• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5817-5823
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• 2013

Background: It is important to understand the perceptions of oncologists to understand the comprehensive picture of clinical presentation of breast cancer. In the absence of clear evidence, clinical practice involving patients of breast cancer in India should provide insights into stages of breast cancer with which women present to their clinics and mode of screening of breast cancer prevalent in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to understand the perceptions of oncologists regarding clinical presentation of breast cancer, stages at which women present to clinics, and mode of screening of breast cancer prevalent in Andhra Pradesh. In-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with ten practising oncologists from various public and private cancer hospitals in Hyderabad city to understand their perspectives on breast cancer and screening. The data were triangulated to draw inferences suitable for the current public Health scenario. Results: Late presentation was indicated as the most important cause of decreased survival among women. Most women present at Stage 3 and 4 when there is no opportunity for surgical intervention. The results indicate that there is a huge gap in awareness about breast cancer, especially in rural areas and among poor socioeconomic groups. Even despite knowledge, most women delay in reporting due to reasons like fear, embarrassment, cost, ignorance, negligence, and easy going attitude. Conclusions: It is important to improve awareness about breast cancer and screening methods for promoting early screening. The study inferred that it would be beneficial to establish cancer registries in rural areas. Also, the policymakers need to make key decisions which among three methods (breast self examination (BSE), clinical breast examination and mammography) can best be used as a screening tool and how to successfully implement population wide screening program to prevent mortality and morbidity from breast cancer in India.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2001년도 학술대회지
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• pp.54-62
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• 2001

건설사업에서 클레임은 필수적으로 발생하는 요소이다. 1998년까지 우리나라에서 건설클레임이 체계적으로 제기되거나 해결되었다고 소개된 바는 없으나, 1998년을 기점으로 하여 IMF환란 등을 겪으면서 건설업체들은 원가관리의 중요성을 인식하여 계약에서 주어진 자신의 권리를 찾고자 하는 노력을 경주해 오고 있다. 그러나 건설클레임이 활성화됨으로 인해 기술자의 전문업역탄생, 책임시공으로 인한 부실공사예방, 불필요한 예산낭비억제, 중복업무의 감소 및 규제개선 등의 기대효과가 장단기적으로 예상됨에도 불구하고 아직도 건설현장에서는 클레임을 제기하는 것에 대하여 막연한 두려움이나 경계심을 갖는 분위기가 팽배하였다. 따라서 본 논문은 1998년부터 공공건설사업현장에서 제기된 클레임사례를 분석한 후, 시공자가 건설현장에서 체계적으로 건설클레임을 제기할 수 있는 방법과 절차를 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제33권
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• pp.253-285
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• 2006

본고는 개별 시민들이 일상생활 속에서 체감하는 문제들을 네트 상에서 제기하고 동일한 이해를 갖는 시민들이 자발적으로 참여하여 조직되는 개인 차원의 온라인 시민 사회운동에 관심을 갖고 안티닉스 운동을 사례로 삼아 운동의 공론화는 누가 어떤 과정으로, 어떻게 진행했으며, 어떤 결과를 낳았는가와 안티닉스 운동의 공론화 과정에서 형성되는 담론의 특징은 무엇인가를 분석해 보았다. 연구 결과 안티닉스 운동은 사이트 운영자와 그를 따르는 적극적 참여자에 의해 주도된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 운동 전반에 걸쳐 사이트 운영자의 다양한 운동 전략이 사이트 방문자들의 적극적 참여를 유도하는 안티닉스 운동의 성공요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 안티닉스 운동 게시판의 공론장은 익명성을 바탕으로 욕설과 비방이 주를 이루기보다는 전통적 공론장의 기능과 역할에 가깝다는 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 일시적으로 난장의 요소가 지나쳐 공론장의 기능을 약화시키는 경우, 이를 견제하는 이성적인 참여자들이 등장하는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한, 게시판 운영자의 전략적이며 효과적인 대응 역시 안티닉스 운동의 공론장이 전통적인 공론장에 가깝게 기능할 수 있도록 돕는 데 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2021

