• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2002

The implications of temperature (25,30 and 35$^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity (60, 70 and 80%) on the pupation patterns were studied in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Larvae of two pure silkworm breeds, Pure Mysore (PM) and NB4D2 and their hybrid, PM ${\times}4 NB4D2 were reared under experimental conditions under natural day photoperiodic (LD 12: 12) condition. The three developmental marker events viz., larval ripening, pharate pupal formation and pupal formation occurred at or around the beginning of the photo-phase. The computed of mean vector (equation omitted), based on the circular statistics, also confirmed the above. However, the length of mean vector, r and the mean vector angular variance, s varied according to temperature and humidity conditions imposed; the variations being non-significant. Extreme temperature and humidity conditions, however, resulted in reduction in pupation rate (%) for PM and PM ${\times}4 NB4D2. On the other hand, in NB4D2 pupation percentage reduced below the economic level. The temperature and humidity together seems to exert synergic impact on the pupation rate at least in the silkworm Bombyx mori, L.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.161-163
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• 2000

To assess effects of cold treatment on pupation and emergence of the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari, the larvae, which ceased feeding, were exposed to three different temperature regimes (2.5, 5 and 7.5$^{\circ}C$) and preservation periods (50, 80, and l10 days). The results indicated that pupation and emergence rates of A. germari were highest at $7.5^{\circ}C$ for 110 days, 40.7% and 37.0%, respectively, demonstrating that the effect of cold treatment on metamorphosis was approximately 3 to 4 fold stronger than that of nontreatment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 호랑나비의 용기 동안 혈림프, 지방체, 표피, 큐티클 및 중장에서 항산화효소의 활성을 조사하였다. 혈림프와 지방체에서 항산화효소 활성의 변화가 두드러지게 나타났다. SOD, CAT 및 GST의 활성은 높은 활성을 보인 반면, GPX와 GR은 상대적으로 활성이 매우 낮으므로 곤충의 변태기 동안 항산화과정에서 이들 효소의 역할은 매우 미미할 것으로 생각된다. 더불어 CAT의 활성은 대부분의 조직에서 용화 직후에 높은 활성을 보이며 상대적인 활성도 매우 높게 나타나고 있어 과산화수소의 분해에는 GPX보다는 CAT가 주로 관여할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 GPX와 GR의 활성보다는 GST의 활성이 전 조직에서 비교적 높게 나타나는 것으로 보아 lipid peroxidation을 통한 항산화 과정에도 GPX보다는 주로 GST가 관여할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2000

A new silkworm variety 'Yangwonjam'for both of spring and autumn rearing season is F$_1$hybrid between Jam 143, a Japanese race bred from H5R1/P8503 and Jam 144, a Chinese race from M8312/8190. This is the first both parent sex-limited larval marking variety in Korea, and which contributes to eggs production of F$_1$hybrid silkworm with saving labor. Jam 143, Japanese parent of the 'Yangwonjam'showed high GCA in pupation percentage and Jam 144, Chinese parent showed high GCA in pupation percentage and single cocoon weight. In the local adaptability test performed at 8 local areas in spring of 1998, Yangwonjam records 1% higher in pupation percentage and 5%, 4% lower in single cocoon weight, cocoon yield from 10,000 3rd molted larvae respectively than the check variety Kumokjam. Also in the resistance test against unfavorable rearing condition performed in spring of 1997, Yangwonjam records 9%, 14% lower in single cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight respectively than the check variety, but showed 1% higher in pupation percentage than check variety.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.189-191
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• 2010

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, has a worldwide distribution in the tropics and warm temperate regions and is active in the Korea from May through October. This species colonize a wide variety of decomposing vegetable and animal matter and oviposits in a variety of decomposing materials. In this study, how the black soldier fly pupation, adult emergence and mating rate changed with season at the artificial rearing system was investigated. The black soldier fly larvae and pupae were reared under laboratory condition ($27^{\circ}C$, 60% R.H.). In this study, under the laboratory condition, pupation and adult emergence were not influenced by season, but the data shows definitely different mating numbers throughout whole year. The time of the day is changed with seasons and it influence to mating on artificial rearing. To culture the black soldier fly throughout the year in Korea needs a more deep study under the artificial rearing system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

Silkworm pupa has been used as an edible insect with the high quality of protein and unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, antioxidant activities of pupa according to variety, pupation day, sex, and extraction solvent were analyzed. The 30% ethanol extract showed highest radical scavenging activity compared with the DW, hexane, and 70-100% ethanol extracts. In the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay according to the type of pupa, the antioxidant effect was increased in female with the early stage of pupation day. In cell-based assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was decreased in pupa groups by -30 to -50% followed by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) treatment. The ROS levels were significantly reduced in 7^th day in each variety. In conclusion, the free radical and ROS scavenging effects were increased in female pupa with the early pupation day. The result could be used for development of bioactive materials using silkworm pupa.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2002

