• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1995

The experiment were carried out to obtain a somatic hybrid through protoplast fusion between P.hybrid and N. sanderae. The isoenzyme pattern he chromosome number and the phonotype were observed for genetic study on the regenerants obtained from the fusion product cultures. Putative somatic hybrids possessed all the bands that appeared in both mother plane. A specific band was found on the top of the banding pattern which was assumed to be a marker band of somatic hybrid between two genera. Aspartate amninotransferase isoenzyme bands which were found in both mother plane were also revealed in the putative somatic hybrids or deleted in the upper part of H. sanderae band pattern. The chromosome number of P.hybrida was 2n=14, while N, sanderae was 2n=18,but the number of the putative somatic hybrids ranged from n=32 to 36. The phonotype of putative somatic hybrids was intermediate of the mother plants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1968

Present investigation was carried out in order to make clear the fertility, morphological characters, and chromosome numbers of interspecific hybrids of Chrysanthemum Zauadskii, C. indicum, and C. lavandulaefolium. 1. Hybrids were not self-pollinated. When sib-crossed the fertility was 1.3~19.3%. 2. F2 individuals were variable in their morphological Characters. 3. Chromosome numbers of three putative parents were different from those reported previously: C. zawadskii 2n=36, C. indicum 2n=20, C. lavandulaefolium 2n=16, $C. indicum{\times}C. zawadskii 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-1 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-2 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-3 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-4 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-5 2n=28, C. zawadskii {\times}C. lavandulaefolium-1 2n=26, C. zawadskii{\times}C. lavandulaefolium-2 2n=26.$

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2001

Protoplasts isolated from inbred lines of Brassica oleracea L. var capitata (cabbage) and Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) were fused by PEG-mediated method, and somatic hybrid cells were differentiated into plants. for the identification of somatic hybrid plants, ploidy level, plant morphology, and cytological analysis were performed. All of the regenerated plants derived from fused protoplasts were shown to be 2X-4X, or higher ploidy level, presumably due to somatic hybridization or chromosome doubling. The morphology of leaves, petioles, and flowers showed an intermediate phenotype between Chinese cabbage and cabbage. Chromosome numbers in these somatic hybrids ranged mostly from 33 to 38. According to Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) pattern, signals from both fusion parents of B.campestris or B.oleracea were detected in different colors when chromosomes of putative somatic hybrids were observed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-80
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• 2005

Morphological variation of Quercus L. subgen. Quercus in Korea was examined by numerical methods including principal components analysis of major morphological characters. Principal components analysis revealed the presence of five major species groups of the subgen. Quercus in Korea; these include 1) a group consisiting of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis individuals, 2) Q. dentata, 3) Q. aliena, 4) Q. mongolica, and 5) Q. serrata. The putative interspecific hybrid individuals occupied intermediate position between the putative parent species in the PCA plot. The analysis also strongly suggested that size and shape of leaf blade and teeth or lobes, twig diameter, size and shape of nuts, and length and width of scales are very useful in distinguishing the species and the putative hybrids of the subgen. Quercus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

The purported four hybrid origins of Asplenium in Korea were tested based on morphological, cytological and DNA sequence data. Asplenium castaneo-viride, A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse, A. ${\times}$ montanus, and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae share several morphological characteristics with the Asian walking fern A. ruprechtii and related taxa as parents and show a sympatric distribution with the putative parents, raising the possibility of hybrid origins: A. castaneo-viride (A. ruprechtii and A. incisum), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (A. ruprechtii and A. pekinense), A. ${\times}$ montanus (A. ruprechtii, A. trichomanes, and A. incisum), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (A. ruprechtii and A. sarelii). We investigated flow cytometry and chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL, rps4-trnS, and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer) to clarify the hybridization and origin of each hybrid. In the flow cytometry analyses, A. ruprechtii shows diploid (2x) only, whereas A. castaneo-viride (3x, 4x), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (3x), A. ${\times}$ montanus (3x, 4x), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (2x, 4x) exhibit polyploidy, suggesting hybrid events along speciation. The rbcL and rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data suggest that A. ruprechtii is one the maternal ancestors of all four hybrids. In addition, the rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data indicate that A. incisum is also the maternal ancestor of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae and A. ${\times}$ montanus, proposing multiple hybridization events for these two hybrids. In A. ${\times}$ montanus, morphological features such as the leaf forms and sympatric distributions of the species also support the multimaternal hypothesis, but the morphological features of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae must be examined with consideration of hybrid events. To clarify the complex hybrid evolutionary lineages of the four Asplenium hybrids, further research with taxon sampling and molecular markers should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 2015

This research was conducted in order to understand the hybridization between Quercus aliena Blume and Q. serrata Murray in Korea which show wide range of morphological variations within species and interspecific variations of diverse overlapping characteristics caused by hybridization. Morphological analysis (principal components analysis; PCA) of 116 individuals representing two species and their intermediates were performed. As a result, two species were clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, and intermediate morpho-types assumed to be hybrids between the two species were mostly located in the middle of each parent species in the plot of the principal components analysis. There was a clear distinction between two species in trichome distribution pattern which is an important diagnostic character in taxonomy of genus Quercus, whereas intermediate morpho-types showed intermediate state between two species' trichome distributions. Forty-two individuals representing two species and their intermediates were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified: They were glycosylated derivatives of flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and myricetin. The flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena were five glycosylated derivatives: kaempferol 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside. The flavonoid constituents of Q. serrata had 20 diverse flavonol compounds including five flavonoid compounds found in Q. aliena. It was found that there is a clear difference in flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Flavonoid chemistry is very useful in recognizing each species and putative hybrids. The flavonoid constituents of intermediates were a mixture of the two species' constituents and they generally showed similar characteristics to morpho-types. The hybrids between Q. aliena and Q. serrata showed morphologically and chemically diverse characteristics and it is assumed that there are frequent interspecific hybridization and introgression.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1990