2020년 1월 30일, 세계보건기구(World Health Organization)는 COVID-19의 확산이 "국제보건규정(International Health Regulations)" 제1조에 규정된 "국제적 공중보건 비상사태(Public Health Emergency of International Concern)"의 기준을 충족한다고 선언하고, 팬데믹 퇴치를 위한 다양한 예비 권고를 제안하였다. 이후 3월부터 팬데믹이 본격화되면서 (일부 국가에서는 마스크 착용이 법으로 금지되었음에도 불구하고) 갑자기 공공장소에서 마스크를 쓰라는 지시가 내려졌다. 경제·사회 환경이 예상치 못한 방향으로 바뀌면서 법조계에서도 화상심리 도입 등 조금씩 변화의 바람이 불기 시작했다. 아마도 COVID-19 이후에는 이전의 일상과는 매우 다른 모습으로 변화될 가능성이 크다. COVID-19가 국제중재 진행방식에도 영향을 미치고 있는바 관건은 이러한 영향이 몇 년 동안만 지속되는 일시적인 문제로 그칠 것인지, 아니면 COVID-19의 확산이 국제중재 진행방식의 전환점이 될 것인지가 의문이다. 이러한 이해를 바탕으로 본 연구는 COVID-19가 국제중재에 미치는 영향 및 효과를 고찰하고, 향후 전망을 제시한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

Background: During the period 2001 to 2016, the maximum temperatures in Thailand rose from 38-41℃ to 42-44℃. The current occupational heat exposure standard of Thailand issued in 2006 is based on wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) defined for three workload levels without a work-rest regimen. This study examined whether the present standard still protects most workers. Methods: The sample comprised 168 heat acclimatized workers (90 in construction sites, 78 in foundries). Heart rate and auditory canal temperature were recorded continuously for 2 hours. Workplace WBGT, relative humidity, and wind velocity were monitored, and the participants' workloads were estimated. Heat-related symptoms and signs were collected by a questionnaire. Results: Only 55% of the participants worked in workplaces complying with the heat standard. Of them, 79% had auditory canal temperature ≤ 38.5℃, compared with only 58% in noncompliant workplaces. 18% and 43% of the workers in compliant and noncompliant workplaces, respectively, had symptoms from heat stress, the trend being similar across all workload levels. An increase of one degree (C) in WBGT was associated with a 1.85-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.44-2.48) in odds for having symptoms. Conclusion: Compliance with the current occupational heat standard protects 4/5 of the workers, whereas noncompliance reduces this proportion to one half. The reasons for noncompliance include the gaps and ambiguities in the law. The law should specify work/rest schedules; outdoor work should be identified as an occupational heat hazard; and the staff should include occupational personnel to manage heat stress in establishments involving heat exposure.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study was to understand the public's perception of Korean medical treatment for growth disorders to develop Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines and critical pathways for growth disorders in children and adolescents. Methods A survey was conducted using an online platform targeting 252 adults aged 19 years from May 16, 2021 to May 17, 2021. The questionnaire consisted of questions about the demographic characteristics of respondents; overall perception, experience, and satisfaction with Korean medical treatment for growth disorders; willingness to use or recommend Korean medical treatment for growth disorders; and points for improvement. Results The overall perception of treatment for growth disorders was 3.30 ± 0.892 on a 5-point scale. Concerning the negative reasons, 54.4% of the respondents were concerned about safety; regarding the positive reason, expectations for overall health as well as height growth were the highest at 46.5%. Additionally, there was a high demand for information, such as providing safety information on treatment, presenting evidence for the efficacy of treatment, and standardized clinical process, as points requiring improvement. Conclusions To raise public perception of Korean medical treatment for growth disorders, it is necessary to satisfy the opinions of the public identified through this survey. Therefore, the development and utilization of Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines and critical pathways for growth disorders would play an important role.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted with a focus group interview that drew out experiences, limitations, and difficulties in the workplace according to the employment conditions of visiting nurses in the public health centers. Methods: A total of 12 visiting nurses are those working in the public sector in Seoul and Gyeonggi province who were willing to participate in the interview. Analysis categories and coding were divided into three categories: compensation system, occupational status, and opinions to improve their treatment. Using the content analysis method, the current working status and compensation system of visiting nurses were described. Results: The main themes derived from the significant statements of visiting nurses were 'Ten years of frozen salary system', 'Full-time workers of their own league', 'Excluded from performance benefits', 'Every visiting nurses are virtually precarious', 'Experience of exclusion and discrimination', and 'Reasons and barriers to be a full-time worker'. All of the visiting nurses working in the community insisted on having equal treatment for work of equal value. Visiting nurses in the public health sector wanted to be set to the same payment system and the fair allowance system as well. It is necessary to continuously seek solutions to the problems left in insisting on the civil service of visiting nurses. Conclusion: Visiting nurses who were working in a precarious job position felt job insecurity, and experienced discrimination, alienation, and exclusion. Legal and institutional reform is needed to improve the treatment of visiting nurses.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2447-2453
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 강우, 불쾌지수, 강설, 체감온도 등 4가지 기상조건이 대중교통수요에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 관련 통계자료를 이용해 분석을 실시하고, 설문조사를 통해 그 이유를 도출하였다. 모든 자료는 일단위로 수집하였고, 평일-주말과 여름-겨울로 구분하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 샘플수가 부족한 강설을 제외하고는 강우, 불쾌지수, 체감온도의 기상조건이 대중교통 수요를 약 2~7% 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 수요의 감소폭이 통계적으로 유의한지 알아보기 위해 t-검정을 실시하였는데, 이중 강우와 체감온도가 통계적으로 유의하다는 결과를 얻었다. 상관분석 결과도 강우와 체감온도 2가지 지표가 상대적으로 높은 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 야외에 노출되어있는 버스가 지하철에 비해 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 그리고 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 나온 강우와 체감온도, 2가지 지표에 관한 설문을 실시하였다. 수도권에 거주하는 일반시민을 대상으로 설문을 실시한 결과, 평상시에 응답자 중 약 50%가 버스를 이용하였는데, 이중 강우가 발생하거나 체감온도가 낮아지면 버스 이용이 약 30%대로 감소되는 반면, 승용차와 지하철통행은 약 10% 증가되는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과는 기후변화에 따른 대중교통정책 및 운영방법 결정에 기초자료로 사용되어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2006