A new non-cocooning silkworm variety, Hachojam, suitable for autumn rearing season is single cross Fl hybrid between Japanese race Jam 307 and Chinese race Jam 126. Jam 307, Japanese parent of the Hachojam, which is a source for non-cocooning process showed a high GCA (generation combining ability) in naked pupation rate and Jam 126, Chinese parent, showed a high GCA in pupation rate and single pupal weight. In the local adaptability test performed at 8 local areas in autumn of 1999 to 2000, the naked pupation rate and thin cocoon rate of Hachojam were 64.7% and 35.3% , respectively. The pupal weight calculated from 10,000 of the 3rd molted larvae was 24% heavier in Hachcjam than the cocoon-producing, check variety Daesungjam.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2004

The combining abilities in the 5 newly evolved thermo tolerant breeds viz., SR6, SR7, SR8 SR9 and SR10 of silkworm Bombyx mori L. and their 15 hybrids were made in a line${\times}$tester crossing programme. Data were analysed for seven quantitative traits i.e., pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, filament length and raw silk percentage under optimum room temperature $(25{\pm}{1^{\circ}C})$ conditions (In case of high temperature $(36{\pm}{1^{\circ}C})$ stress conditions five economic traits except filament length and raw silk percentage) with 3 widely adapted testers i.e., KA, CSR2 and CC1 as lines (females) and testers (males) respectively. The performance at high temperature and low humidity conditions aye only taken into consideration for selecting the best lines/hybrids. Among the lines SR6 exhibited positive General combining ability (GCA) effects for pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight and cocoon shell ratio traits, followed by SR7 for pupation rate, cocoon yield and cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio. Among testers, KA exhibited positive GCA effects for two quantitative traits cocoon yield, cocoon weight and CSR2 for cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio under adverse temperature conditions. The hybrid SR6${\times}$CC1 and SR7${\times}$CSR2 exhibited significant positive Specific combining ability (SCA) effects for majority of the traits in high temperature stress conditions of rearing. The better parent value of heterosis(Heterobeltiosis) was exhibited by the hybrid SR6${\times}$CC1 for pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight and SR7${\times}$CSR2 for all the trails evaluated under high temperature conditions. Based on the results, the lines SR6 and SR7 was judged as best combiners and the hybrids SR6${\times}$CC1 and SR7${\times}$CSR2 can be selected for commercial exploitation in tropical climate.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 1995

비름과 다년생 초분류의 Acyranthes속 식물인 쇠무릎에서 phytoecdysone을 추출하여 누에에 첨식시킨 후 누에의 등족촉진효과에 관한 생물검정을 실시하였다. 1. 쇠무릎에서 추출정제한 phytoecdysone을 정량한 결과, 건물 1Kg당 355mg이 회수되었으며, TLC 동정 결과 $\beta$0ecdysone과 동일한 물질로 판명되었다. 2. Phytoecdysone 투여후 약 4시간째부터 처리구가 대조구에 비해 등족율이 높아졌으며, 등족완료시간도 짧았다. 3. Phytoecdysone 투여 효과는 춘잠기와 하잠기(불량환경)간에 차이를 보였다. 춘잠기에는 등족촉진효과 만이 인정되었을뿐 견질 및 화용비율은 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었으나, 하잠기에는 등족촉진효과 뿐만 아니라 화용 비율도 크게 향상되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2007

Ethanol extract of 20 botanicals in 3 concentrations i.e., 2.5%, 5% and 10% were evaluated for their efficacy to improve reproductive performance of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mod L.) through feeding botanical enriched mulberry leaves during $2^{nd}$ day of $4^{th}$ age as well as $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$ day of $5^{th}$ age larvae. The preliminary screening was done by ranking the botanicals based on influence in most important reproductive contributing parameters such as single cocoon weight, effective rate of rearing, pupation rate, fecundity and recovery of eggs/kg cocoon. Five botanicals viz., Asparagus recemosus, Achyranthes aspera, Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Parthenium histerophorus ranked first were further evaluated at 8% 5% and 3% concentrations to confirm their effectiveness and standardize effective concentration. Among the rearing parameters, mature larval weight, shell ratio and number of cocoons/kg were not significantly influenced by the treatments. However, reproductive parameters such as effective rate of rearing (wt), pupation rate (%), fecundity (No.) and egg recovery (g)/kg cocoon were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the botanicals. Higher fecundity and egg recovery were obtained on treatment with Withania somnifera irrespective of concentrations. However at 5% concentration, pupation rate, fecundity as well as egg recovery were found significantly higher than that of other concentrations, confirming its effectiveness for improving reproductive efficiency.