• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : Clinical suspicion and appropriate diagnostic procedures are essential for the timely management of extrapulmonary type of mycobacterial disease. In the hope of suggesting a suitable guideline for the early diagnosis of laryngeal tuberculosis, the authors reviewed their clinical pathways and the characteristics of patients with laryngeal tuberculosis who were managed in the recent 10 years at a single tertiary referral hospital, Samsung Medical Center. Subjects and Method : Retrospective chart review was performed for the 25 adult patients with laryngeal tuberculosis. Among 25 cases, 12 were pathologically confirmed by laryngeal biopsy and the other 13 were clinically diagnosed by cumulative clinical information; definite laryngitis on laryngoscopy, positive AFB (acid fast bacillus) smear/culture or active pulmonary tuberculosis on chest X-ray, and substantial response to anti-tuberculosis medication. Results : Chest X-ray revealed active pulmonary tuberculosis in 72% of patients (N=18/25). Sputum AFB smear/culture was positive in 95% of all tested patients (N=21/22) and in 100% of the tested patients who have stable or no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (N=5/5). All patients except one who had coexisting laryngeal malignancy showed considerable improvement in their subjective symptoms and laryngeal findings within the first 2 months of anti-tuberculosis medications and they achieved complete response on subsequent sputum studies, chest X-ray and laryngeal findings after $7.0{\pm}2.3$ months of the medications. Conclusion : We suggest that chest X-ray and sputum AFB smear/culture to be the first step of work-up for the patients having laryngeal tuberculosis in suspicion since laryngeal tuberculosis is largely associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis and/or sputum AFB study offers high yield even in case of primary laryngeal tuberculosis. However laryngeal biopsy must be considered in case showing unsatisfactory response to the anti-tuberculosis medication for more than 2 months.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2018

Background: The "Tuberculosis Relief Belt Supporting Project (Tuberculosis Patient Management Project for Poverty Groups)" is a national program for socioeconomically vulnerable tuberculosis (TB) patients. We sought to evaluate the clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of poverty-stricken TB patients, and determined the need for relief. Methods: We examined in-patients with TB, who were supported by this project at the National Medical Center from 2014 to 2015. We retrospectively investigated the patients' socioeconomic status, clinical characteristics, and project expenditures. Results: Fifty-eight patients were enrolled. Among 55 patients with known income status, 24 (43.6%) had no income. Most patients (80%) lived alone. A total of 48 patients (82.8%) had more than one underlying disease. More than half of the enrolled patients (30 patients, 51.7%) had smear-positive TB. Cavitary disease was found in 38 patients (65.5%). Among the 38 patients with known resistance status, 19 (50%) had drug-resistant TB. In terms of disease severity, 96.6% of the cases had moderate-to-severe disease. A total of 14 patients (26.4%) died during treatment. Nursing expenses were supported for 12 patients (20.7%), with patient transportation costs reimbursed for 35 patients (60%). In terms of treatment expenses for 31 people (53.4%), 93.5% of them were supported by uninsured benefits. Conclusion: Underlying disease, infectivity, drug resistance, severity, and death occurred frequently in socioeconomically vulnerable patients with TB. Many uninsured treatment costs were not supported by the current government TB programs, and the "Tuberculosis Relief Belt Supporting Project" compensated for these limitations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.438-451
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• 2005

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.62-72
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• 1992