Statement of problem: The previous unilateral bite force recorder has several limitations for taking long time for measuring and causing discomfort to subjects. Because of these reasons, it could not use widely for epidemiological researches. However, 'Dental Prescale System' which is new equipment for measuring bite force, is more convenient for measuring bite force than previous unilateral recorder. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare a new technique(Dental Prescale System) using pressure sensitive foils for recording of maximal jaw closing force with conventional measurement using unilateral bite force recorder Material and method: This studies included 22 healthy dental students in college of dentistry Yonsei university in Rep of Korea. Mean age was 23.9 years. All subjects had continuous dental arches and no significant malocclusion or signs from the teeth and craniomandibular system. The Dental Prescale System (Fuji Film, Tokyo, Japan) consists of a horseshoe-shaped pressure sensitive sheet (50H, R type) and a computerized scanning system.(FPD705) We also used unilateral bite force recorder(Denbotics Co. Seoul, Rep.Korea) for comparing with Dental Prescale. Results and conclusion: The total bite force recorded with Dental Prescale System (1423 N) was systematically higher than that recorded by unilateral bite force recorder. (256 N) However, the maximum bite force values measured in the two ways were significantly correlated (r=0.46, p<0.05). The Dental Prescale bite force calculated for first molar (208 N) was lower than that recorded by unilateral bite force recorder. (256 N) The two values were also very significantly correlated. (r=0.66. p<0.001) There were significantly different in bite force between two measurement methods. The reasons were first, unilateral bite force recorder measured only the bite force of a part of teeth, and Dental Prescale measured the total teeth force. Second, in measurement, a difference in muscle contraction appeared by an extent of mouth-opening. Third, unilateral bite force recorder has the reducing effect of the bite force by protective tape. Fourth, Dental Prescale has limitations during the computer scanning procedure. Therefore, Dental Prescale System is considered to be a very promising alternative to be conventional bite force recording methods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

Objectives : We wanted to evaluate the medical underutilization for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among Korean elderly men and we wanted to determine their associated factors. Methods : This study was conducted on 239 men with LUTS and 116 men with BPH who were compatible with the diagnostic criteria from a total of 641 participants. These participants were over 50 years old and they were randomly chosen in a community-based study for estimating the prevalence of BPH. Using a self-reported questionnaire, we surveyed the sociodemographics, health status, quality of life, lower urinary tract symptoms, medical utilization and reasons for not seeking treatment. Results : Only 27.6% of the men with LUTS and 31.0% of the men with BPH reported having visited a doctor for urinary symptoms. The reasons for not visiting a doctor were, in order of responses from the group with LUTS: 'considered the symptoms as a part of the normal ageing process', 'not enough time to visit a doctor', 'financial difficulty' and 'the symptoms were not severe or bothersome'. Regarding BPH, the responses were the same as those of the group with LUTS however, 'financial difficulty' placed second. Among the men with experience of visiting a doctor for urinary symptoms, 33.3% of those with LUTS and 28.1% of those with BPH were not treated. The most common reason in both groups was 'the symptoms were not severe to be treated'. On a multiple logistic regression analysis, the larger size household (odds ratio (OR) 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.40-6.54) and an unsatisfactory quality of life related with urinary symptoms (OR 2.98, 95% CI=1.23-7.21) were associated with medical utilization in the group of LUTS. For BPH, the current employment status was related with the medical utilization (OR 2.80, 95% CI=1.10-7.11), in addition to the larger size household (OR 3.24, 95% CI=1.14-9.21). Conclusions : Many men with urinary symptoms do not visit a doctor. This medical underutilization for people with LUTS and BPH may be associated with economic status in Korea.