Protoplasts, isolated from leaf of N. tabacum NR-/SR+ and N. glottnosa were electrofused and divided with a plating efficiency of 30∼35% in AAPI 9M medium. Green callus lines were selected in protoplast-derived colonies on MSNO3 selection medium with 1.2mg/ml streptomycin sulfate on the basis of nitrate reductase proficiency and streptomycin resistance. Four putative hybrid plant lines regenerated from the green callus lines had intermediate morphology between that of parents with respect to floral shape, corolla length and ovate leaf blade. Zymograms of leaf peroxidase and esterase from these putative hybrid plant lines showed isozyme profiles derived from both parents and also, they exhibited additional and lost bands. Cytological analysis of two putative hybrid plant lines gave chromosome counts of 2n=66 in L22 and 2n=54 in L44 which were less than the expected number of N. tabacum(2n=48) and N. glutinosa(2n=24).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2015

Two new and one unrecorded hybrids of the genus Asplenium were newly found in Korea. They were proved to be hybrid based on intermediate morphology between putative parents. The first hybrid is $A.{\times}uiryeongse$ C.S. Lee & K. Lee (Aspleniaceae), nom. nov. (vernacular name: geo-mi-sa-cheol-go-sa-ri). This new hydrid is a cross between the Asian walking fern, A. ruprechtii and A. pekinens in Uiryeong-gil, Mt. Bukansan, Seoul, Korea. The other new one occurs in Mt. Seongsan in Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, $A.{\times}montanus$ C.S. Lee & K. Lee, nom. nov. (vernacular name: san-kko-ri-go-sa-ri) which might have experienced multiple hybridization events between A. ruprechtii ${\times}$ A. trichomanes and A. incisum following the hybrid between A. ruprechtii and A. trichomanes. In addition, one unrecorded hybrid, $A.{\times}kitazawae$ Kurata & Hutoh (vernacular name: geo-mi-dol-dam-go-sa-ri), reported first from Japan, is found in natural habitats in Do-dong, Daegu-si, and is a hybrid, between the Asian walking fern and A. sarelli. These hybrid taxa grow in sympatric regions with both putative parental species. The diagnostic characters for each taxon and evidence for their hybridization have been suggested. Descriptions, illustrations, and photographs of these hybrid taxa in their habitats are provided from Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.346-355
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• 2024

Groupers are economically important species in the fishery and aquaculture industries in Asian countries. Various species of grouper, including hybrids, have been brought to market even without precise species identification. In this study, we analyzed the structure and expression profile of the gene encoding prolactin (PRL) in the red-spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara based on genomic DNA and cDNA templates. The results showed that the PRL gene consists of five exons encoding an open reading frame of 212 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature structural protein of 188 amino acids. It showed amino acid identities of 99% with Epinephelus coioides, 83% with Amphiprion melanopus, 82% with Acanthopagrus schlegelii, 75% with Oreochromis niloticus, 70% with Coregonus autumnalis, and 67% with Oncorhynchus mykiss, indicating its closer similarity to E. coioides and other groupers but marked distinction from non-teleost PRLs. PRL mRNA expression was detected mostly in the brain, including the pituitary gland, with little expression in other tissues. While the 5-exon structure of the PRL gene of red-spotted grouper and the exon sizes were conserved, the sizes of the introns, particularly the first intron, were markedly different among the grouper species. To examine whether these differences can be used to distinguish groupers of similar phenotypes, exon-primed intron-crossing analysis was carried out for various commercially important grouper species. The results showed clear differences in size of the amplified fragment encompassing the first intron of the PRL gene, indicating that this method could be used to develop species-specific markers capable of discriminating between grouper species and their hybrids at the molecular level.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.243-253
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• 2015

Series Chinensis, Genus Iris, endemic to the far regions of East Asia, consists of four species and related varieties. This series is divided into two major groups (I. rossii and I. minutiaurea complex). In this study, the ITS region and matK gene sequences within nuclear ribosomal DNA and plastid DNA were analyzed in order to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among the I. minutiaurea complex (I. minutiaurea, I. odaesanensis, and I. koreana) and the taxonomic identities of a putative hybrid in Mt. Palgong. In the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) region, a total of 106 cloned genomic sequences from three taxa were obtained to study the intragenomic polymorphisms of the ITS regions. Three taxa revealed high levels of intragenomic polymorphisms, indicative of incomplete nrDNA concerted evolution. This incomplete ITS concerted evolution in the series Chinensis may be linked to the recent species divergence and frequent interspecies hybridization of the series Chinensis. In the matK gene, three taxa were fairly separated by eleven variable sites. In eight individuals collected on Mt. Palgong, putative hybrids between I. odaesanensis and I. minutiaurea were clustered in the I. minutiaurea clade in the NJ (neighbor-joining) tree based on the matK gene. However, in the ITS tree, some of them were clustered in the I. odaesanensis clade and others were clustered in the I. minutiaurea clade. Therefore, the individuals on Mt. Palgong were formed by the hybridization between two taxa (I. odaesanensis and I. minutiaurea) and not through the lineage of I. koreana.