• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.131-154
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• 2000

<난경(難經)>은 <내경(內經)>의 사상(思想)을 보다 자세(仔細)하고 심도(深度)있게 문답(問答)을 가설(假說)하여 의난(疑難)을 해석하는 방식으로 편찬된 서적(書籍)으로써, 논술(論述)은 기초이론(基礎理論)을 위주로 하고, 또 일부 병설(病說)도 분석(分析)하였는데 그 내용이 간요(簡要)하며, 변석(辨析)이 매우 정미(精微)하게 되어있다. 그 중 1-23난(難)은 맥(脈)을 논(論)하고, 23-29난(難)은 경락(經絡)을 논(論)하고, 30-47난(難)은 장부(臟腑)를 논(論)하고, 48-61난(難)은 병(病)을 논(論)하고, 62-68난(難)은 혈도(穴道)를 논(論)하고, 69-81난(難)은 침법(鍼法)을 논(論)하였다. 특히 <난경(難經)>에는 진법(診法)으로써 오늘날까지 한의학의 맥진방법(脈診方法)으로써, 가장 많이 응용되고 있는 '독취촌구법(獨取寸口法)'을 명확하게 밝히고 있다. 이에 본(本) 저자(著者)는 <난경(難經)>의 맥론(脈論)에 대한 이해를 높이기 위하여 <난경지연구(難經之硏究)>를 중심으로 1-23난(難)에 나오는 맥론(脈論)들을 정리하여 다음과 같이 정리하였다. 팔십일(八十一) 난경중(難經中) 일난(一難)부터 삼십삼난(三十三難)까지의 맥학(脈學)에 관(關)한 조문중(條文中)에는, 백맥(百脈)이 조회(朝會)하고 그 시작(始作)과 끝이 되는 촌구(寸口)를 중심개념(中心槪念)으로 하고 정상적(正常的)인 생리적(生理的) 맥(脈)과 병적(病的)인 맥(脈)이 대비(對比)되면서 제시(提示)되어있다. 1. 십난(十難)에서 오사(五邪)와 강유(剛柔)의 이론(理論)과 각(各) 장부(臟腑)의 고유(固有)한 맥상(脈狀)이 등장(登場)하고 있다. 2. 십삼난(十三難)에서는 색(色)과 맥(脈), 형육(形肉)의 세가지 요소(要素)가 상응(相應) 또는 상승(相勝)하는가에 따라서 병(病)의 난(難) 역치(易治)를 결정(決定)한다고 하였다. 3. 십사난(十四難)에서는 맥(脈)을 손(損)(지맥(遲脈))과 지(至)(수맥(數脈))으로 구분하는데, 맥(脈)의 손(損)에 따른 이경(離經), 탈정(奪精), 사(死), 절명(絶命)의 구분(區分)과, 맥(脈)의 지(至)에 따른 이경(離經), 탈정(奪精), 사(死), 절명(絶命)을 구분(區分)을 설명(說明)하였다. 4. 십오난(十五難)에서는 현(弦), 구(鉤), 모(毛), 석맥(石脈)으로 사시(四時)에 따라서 맥(脈)이 다르다는 것을 말하였다. 이와같이 난경(難經)에서는 "독취촌구(獨取寸口)"의 맥법(脈法)을 명화(明確)하게 확립(確立)하였으며, <내경(內經)>의 이론(理論)을 더욱 다져서 진일보(進一步)시키면서도 <내경(內經)>과는 다른 독창적(獨創的) 이론(理論)을 제시(提示)한 것이 <난경(難經)>의 가치(價値)를 더하게 하였다.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to show the importance of Shanghanlun(傷寒論) paleography. Shanghanlun(傷寒論) must be thoroughly reinterpreted through graphonomy evidence. Methods : The object of this study is Gangpyeong-Shanghanlun(康平傷寒論), which is known as the oldest edition of Shanghanlun(傷寒論). This study compares the paleographic meaning of Shanghanlun(傷寒論), Mai(脈), Shanghanlun provisions 96 and 103 to existing interpretations. Results : Mai(脈) doesn't mean 'Radial pulse(Chon.Gwan.Cheok)' in Shanghanlun(傷寒論), so the meaning of Mai(脈) should be redefined. Mai(脈) means 'Continuous movement of human body' based on Chinese paleography. Also it's being verified as reasonable hypothesis in recent clinical researches. In addition, Shanghanlun(傷寒論) paleography makes it possible to grasp the true intention of Zhang Zhongjing(張仲景). Conclusions : Shanghanlun(傷寒論) paleography has a limit that it cannot be perfectly applied to clinical diagnosis. Also, it may not represent the whole meaning of Shanghanlun (傷寒論). Therefore, the value of Shanghanlun(傷寒論) reinterpretation should be recognized through this study, and we should continuously find out future values from Shanghanlun(傷寒論).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of our investigation is to determine degrees of concordance rate among interpreters. Furthermore, we have examined how much concordance rate to come out when beginners have been compared with the pulse analyzer. Methods : Thirty-nine volunteers were enrolled for this study. These subjects took a 5-minute rest in a sitting position as instructed by the protocol. As they were not allowed to move or speak, radial artery pulse conditions were measured on the lower arm of each subject by means of the pulse analyzer under investigation. Two Korean medical doctors, who did not know the status of default pulse conditions, were also instructed to intuitively choose the most corresponding one in comparison with 13 default pulse conditions. Subsequently, we investigated results between interpreters as well as results between interpreter and pulse analyzer. Results : The total concordance rate, with similar concordance rates being included, between interpreters, between interpreter A and pulse analyzer, and between interpreter B and pulse analyzer was 56.4%, 79.5%, and 71.8% respectively. In faint fine weak pulse(微細弱脈) case, interpreter A and B selected 6 and 7 cases respectively, matched the concordance rate 5, and corresponded separately with the pulse analyzer interpreting 8 cases. Conclusions : In case of skipping pulse 2(促2脈), short pulse(短脈), faint fine weak pulse(微細弱脈), the concordance between interpreters also matches with results drawn from the pulse analyzer. The concordance rate goes higher in proportion with such smaller pulse conditions as faint fine weak pulse(微細弱脈) and short pulse(短脈).