연구배경 : 결핵의 감염에서는 세포성면역이 중요하며 그 중에서도 T림프구가 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있고 조력 T림프구와 억제 T림프구의 기능의 불균형이 결핵의 발병에 있어 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각되고 있다. 동일한 결핵균의 감염시 일부 환자에서는 결핵의 병변이 폐에 국한되는 반면, 일부의 환자들에서는 폐의 결핵병변의 유무와 관계없이 폐외장기의 결핵이 발생되고 이러한 폐외결핵의 경우 항결핵화학요법에 잘 반응하지 않는 경우를 종종 경험할 수 있을뿐만 아니라 그 유병율의 감소도 폐결핵의 경우와는 달리 현저하지 못하여 폐결핵환자와 페외결핵환자군간의 면역기능의 차이가 의심된다. 방법 : 폐결핵환자와 폐외결핵환자군에서의 T림프구 매개성 세포성면역기능의 차이와 면역기능의 생체내검사와 생체외검사의 상관성을 규명하고자 T림프구 및 아형의 수적변화를 유세포분석법(flow cytometry)을 이용하여 측정하였고 PPD피부반응검사 및 림프아구형성을 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과 : 1) 총 림프구수는 결핵환자군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소되어 있었으나 페결핵환자군과 폐외결핵환자군간의 차이는 없었다. 2) PPD 피부반응검사와 백혈구수는 3군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) $T_3$, $T_4$, $T_8$(+)인 세포의 백분율과 절대수는 3군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 $T_4/T_8$의 비도 3군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) HLA-DR(+)인 세포의 백분율과 절대수는 대조군에 비하여 결핵환자군에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었으며 $IL_2$ 수용체(+)인 세포의 백분율과 절대수도 결핵환자군에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었으나 폐결핵환자군과 폐외결핵환자군에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5) Concanavalin-A, Phytohemagglutinin 및 PPD 자극에 대한 림프아구형성은 3군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 6) $T_4$(+)인 림프구의 백분율 및 절대수와 PPD 피부반응검사의 크기사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과에서 폐결핵환자와 페외결핵환자군간에 T림프구성 매개성 세포성면역기능의 변화를 발견할 수 없었다. 그러나 본 연구만으로 세포성 면역기능의 차이를 모두 관찰하였다고 할 수는 없기 때문에 이에 대하여는 추후 연구가 필요하리라고 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.356-358
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• 2009

Although tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that can occur in any section of the body, oral tuberculosis is rare. Here, we report a case of oral tuberculosis in which the patient sought treatment for a painful oral lesion. A histopathologic examination revealed the characteristics of tuberculosis and pulmonary lesions were detected on subsequent examination. The patient was treated with antituberculosis therapy, and his symptoms improved. This case emphasizes the importance of including oral tuberculosis as part of the differential diagnosis for mucosal lesions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 1969

The importance of bronchial occlusion which occurs in the natural course of tuberculosis as an inconstant but very fortunate event became obscured with the popularity of resection therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis and the resectional surgery and thoracoplasty are the standard method of surgical procedure in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. However in some cases of far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the need for another surgical methods arise when standard method is not indicated under the consideration of poor pulmonary function or operative and postoperative complications such as bronchial fistula. The ligation and division of bronchus draining the involved part of the lung is one of the applicable method among the another surgical procedures. The authors experienced one case of far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis who had a huge cavity in the right upper lobe and a small cavity in the superior segment accomanying with several nodular densities in the basal segment and contralateral left lung field, and treated with right upper lobectomy, ligation and division of the superior segmental bronchus and concomitant rib-resectional thoracoplasty in order to prevent postoperative bronchial fistula and to preserve maximal lung function. The postoperative course was smooth without complication regarding to bronchial ligation and division technique and the general condition has been excellent without symptoms. The postoperative sputum examination for AFB on smear and culture has been negative during the 11 month period of follow up, and X-ray of the chest including tomography demonstrated no evidence of residual cavity indicating succesful collapse of cavity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.311-320
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• 1999

