• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 1999

This paper describes a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulator and demodulator and the experimented underwater data ommunication equipment to transfer the analog echo signal in real-time from an underwater vehicle to the mother ship. The system consists of an echo signal transfer unit equipped to the vehicle and an ultrasonic receiver equipped on the ship. The former includes an ultrasonic transceiver unit of 180kHz for echo detection and a continuous wave transmitter of 50kHz with a FSK modulator for echo transmission to the ship. The latter includes an ultrasonic receiver of 50kHz and the FSK demodulator. The results of experiment are as follows. 1. The characteristics of the FSK modulating and demodulating circuits designed with the use of C-MOS IC 4046 was good and confirmed its usefulness in underwater data communication system.2. The prototype ultrasonic transceiver unit shows profitable driving power while the pulse duration was short less than 3 msec, but it was found that the driving power is not sufficient while the long pulse duration or continuous wave is used. The gain of the ultrasonic receiver was 80 dB and the receiving bandwidth 700Hz (at - 3 dB point).3. It was found that the system designed by the author has some possibility to use in underwater echo transfer.4. At the FSK modulator, the widths of voltage and frequency which represent linearity were 3.5 V, 1600Hz, respectively, at the FSK demodulator 2.6 V, 700Hz, respectively.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.285-285
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• 1999

This paper describes a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulator and demodulator and the experimented underwater data ommunication equipment to transfer the analog echo signal in real-time from an underwater vehicle to the mother ship. The system consists of an echo signal transfer unit equipped to the vehicle and an ultrasonic receiver equipped on the ship. The former includes an ultrasonic transceiver unit of 180kHz for echo detection and a continuous wave transmitter of 50kHz with a FSK modulator for echo transmission to the ship. The latter includes an ultrasonic receiver of 50kHz and the FSK demodulator. The results of experiment are as follows. 1. The characteristics of the FSK modulating and demodulating circuits designed with the use of C-MOS IC 4046 was good and confirmed its usefulness in underwater data communication system.2. The prototype ultrasonic transceiver unit shows profitable driving power while the pulse duration was short less than 3 msec, but it was found that the driving power is not sufficient while the long pulse duration or continuous wave is used. The gain of the ultrasonic receiver was 80 dB and the receiving bandwidth 700Hz (at - 3 dB point).3. It was found that the system designed by the author has some possibility to use in underwater echo transfer.4. At the FSK modulator, the widths of voltage and frequency which represent linearity were 3.5 V, 1600Hz, respectively, at the FSK demodulator 2.6 V, 700Hz, respectively.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2008

초음파를 이용한 추진기관의 접착 계면 검사는 결함 검출 능력과 경제성이 우수하다고 알려져 있다. 하지만, 추진기관의 접착 구조는 다중 계면이므로 송신 펄스와 수신 펄스의 시간 간격이 짧아서 반사 신호의 분리가 어렵기 때문에 초음파의 신호 분석에는 많은 시간과 노력이 소요된다. 이런 이유로 추진기관의 초음파시험은 연소관과 내열재 사이의 미접착 결함과 같이 극히 제한된 영역에 대해서만 자동화 시스템으로 수행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 초음파시험으로 검출이 불가능했던 라이너와 추진제 미접착 결함을 초음파의 공진 현상과 램파 특성을 이용하여 검출하는 새로운 기법에 대해 기술하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.931-942
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• 2013

In this study, we analyzed and compared the ultrasonic welding with the laser welding for the pure aluminium thin plates in a series of secondary lithium-ion batteries which are currently being produced by the ultrasonic welding; and performed the experiment for the purpose of the preceding study to replace the ultrasonic welding method with the laser welding method. As a result, the weld width of ultrasonic welding was 5mm, but that of laser welding was about 1~1.5 mm. As a result of tension test, the tensile strength was high when the pulse duration hour was short at the low peak power, while the high tensile strength was achieved when the pulse duration hour was long at the high peak power. The value of tensile strength was higher in the ultrasonic welding while the laser welding showed a maximum 45% better result as for the welding width.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.55-59
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• 2007