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.101-119
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• 2014

Objectives : In Dong-uibogam, Heo Jun used the concept of 'Physical symptom(形證)' that had not used frequently in practical description of pathological condition. Especially, He used the terminology, 'Physical symptom(形證)' as a title in the Han(寒) Chapter that described Sanghan(傷寒). Methods : It has been done to analyse verses that include the concept of 'Physical symptom(形證)' in Dong-uibogam. And, to find the context including the terminology diachronically. Results : Diachronically, 'physical symptom' and 'pulse sign' had been considered as bilateral factors of disease, and Heo jun cognized the concept of 'Physical symptom' in these means in Dong-uibogam. Conclusions : Introducing the concept of 'Physical symptom' is an important decision of Heo Jun, it can express the purpose of an observation to objective symptoms.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2011

Objectives : The study on the affected factor of the pulse wave is important in the pulse wave part. The purpose of this study is to secure the objective data of pulse-wave parameter on the food intakes affected the radial pulse-wave. Methods : The study was carried out healthy adult men. We researched the blood circulation index and the changes of the pulse factor according to 'before meal', 'right after meal', '30 minute after meal', '1 hour after meal' and '2 hours after meal'. We analyzed the changes according the time schedule. And analyzed the difference between 'before meal' and 'after meal'on the pulse-wave parameter. Results : The results were as follows. 1. HR, ECO and ECI were showed the highest increase 'after meal' and the significant decrease in '2 hours after meal' with 'before meal' degree. 2. In the pulse energy, 'left hand average pulse energy' was showed the highest increase 'after meal', and 'right hand average pulse energy' and 'right Quan(關)' were showed the highest increase in '30 minute after meal'. 3. h1 of '6 part of left and right hand'(Chon-Quan-Chuk, 寸關尺) was showed the significant difference statistically in 'left Chuk' and 'right Quan'. 4. T was showed the highest 'before meal' and the lowest after meal in '6 part of left and right' (Chon-Quan-Chuk, 寸關尺). 5. RAI was showed the highest 'before meal' in '6 part of left and right'(Chon-Quan-Chuk 寸關尺). Conclusions : From the about results, the food intakes was considered important factor of pulse formation. On the factor affected the pulse, we considered that continuous study needs for the future.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2013

