• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.349-352
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• 2006

The conventional pulping processes in Iran were reviewed in this paper. On account of forest resources restriction, a considerable extent of non-harvestable hardwood forests, the possibility of accessable non-wood resources and Poplar fast-growing species for using in pulp and paper industry was investigate. The cultivated area and abundance of each mentioned raw material (Wheat Straw, Sugarcane Bagasse, Poplars) were specified and the quality of their produced papers were compared in strength and opacity properties. Spruce species data was used for experiments comparisons. Regarding to environmental pollutions, low yield, inflexibility in wood and non-wood species resulted from the existent conventional processes of paper manufacturing, APMP is recommended due to high quality paper, desirable opacity properties, high yield and also the usage for all the raw materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.158-178
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.54-59
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.226-231
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• 1996

A serum-pulp method was applied to concentrate peach pulp with aroma recovery. The serum portion was concentrated to five-fold at $50{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ and $30{\sim}50$ mmHg with aroma recovery. The concentrated serum, insoluble pulp and aroma fraction were recombined to make a two-fold concentrated peach pulp. The results of GC and GC/MS analysis for volatile compounds and sensory evaluation of concentrated peach pulp indicated that flavor quality was significantly improved by addition of aroma fractions. A 10% aroma recovery appeared to be appropriate for peach pulp.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.617-632
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the anatomical structure and fiber quality of four lesser-used wood species namely Benuang (O. sumatrana), Duabanga (D. moluccana), Pisang Merah (H. hellwigii), and Terap (A. odoratissimus). This study evaluated its suitability for raw material in pulp and paper manufacturing. The anatomical structure was observed macro- and microscopically. Macroscopic structures were observed directly to the wood samples, while microscopic characteristics were observed through microtome specimens. Fiber dimension was measured through macerated specimens and fiber quality was analyzed following the Rachman and Siagian's method. Results showed that these four timber species have similarity in the indistinct growth ring, diffuse porous in a radial pattern, rounded solitary vessel outline, 1 to 3 cells of ray width, deposits within the rays, fiber length, and cell wall thickness. Differences were found on vessel diameter, vessel grouping, vessel frequency, tyloses existence, type of axial parenchyma, and ray height. Based on fiber length and its derived values, the wood fibers of all species studied are suitable for pulp and paper manufacturing. They belong to the II quality class. The produced pulp and paper would have good quality, especially in tensile, folding, and tear strength. To promote their utilization, silviculture aspect of these four species has to be well understood.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.4 s.117
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

Paper has fibers and fines network structure and it is strongly affected by interface bond-ing between fibers. Paper structural properties can be determined depending on the inter-fiber bonding. Fines play an important role in Campbell and consolidation effect through wet pressing and drying operations. The fines are essential for the formation of bonds between fibers and for the improvement of strength properties of papers. Since the fines are components of the pulp, there are always two factors to be considered: the quality and quantity of the fines. The quality of fines might be a potential variable to give a more accurate picture of the papermaking potential of the pulp. The object of this study is to investigate the effect of different types of pulp fines on the properties of paper and to access the potential of fines for controlling the bulk of paper. Refined Sw-BKP, Hw-BKP and BCTMP fines were used to investigate the fines effect. Wet-web strength, breaking length, scattering coefficient, and hydrodynamic specific volume, and drying shrinkage were measured. According to the results, chemical and morphological compositions of fines do not strongly affect to wet-web forming by their similar Campbell effect, but strongly affect to drying operation which forms hydrogen bonding among fiber-fines-fiber matrixes. Paper bulk should be controlled by the extent of hydrogen bonding between fibers during drying operation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2007

A $3{\times}3$ factorial design experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and duration of storage on the fermentation quality of potato pulp ensiled with two fungal inoculants under laboratory conditions. The inoculants, Rhizopus oryzae (R) and Amylomyces rouxii (A) were each added to potato pulp material to contain at least $1{\times}10^6$ CFU/g fresh matter, and silages without additives served as controls. The silages were stored under three temperature regimes; 4, 12 and $25^{\circ}C$. Three silos per treatment from every temperature regime were opened on days 7, 24 and 40 days after ensiling to investigate treatment effects on fermentation quality, starch and sugar concentrations. Increase in temperature and duration of storage had a positive significant effect (p<0.01) on the fermentation quality of potato pulp silage (PPS). The inoculants had little effect (p>0.05) on the fermentation quality of the silages. Sugar concentration in the silages decreased with increase in temperature (p<0.01) but increased (p<0.05) with progression of duration of storage. The fungal inoculants had no effect on starch degradation in PPS. The results suggest that storage temperature and duration of storage are more important in determining the rate of fermentation than addition of the fungal inoculants in PPS.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.48.1-48.11
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• 2020

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify mean oxygen saturation values (SpO₂) using pulse oximetry in permanent maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde electronic databases were searched. Combinations and variations of "oximetry" AND "dental pulp test" were used as search terms. Studies reporting means and standard deviations of SpO₂ values were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and all analyses were performed using R software. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Of the 251 studies identified, 19 met the eligibility criteria and were included (total sample, 4,541 teeth). In the meta-analysis, the mean SpO₂ values were 84.94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.85%-85.04%) for the central incisors, 89.29% (95% CI, 89.22%-89.35%) for the lateral incisors, and 89.20% (95% CI, 89.05%-89.34%) for the canines. The studies were predominantly low-quality due to the high risk of bias associated with the index test, unclear risk regarding patient selection, and concerns about outcome assessment. Conclusions: Although most studies were low-quality, the oxygen saturation levels in normal pulp could be established (minimum saturation, 77.52%). Despite the risk of bias of the included studies, the reference values reported herein are clinically relevant for assessments of changes in pulp status.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

Beating and using chemical agents are common methods to improve physical properties. But the beating is high energy consumption process and chemical agent addition may cause deteriorate waste water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to use more environment-friendly methods. In this study, micro pulp was used in the handsheet making to get improving effects of physical properties without beating treatment and chemicals. Stiffness, thickness and air permeability were increased and strength properties of paper were also improved to some extents by only the micro pulp addition.