초음파를 이용한 추진기관의 접착 계면 검사는 결함 검출 능력과 경제성이 우수하다고 알려져 있다. 하지만, 추진기관의 접착 구조는 다중 계면이므로 송신 펄스와 수신 펄스의 시간 간격이 짧아서 반사 신호의 분리가 어렵기 때문에 초음파의 신호 분석에는 많은 시간과 노력이 소요된다. 이런 이유로 추진기관의 초음파시험은 연소관과 내열재 사이의 미접착 결함과 같이 극히 제한된 영역에 대해서만 자동화 시스템으로 수행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 초음파시험으로 검출이 불가능했던 라이너와 추진제 미접착 결함을 초음파의 공진 현상과 램파 특성을 이용하여 검출하는 새로운 기법에 대해 기술하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2016

Measurement of elastic constants is crucial for engineering aspects of predicting the behavior of materials under load as well as structural health monitoring of material degradation. Ultrasonic velocity measurement for material properties has been broadly used as a nondestructive evaluation method for material characterization. In particular, pulse-echo method has been extensively utilized as it is not only simple but also effective when only one side of the inspected objects is accessible. However, the conventional technique in this approach measures longitudinal and shear waves individually to obtain their velocities. This produces a set of two data for each measurement. This paper proposes a simultaneous sensing system of longitudinal waves and shear waves for elastic constant measurement. The proposed system senses both these waves simultaneously as a single overlapped signal, which is then analyzed to calculate both the ultrasonic velocities for obtaining elastic constants. Therefore, this system requires just half the number of data to obtain elastic constants compared to the conventional individual measurement. The results of the proposed simultaneous measurement had smaller standard deviations than those in the individual measurement. These results validate that the proposed approach improves the efficiency and reliability of ultrasonic elastic constant measurement by reducing the complexity of the measurement system, its operating procedures, and the number of data.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.320-330
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• 2000

It is desirable to perform nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to assess material properties and part homogeneity because the manufacturing of carbon/carbon brake disks requires complicated and costly processes. In this work several ultrasonic techniques were applied to carbon/carbon brake disks (322mm ad, 135mm id) for the evaluation of spatial variations in material properties that are attributable to the manufacturing process. In a large carbon/carbon disk manufactured by chemical vapor infiltration (CYI) method, the spatial variation of ultrasonic velocity was measured and found to be consistent with the densification behavior in CYI process. Low frequency (e.g., 1-5MHz) through-transmission scans based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse were used for mapping out the material property inhomogeneity. Images based on both the amplitude and the time-of-flight of the transmitted ultrasonic pulse showed significant variation in the radial direction. The radial variations in ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were attributed to a density variation caused by the more efficient densification of pitch impregnation near the id and od and by the less efficient densification away from the exposed edged of the disk. Ultrasonic velocities in the edges of the disk. Ultrasonic velocities in the thickness direction were also measured as a function of location using dry-coupling transducers ; the results were consistent with the densification behavior. However, velocities in the in-plane directions (circumferential and radial) seemed to be affected more by the relative contents of fabric and chopped fiber, and less by the void content.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 1991