A descriptive, comparative study was performed using female college students as experimental subjects. The primary objective was to compare the changes in pulse waves that take place during normalcy and during menstruation. The second objective was to compare the pulse waves of experimental subjects with severe menstrual pain and experimental subjects with minor or no menstrual pain during menstruation and during normalcy. The subjects of this experiment were female college students attending D University, located in Pusan, and the data were collected from September 2011 to February 2012. Their blood circulation index and pulse-wave factors were measured. During normalcy, these data were gauged a week to ten days after menstruation, and during menstruation, they were gauged two to three days after the start of menstruation, when the menstrual pain was at its peak. The results was as follows. In the characteristics of the blood circulation index, the index increased during menstruation, resulting in an increase in only the blood volume of the left ventricle. And the pulse energy of the left Chon, Kwan, Cheok and right Cheok were significantly higher during menstruation. Additionally, the average pulse energy in the left hand was distinctively lower in the menstrual group than in the normalcy group. There is a difference in blood pulse factors between normalcy and during menstruation, as well as a difference in blood pulse factors in experiment group without menstrual pain and experiment group with menstrual pain. These differences were particularly observed in the blood circulation index, pulse energy.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제9권
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• pp.73-93
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• 2000

상한론(傷寒論)은 이(理) 법(法) 방(方) 약(藥)의 합치(合致)에 중점(重點)을 두었고, 선녹(選錄)한 방제(方劑) 또한 대부분 실용적(實用的)이고 유효(有效)하므로 높은 임상적(臨床的) 실용가치(實用價値)가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 후세(後世) 임상의학(臨床醫學)의 발전(發展)에도 심원(深遠)한 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 상한론(傷寒論)은 맥(脈)과 증(證)을 모두 중시(重視)하는 원칙(原則)으로 보다 유기적(有機的)인 진단방법(診斷方法)을 만들어내어 진단학(診斷學)의 발전(發展)에 있어서도 기여한 바가 크다. 이에 상한론(傷寒論)의 맥증(脈證)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 첫째 음맥(陰脈)과 양맥(陽脈), 이십칠맥(二十七脈), 양강맥(兩綱脈), 육요맥(六要脈)으로 분류(分類)할 수 있으며, 후대(後代)의 맥진(脈診) 분류(分類)와도 상응(相應)하여, 맥(脈)과 증(證)을 변증(辨證)의 주요(主要)한 근거(根據)로 삼아 변증론치(辨證論治)의 원칙(原則)을 확립(確立)하였다. 둘째 전체(全體) 398조문중(條文中)에서 맥증(脈證)과 관련(關聯)지을 수 있는 조문(條文)이 38%에 이르며, 맥증(脈證)이 상한(傷寒) 각(各) 단계(段階)의 전변(傳變), 병증(病症)의 기전(機轉), 병사(病邪)의 진퇴(進退)와 용약(用藥)의 근거(根據)가 됨을 알 수 있다. 셋째 각각(各各)의 맥증중(脈證中)에서 부맥(浮脈)이 가장 많이 나타났으며, 그외 미맥(微脈), 긴맥(緊脈), 침맥(沈脈) 등(等)의 음맥(陰脈)의 빈도(頻度)도 많았다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.165-193
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• 2008