연구 배경 : 최근 전세계적으로 결핵이 증가하며 새로운 문제로 대두되고 있으며, 특히 결핵의 유병률이 높은 우리나라의 경우에는 민감도가 높으며 간편한 검사방법 이 필요하다. M. tuberculosis 항원을 사용한 rapid membrane based assay 검사 방법으로 최근에 폐결핵 환자의 결핵항원 특이 항체를 검출한다고 알려진 상용화된 2 가지 kit를 이용하여 폐결핵의 혈청학적 진단 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 3월부터 9월까지 충남대학교 병원에서 입원 치료를 받은 호흡기 환자 총 45예를 대상으로 하였다. 객담 도말 양성의 활동성 폐결핵 22예와 비활동성 폐결핵 14예 그리고 대조군으로 비결핵성 호흡기 질환 9예를 대상으로 하여 STAT-PAK ULTRA FAST$^{(R)}$ 및 ICT tuberculosis$^{(R)}$ 검사를 실시하여 결핵 혈청 검사의 유용성을 알아보고 자하였다. 결과: STAT-PAK ULTRA FAST$^{(R)}$의 경우에는 폐결핵과 비활동성 폐결핵의 비교에서 민감도는 77.3%, 28.6%, 양성 63.0%, 음성 예측도는 44.4%, 위양성률은 71.4%, 위음성률은 22.7% 이었고, 활동성 폐결핵과 비결핵성 호흡기 질환의 비교에서는 민감도는 77.3%, 특이도는 33.3%, 양성 예측도는 73.9%, 음성 에측도는 37.5%, 위양성률은 66.7%, 위음성률은 22.7% 이었다. ICT tuberculosis$^{(R)}$의 경우에는 활동성 폐결핵과 비활동성 폐결핵의 비교에서는 민감도는 54.5%. 특이도는 57%, 양성 예측도는 66.7%, 음성 예측도는 44.4%, 위양성률은 42.9%, 위음성률은 45.4 %이었고, 활동성 폐결핵과 비결핵성 호흡기 질환에서는 민감도는 54.5%, 특이도는 100%, 양성 예측도는 100%, 음성 예측도는 47.4%. 위양성률은 0%, 위음성률은 45.4%이었다. 폐결핵의 중증정도(extent) 와 양성율은 상기 2가지 kit에서 큰 차이가 없었다. 결론: 따라서 상기 2가지의 kit는 항체 반응이 다양하여 임상적으로 폐결핵의 진단에 이용하는 것에는 문제가 있다고 생각되며, 일단 양성반응을 보인 환자의 경우, 항결핵제 투여에 따른 추적 검사에서 항체가의 변화가 있는지에 대한 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis can result in anatomical sequelae, and cause airflow limitation. However, there are no treatment guidelines for patients with a tuberculosis-destroyed lung. Recently, indacaterol effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with Tuberculosis history (INFINITY) study revealed indacaterol provided bronchodilation and symptom improvement in COPD patients with a tuberculosis-destroyed lung. Methods: We conducted a post-hoc subgroup analysis of the randomized controlled trial, the INFINITY study, to determine factors associated with indacaterol response in a tuberculosis-destroyed lung with airflow limitation. Data from 68 patients treated with inhaled indacaterol, were extracted and analyzed. Factors associated with the response of forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) to indacaterol treatment, were determined using linear regression analysis. Results: Of 62 patients included, 68% were male, and 52% had history of cigarette smoking. Patients revealed mean $FEV_1$ of 50.5% of predicted value with mean improvement of 81.3 mL in $FEV_1$ after indacaterol treatment for 8 weeks. Linear regression analysis revealed factors associated with response of $FEV_1$ to indacaterol included a short duration of smoking history, and high short-acting bronchodilator response. When patients with history of smoking were excluded, factors associated with response of $FEV_1$ to indacaterol included high short-acting bronchodilator response, and poor health-related quality of life score as measured by St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD. Conclusion: In a tuberculosis-destroyed lung with airflow limitation, short-acting bronchodilator response and smoking history can play a critical role in predicting outcomes of indacaterol treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.339-342
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• 2008

본 증례에서 폐결핵의 치료 중에 발생한 일시적인 방사선학적 악화의 초기 CT 소견은 폐 주변부에 발생한 폐소엽간 혹은 폐소엽 내 중격비후, 그리고 미세결절들이었다. 후기 CT 소견은 폐 주변부에 위치하고 내부에 저음영을 가지며 조영 증강이 잘되는 폐결절이었다. 폐결핵을 처음 치료하는 젊은 환자에서 임상적인 악화 없이 이러한 CT 소견이 보일 때 일시적인 방사선학적 악화를 의심해야 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.856-862
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• 1992

The author reviewed 50 cases of positive sputum AFB patients following pulmonary resection of pulmonary tuberculosis [total 617 cases] operated on at the National Kongju Hospital during 6 years period, from January, 1985 to December, 1990. 1. There were 36 male and 14 female patients ranging from 20 to 50 years old[mean age, 33.8 years] 2. An average duration of pulmonary tuberculosis history was 7.5 years. 35 cases[76%] had many drug resistance of tuberculosis [above 5 drugs]. 3. The majority indication for pulmonary resection were persistent positive sputum AFB with cavity or destroyed lung or hemoptysis. 23 cases[46%] underwent pneumonectoy and 13 cases[23%] lobectomy. The postoperative complications occured in 19 cases [38%]. 4. 34 cases[68%] occured sputum AFB positive following operation unitil 6 months, and 6 cases[12%] occured 2 years later 5. 21 cases[42%] got conversion to negative sputum, and then 29 cases[58%] remained persistent positive sputum.