이 논문(論文)은 양생조건(養生條件)에 따른 알카리 실리카 반응(反應)이 인공경량골재 콘크리트의 공학적(工學的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향에 관한 것으로서, 이 연구(硏究)에 의하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1 각 콘크리트의 팽창은 재령이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 재령 90일에서 Type A, B, C 및 D 콘크리트의 팽창율은 각각 0.173%, 0.575%, 0.230% 및 0.680%로 되었다. 특히, Type D는 Type A 콘크리트 보다 3.93 배(倍)의 팽창율을 보였고, 팽창이 증가함에 따라 균열폭도 증가되었으며 팽창율 0.680%에서 균열의 최대폭은 0.5 mm를 나타냈다. 2. 각 콘크리트의 동탄성 계수는 재령이 증가할수록 증가하여, 재령 30일에서 최대치를 나타냈고, 그 이후부터는 점차 감소하였다. 또한, 재령 90일에서 Type A, B, C 및 D 콘크리트의 동탄성 계수 손실율은 각각 24.3%, 33.7%, 28.1% 및 37.0% 로 되었으며, Type D는 Type A 콘크리트 보다 1.52 배(倍)의 손실율을 보였다. 3. 각 콘크리트의 초음파 진동속도는 재령이 증가할수록 증가하여 재령 30일에서 최대치를 나타냈고, 그 이후부터는 점차 감소하였다. 또한, 재령 90일에서 Type A, B, C 및 D 콘크리트의 초음파 진동속도 손실율은 각각 6.4%, 8.7%, 8.5% 및 14.2% 증가하였으며, 손실율은 Type D가 Type A 콘크리트 보다 2.21 배(倍) 크게 나타났다. 4. 동탄성 계수와 초음파 진동속도와의 상관관계(相關關係)는 고도(高度)의 유의성이 인정되었으며, 동탄성 계수는 초음파 진동속도가 증가할수록 증가되었고, 감소할수록 감소하였다. 또한, 동탄성 계수의 감소율은 각 재령에서 초음파 진동속도 감소율 보다 2-7배 이상 크게 나타났다. 5 동탄성 계수와 초음파 진동속도는 팽창이 증가함에 따라 감소하였고, 그 감소율은 재령이 증가함에 따라 증가되었으며, 팽창의 증가율은 동탄성 계수와 초음파 진동속도의 감소율 보다 더 크게 나타났다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2001

비파괴 평가 기술들 중의 하나인 레이저 초음파 응용 기술은 각종 구조물에 존재하는 표면결함에 의한 신호를 통해 건전성을 평가하는 기법이다. 따라서 결함의 신뢰성 높은 정량적 평가를 위해서는 결함으로부터의 레이저 초음파 신호특성에 대한 기본적 이해가 필수적이며 따라서 이를 위한 신호해석 연구가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 레이저유도 초음파에 의한 one-sided 기법을 이용하여 표면균열을 평가하고자 하였다. 하지만 레이저를 이용한 평가방법들은 수신된 신호의 해석이 까다로우며 또한 상당한 전문적인 지식이 요구된다. 웨이블렛 변환(wavelet transform, WT) 기법은 신호처리 분야에서 하나의 새로운 방법으로서 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있으며 특히 한 시점에 대한 주파수 분해가 가능한 신호처리 방법으로서 시간-주파수 분석에 아주 유용하게 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 레이저 유도 초음파를 이용하여 재료의 표면 결함신호들에 대한 웨이블렛 변환기법을 적용하여 보다 정량적인 결함 크기를 예측하고 그 타당성을 평가하고자 하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.657-666
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• 2020

A rotational pulse-echo ultrasonic propagation imager that can inspect cylindrical specimens for material nondestructive evaluations is proposed herein. In this system, a laser-generated ultrasonic bulk wave is used for inspection, which enables a clear visualization of subsurface defects with a precise reproduction of the damage shape and size. The ultrasonic waves are generated by a Q-switched laser that impinges on the outer surface of the specimen walls. The generated waves travel through the walls and their echo is detected by a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) at the same point. To obtain the optimal Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the measured signal, the LDV requires the sensed surface to be at a right angle to the laser beam and at a predefined constant standoff distance from the laser head. For flat specimens, these constraints can be easily satisfied by performing a raster scan using a dual-axis linear stage. However, this arrangement cannot be used for cylindrical specimens owing to their curved nature. To inspect the cylindrical specimens, a circular scan technology is newly proposed for pulse-echo laser ultrasound. A rotational stage is coupled with a single-axis linear stage to inspect the desired area of the specimen. This system arrangement ensures that the standoff distance and beam incidence angle are maintained while the cylindrical specimen is being inspected. This enables the inspection of a curved specimen while maintaining the optimal SNR. The measurement result is displayed in parallel with the on-going inspection. The inspection data used in scanning are mapped from rotational coordinates to linear coordinates for visualization and post-processing of results. A graphical user interface software is implemented in C++ using a QT framework and controls all the individual blocks of the system and implements the necessary image processing, scan calculations, data acquisition, signal processing and result visualization.