• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2017

This research was conducted to construct a tree belt around Saemangeum reclaimed land using various planting methods and to analyze initial growth amount, to provide practical data to construct tree belt of various purposes. Tree species used in tree belt construction were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus serrata, and the main planting treatment methods used were categorized by existence of windy fence, mixed planting, and un-mixed planting. Growth amount analysis was conducted using ANOVA to compare growth amounts in different experimental groups and Duncan's multiple range test. Growth amount analysis results of tree belt by planting method showed that it is most statistically plausible to install 50% porous windy fence from the direction of wind and frost, followed by planting P. thunbergii and Q. serrata in areas that require mixed tree species tree belt around Saemangeum reclaimed land. In areas where un-mixed planting tree belt is required, it was appropriate to use P. thunbergii alone without a windy fence. Lastly, if the purpose of the tree belt is limited to rapid growth, it was most ideal to plant P. thunbergii alone (without windy fence) or install 50% porous windy fence from the direction of wind and frost, followed by planting P. thunbergii and Q. serrata. This research is based on initial growth amount of tree belt and there is a need for a long-term monitoring of tree belt growth to increase tree-planting success rate in establishing tree belt according to Saemangeum internal development.

• 조경수
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• 통권108호
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• pp.26-28
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• 2009

가시나무는 상록활엽교목(常綠闊葉小喬木)으로 겨울철에도 녹색의 아름다움을 지니고 있다. 종류로는 붉가시나무(Quercus acuta), 종가시나무(Q glauca), 가시나무(Q. myrsinaefolia)가 대포수종으로 우리나라 남부지방의 제주도를 포함한 도서지방과 해안지방에 많이 식재되어 있다. 원정형(圓頂形)의 수형이 미려(美麗)하고, 내조성(耐潮性)이 강해 해안의 정원수, 공원의 조경수 등으로 널리 사용되고 있는데 이들에 대한 해충에 대한 정보가 부족하여 이들을 가해하는 주요해충 종에 대해서 생태 및 방제법을 소개하고자 한다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1491-1499
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• 2020

We give a strong fundamental domain for the quotient of PGL₂(𝔽_q((t^-1))) by PGL₂(𝔽_q[t]) as a subset of distinct ordered triple points of ℙ¹(𝔽_q((t^-1))).

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.3952-3963
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• 2000

본 논문은 전광 트리 네트워크상에서 WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)을 이용한 파장 할당 및 경로 설정문제 즉, WRA 문제를 고려한다. 현재 전광 네트워크상에서 요청 노드쌍들을 연결하는 각각의 링크에서 서로 다른 파장을 할당해야 한다는 기술상에 제약조건을 안고 있다. 이것에 기반하여 본 논문에서는 일반트리구조상에서 분할정복방법을 이용하여 실제 모든 경로에 파장을 할당하는 다항시간 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘의 분석 결과는 0(Q.R)로 여기서 Q는 일반트리구조상의 모든 노드에서 다른 모든 노드로 가는 요청 노드쌍들의 수이며 R는 일반트리구조상에서 모든 경로에 대해 할당할 수 있는 최대 파장 술이다. 또한, 제안한 알고리즘을 팬티엄II233MHz에서 C언어로 구현하여 노드 수와 파장 수 그리고 수행시간에 대한 실험 결과를 제시한다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2018

보드게임에서는 많은 경우의 수의 말들과 많은 상태공간들을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 게임은 학습을 오래 하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 Q러닝 알고리즘을 이용했다. 그러나 강화학습은 학습초기에 학습속도가 느려지는 단점이 있다. 그러므로 학습을 하는 동안에 같은 최선의 값이 있을 때, 게임트리를 고려한 문제영역의 지식을 활용한 휴리스틱을 사용하여 학습의 속도향상을 시도하였다. 기존 구현된 말과 개선하여 구현된 말을 비교하기 위하여 보드게임을 제작했다. 그래서 일방적으로 공격하는 말과 승부를 겨루게 하였다. 개선된 말은 게임트리를 고려하여 상대방 말을 공격하였다. 실험결과 개선하여 구현된 말이 학습속도적인 면에서 향상됨 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권5A호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2012

LED-ID (Light Emitting Diode - Identification) is one of the key technologies for identification, data transmission, and illumination simultaneously. This is the new paradigm in the identification technology environment. There are many issues are still now challenging to achieve high performance in LED-ID system. Collision issue is one of them. Actually this is the most significant issue in all identification system. LED-ID system also suffers from collision problem. In our system, collision occurs when two or more readers transmit data to tag at the same time or vice versa. There are many anti-collision protocols to resolve this problem; such as: Slotted ALOHA, Basic Frame Slotted ALOHA, Query Tree, Tree Splitting, and Q-Algorithm etc. In this paper, we propose modified Q-Algorithm to resolve collision at tag. The proposed protocol is based on Q-Algorithm and used the information of arrived readers to a tag from neighbor. The information includes transmitting slot number of readers and the number of readers that can be arrived in next slot. Our proposed protocol can reduce the numbers of collision slot and the successful time to identify all readers. In this paper our simulation and theoretical results are presented.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2014