Objective: The ECG which used for this paper, is analysis result from alogrisms of arrythmia, and we have studied that how we could certain Cold(寒)type or Heat(熱) type and that Deficiency(虛) type or Excess(實)type of organs from various special diseases, and we obtained like these results. Method & Conclusion: 1. we depend on our examination about Pulse(脈) because we can't discriminate arrythmia using ECG analysis instruments. 2. We obtained that Cold(寒) type diseases had wave that prolonged above normal baseline and ST wave which had downward aptitude. 3. We obtained that Heat(熱) type diseases had the fibrillation which had shortend wave that compare to normal and had downward aptitude or negative aptitude. 4. We obtained that Respiratory system (肺) diseases had wave that is within normal or is short of normal range and had much fluctuation in potential difference or trans on P wave. 5. The character of EKG which presented about diseases of gastric systems is prolonged above narmal range of wave, and the ECG had represented mixed wave with Heat(熱) type when accompany inflammatory in gastric system. 6. The wave of Blood Stasis(瘀血) type had upward aptitude of QRS wave, and the wave of anemia or blood loss type(少血) had downward aptitude of QRS wave, the wave which had both Cold(寒)) and Heat (熱) represented mixed waves. 7. The Knotted Pulse(結脈) and Intermittent Pulse(代脈)is corresponded with sinus brady cardia, and the Swift Pulsle(疾脈) is corresponded with fibrillation. 8. We pay attention to the relations of formations about pressures pulse from formations of EMD( electromechanical dissociation ). Result : From these results, we will have to study about ECG which using in tests of change of Parkinsons disease.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2024

Objectives : The objective of this study was to understand the Korean Medical understanding of the principles and physiology of breathing. Methods : Contents related to breathing were searched in the Korean Medical texts, after which they were categorized according to theme, then analyzed. Results : Breathing is a manifestation of life force originating from the 'innate original qi [先天一氣]'. Humans connect to the Heavenly qi-the origin of life- through breathing, through which the rhythm and consistency of yin/yang movement that enables maintenance of life qi could be embodied. The specific result of breathing is the circulation of qi and blood and the brightness of spirit. In addition, breathing is the process that connects human to heaven, allowing for the pulse or its rhythm to be maintained. Hence, breathing is alternately called 'the head of pulses'. Conclusions : Breathing in Korean Medicine goes beyond the scope of its biomedical understanding as a metabolic process of oxygen and carbon dioixde exchange, as it is concerned with the question of the origin of life. As such, the principle and effect of breathing is broadly connected to both innate and acquired life phenomena, wherein jing(精,) qi(氣,) shen(神) are all associated.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-106
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• 2008

The ECG which used for this paper, is analysis result from alogrisms of arrythmia, and we have studied that how we could certain Cold(寒 )type or Heat(熱) type and that Deficiency(虛) type or Excess(實)type of organs from various special diseases, and we obtained like these results. 1. we depend on our examination about Pulse(脈) because we can't discriminate arrythmia using EKG analysis instruments. 2. We obtained that Cold(寒) type diseases had wave that prolonged above normal baseline and ST wave which had downward aptitude. 3. We obtained that Heat(熱) type diseases had the fibrillation which had shortend wave that compare to normal and had downward aptitude or negative aptitude. 4. We obtained that Respiratory system (肺) diseases had wave that is within normal or is short of normal range and had much fluctuation in potential difference or trans on P wave. 5. The character of EKG which presented about diseases of gastric systems is prolonged above narmal range of wave, and the EKG had represented mixed wave with Heat(熱) type when accompany inflammatory in gastric system. 6. The wave of Blood Stasis(瘀血) type had upward aptitude of QRS wave, and the wave of anemia or blood loss type(少血 ) had downward aptitude of QRS wave, the wave which had both Cold(寒) and Heat (熱) represented mixed waves. 7. The Knotted Pulse(結脈) and Intermittent Pulse(代脈) is corresponded with sinus brady cardia, and the Swift Pulsle(疾脈) is corresponded with fibrillation. 8. We pay attention to the relations of formations about pressures pulse from formations of EMD( electromechanical dissociation ). From these results, we will have to study about EKG which using in tests of change of Parkinsons disease.