factor influenced dormitory life adaptation.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2022

Economic growth is one of the significant benchmarks determining a country's sustainable growth. Before WWII, most countries perceived their priority in terms of military strength as they dedicated most of their efforts and resources to creating weapons of mass destruction. The current research aims to establish some of the significant factors that may have contributed to the sustainable and progressive economic growth of South Korea within the 60-year timeframe. Multiple prior studies have attributed the economic growth in South Korea to policy reforms that opened the country to foreign markets. The outstanding increase in the percentage of exports stands out as an indication of the improvement in the quality of goods produced in the country. Finally, in recent years, China has dedicated more resources to research and developments as a strategy to improve innovation within the country and its overall economic growth. Other issues of concern likely to undermine the prospects of the country's economic growth include the limited geographical size, aging population, and limited natural resources. As such, South Korea needs to emphasize innovation and improve the business environment as its main strategy for sustainable economic growth in the future to maintain its continuous economic miracle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.388-395
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• 2009

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction (FR, 8 to 14 d of age) on growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens. Birds were fed corresponding diets from 3 to 35 d of age, which consisted of three phases: starter (3 to 7 d of age), FR (8 to 14 d of age) and re-alimentation (15 to 35 d of age) phases. During the FR period, each group of birds was fed the basal diet ad libitum (CON), 85% (EN85) and 70% (EN70) of lower calorie diet ad libitum (qualitative FR), and 85% (FI85) and 70% (FI70) of voluntary intake on a daily basis (quantitative FR). As a result, there was no statistical difference in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio between the CON and quantitative or qualitative FR groups during the entire (3 to 35 d) periods. In particular, the EN85 group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain compared with the EN70, FI85 and FI70 groups. Plasma total protein and albumin at 14 d of age (during FR) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the quantitative and qualitative FR groups, but these parameters at 35 d of age (after re-alimentation) were higher (p<0.05) in the EN85 and EN70 groups than in the CON group. Plasma IgG level was unaffected by dietary FR procedure. In cytokines, there was no significant difference in the expression of lymphocytic IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ at 14 d of age between the FR and the CON groups, whereas lymphocytic IL-6 and iNOS expression were significantly (p<0.05) lower in FI85 and FI70 groups. Moreover, lymphocytic iNOS was also significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitative and quantitative diets compared with those fed ad libitum. In the thymus, IL-4 expression was higher (p<0.05) in FI85 and FI70 groups, whereas IL-6 expression was lower (p<0.05) in the FI85 and FI70 groups than in the CON group. Thymic iNOS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitatively and quantitatively restricted diets compared with those fed ad libitum. At 35 d of age, there was no difference in the expression of IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ of lymphocytes and thymus between the FR and CON groups. In conclusion, 85% of quantitative and qualitative FR would have a beneficial effect on the expression of some cytokines including IL-4 and iNOS without change in growth performance of birds.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.147-157
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• 2019

In this study, we focused on the experience of interpersonal trauma among university students majoring in counseling psychology to understand the meaning of the trauma they experienced, and analyzed the process of their growth as counselors. To that end, we conducted a survey on interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic growth, and interviewed final six students in a face-to-face interview, and analyzed the collected data using the method of qualitative case study. As a result, the trauma and subsequent growth experience have been categorized into 38 semantic units, 15 subcategories and 5 categories, including 'Times of pain', 'A life of dealing with complex emotions alone', 'An experience of understanding and being understood', 'Attempts to change and new meanings' and 'Worries and expectations of growth as a counselor'. The results of this study are meaningful in providing basic information and educational materials needed for the intervention of students majoring in counseling psychology who have experienced trauma.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-52
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• 2007

This study analyses the management and utilization of Korean inland fisheries and suggests directions for reorganizing the fisheries in order to achieve qualitative growth. Inland fisheries developing into a unique fishery according to various aquatic systems in different areas have played various roles such as the efficient use of aquatic resources, development of local areas and economy vitalization in under-developed local areas. However, recently Korean inland fisheries are facing a lot of difficulties due to the circumstantial changes surrounding the fisheries. Even though it is difficult to expect the external expansion of the Korean inland fisheries, we could expect qualitative internal growth by achieving the sustainable management and aquatic ecosystem health. Therefore, this study suggests the followings in order to achieve the qualitative growth of the Korean inland fisheries : first, construction of integrated management system according the aquatic systems ; second, organization of fishermen's interest groups such as cooperatives or associations in order to increase the competitive advantage and spread voluntary fisheries management ; third, boosting stock enhancement through systematic stock assessment and stocking ; fourth, expansion and activation of administrative system and research organizations.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.173-202
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• 2014

This qualitative study is designed to explore parents' experiences with their children handicapped with restricted growth. The parents' unique reality and its essential meanings are elicited through in-depth interviews enabling to reflect the insider's perspective. "From the child unable to grow to the child able to grow" is identified as the main theme penetrating through the participants'parenting experiences unique to their reality. Embracing the shock and the disappointment related to their children 'unable to grow', they thrive to make their children able to grow. However, they eventually accept their children's handicap, in spite of never doing it easily, by getting confronted with the limits of making their children grow in stature, and the social stigma and the difficulty their children experience. Therefore, they get to take alternative perspectives not focusing on their children's stature unable to grow but on psycho-social growth able to grow. Social welfare plans to support the handicapped with restricted growth and their parents are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 2005

This study performed intensive indicators based on a model of economics of education. Trends of childcare in Korea were obtained by producing values developed with statistical data. Results showed that such simple initial indicator values as numbers of children, institutions and teachers have improved. However, intensive indicator values that take demographic and economic conditions into consideration have not reached the same rate of progress as the initial indicator values. In other words, qualitative growth remains at an unsatisfactory level in comparison to quantitative growth and to qualitative growth in members of the Organization for Economics Cooperation and Development (OECD).Thus, financial investment by the government should be expanded in order to reach the desired level of high quality in daycare for children.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.303-312
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe the semantic system and process of posttraumatic growth experience of firefighters after colleague's suicide. Grounded theory methodology based on symbolic interactionism was utilized. The subjects of this study were 7 firefighters who experienced the colleague's suicide. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews from October 1 to November 30, 2015. The results showed that "Gradually becoming more resilient" was analyzed to be the core category of firefighters' posttraumatic growth. We derived four categories and nine subcategories. Based on the results, it is necessary to develop a convergence intervention program to promote posttraumatic growth of firefighters exposed to various traumatic events.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.246-260
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• 2023

With the advent of COVID-19, the world economy has undergone enormous losses and unprecedented crises. Moreover, this pandemic has put a significant effect on all business organizations, comprising the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sector. MSMEs have been continuing to develop business strategies and are eager to compete in the market. The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the full focus of MSMEs from 'business growth' to 'business survival' worldwide. E-commerce readiness plays a crucial role in a time of uncertainty and crisis during COVID-19 and affects the durability and sustainability of the business. This study attempts to study the readiness of online business and "E-commerce" adoption of MSMEs and its contribution to economic growth by utilizing both qualitative and quantitative techniques in the case of India. We use content analysis to determine the readiness of online business and Ecommerce in the post COVID-19 period. The result highlights the specific issues of this sector such as the shortage of resources and disruptions in the supply chain & logistical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative analysis discloses that almost half of the respondents adopt online platforms along with additional challenges to sustain their business during the pandemic. This study utilizes annual time series data for the period from 1973-74 to 2017-18 to understand the long-run relationship between India's GDP and MSMEs units. By utilizing the co-integration technique, this study reveals that there is a long-run relationship between MSME units and the economic growth of this country.