참나무류 종실에 대한 수종별 성분함량 특성을 비교하기 위하여 동일 환경조건에서 생산된 채종원산 상수리나무, 졸참나무, 굴참나무 및 신갈나무 종실의 전체 페놀, 탄닌류, 아미노산, 무기원소, 식이섬유소, 베타카로틴 등의 함량을 분석하였다. 탄닌의 함량은 수종간에 유의적 차이(p<0.05)가 있었다. 졸참나무에서 79 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, 이외 수종은 62 mg/g 전후로 유사한 함량을 나타냈다. 수용성 탄닌 함량은 졸참나무가 71 mg/g을, 이외의 수종은 45 mg/g 전후로 나타났다. 반면 비수용성 탄닌 함량은 졸참나무가 8.2 mg/g으로 가장 낮았고, 굴참나무 23.5 mg/g으로 가장 높게 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 식이섬유소 함량은 신갈나무 종실이 42%로 가장 높았고 졸참나무 38%, 상수리 및 굴참나무가 26% 전후로, 특히 졸참나무와 상수리나무의 클론간의 식이섬유소 함량을 비교한 결과 두 수종간에 유의적 차이(p<0.01)가 있었다. 무기성분 및 아미노산 함량은 신갈나무 종실이 다른 수종에 비해 높게 함유하는 경향이었다. 반면 베타카로틴은 신갈나무가 $10{\mu}g/100g$으로 가장 낮았고 굴참나무가 $520{\mu}g/100g$으로 가장 높은 경향이었다. 이상의 결과로 참나무 수종에 따른 도토리의 페놀성 화합물이나 영양성분의 함량은 수종 간에 차이가 있어 참나무 도토리의 종류에 따라 맛이나 영양학적으로 차이가 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 2007

This study was conducted to analysis the ecological characteristics of "Wando HolIy"$(llex{\times}wandoensis)$ which is expecting as a possible ornamental tree with its beautiful leaves, flowers and fruits, and to find special breeding material which have particular characteristics and also provide correct environmental information which are required for commercial cultivation. The hill of Galmoon-Ri, Gunoei-Myon, Jeonnam Province, Korea, were reported as a original habitat of native $llex{\times}wandoensis$. The investigation shows that soil pH of native habitat was 6.18, hardness was 2.39, humidity was 38.6%, direction of slope is SSW, and average inclination was $15^{\circ}. The vegetation around $I.{\times}wandoensis$ is occupied by trees like an Quercus variabilis, Q. serrata, Q. acuta and so on. These are mixed forest of deciduous trees. Tree height reached up to about 12m and its coverage is about 30%. Q. salicina, Camellia japonica, I. integra, Cryptomeria japonica account for sub-tree layer. Tree height is around 8m and coverage is about 20%. Shrub layer was taken by Viburnum furcatum, Callicarpa japonica, Styrax japonica, Eurya japonica, Lindera obtusiloba, Ligustrum japonicum, Smilax china, Cornus walteri etc. Tree height reaches around l.2m and coverage is around 20%. Herb layer includes Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Cymbidium goeringii, Dryopteris bissetiana, Disporum viridescens, Disporum smilacinum, Sasa borealis var. gracilis etc. Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, which are observed in southern evergreen zone, are dominant and its coverage is around 20%. The native habitat was in spoiled condition because of artificial thin out.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.853-860
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• 2003

Plants sequester atmospheric CO$_2$, a major agent of climate change, during the growing periods and mitigate its rising accumulation in the atmosphere. Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica are the native tree species dominant in the temperate forests of Korea. This study quantified the annual CO$_2$ uptake by the two species at forest sites in Chuncheon in the middle of the country. The quantification was based on seasonal measurements of CO$_2$ exchange rates under natural conditions by an infrared gas analyzer over the growing season (1999). The monthly CO$_2$ uptake per unit leaf area ranged from 1.6-6.7 mg/d㎡/h for P. densiflora and from 3.7-8.9 mg/d㎡/h for Q. mongolica, with a maximum in mid-summer. An equation for each species was generated to estimate easily the annual CO$_2$ uptake by total leaf area per tree, which subtracted the CO$_2$ release (i.e. respiration) by leaves and woody organs from the gross CO$_2$ uptake (diurnal uptake and release by leaves). Annual CO$_2$ release by leaves and woody organs accounted for 58-73％ of the gross CO$_2$ uptake across tree specimens. Annual CO$_2$ uptake per tree increased with increasing dbh (stem diameter at breast height) for the study diameter range, and was greater for Q. mongolica than for P. densiflora in the same dbh sizes. This was mainly associated with a greater total leaf area in the former. For example, the annual CO$_2$ uptake by one tree with dbh of 25 cm was 35.6 kg/yr for P. densiflora and 47.9 kg/yr for Q. mongolica. The results from this study can be applied to evaluate an atmospheric CO$_2$ reduction of woody plants by forest type and age class.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.471-484
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• 1994

The forest vegetation types and their structural characteristics in Mt. $Mud\v{u}ng$ were investigated by classification method and ordination method. The forest was classified into 7 communities by ristic composition table: Quercus monogolica community, Q. serrata community, Q.acutissima community, Q.variabilis community, Q.dentata community, Pinus densiflora community and Frainus mandshurica community. Considering the moisture gradient, two kinds of distributuin pattern were shown as follows; F. mandshurica, Q. acturissima, Platycarya strobilacea and Staphylea bumalda were distribute at moist habitats, while Q. monogolica, P. densiflora and Q.variabilis at dry habitats. In continuum analysis, each population occupied different distribution area but it was continuously overlapped. On the successional trends of tree species, it is postulated that Q. mongolica species might dominate the altitudinal zone over 700m.