• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.408-414
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• 2022

In this review, we provide information about the etiology, risk factors, and clinical presentations of maltreatment to help clinicians better understand child abuse and neglect. Child maltreatment is a major global health challenge that can result in severe consequences. Abused and neglected children are likely to develop psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Understanding child maltreatment is expected to prevent and reduce victimization in children, adolescents, and their families.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.327-351
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• 2021

This study was motivated by the awareness that little attention has been paid to this issue both theoretically and empirically, despite the fact that financial abuse causes serious problems which are difficult for the elderly to recover from. This study intends to explore what the patterns of financial abuse targeting the elderly are, what causes and sustains these abuses, and what makes it difficult to counter such financial abuses. Data analysis was based on individual and group interviews of ten professionals expected to encounter the most financially abused elderly in social welfare institutions. The thematic analysis shows that financial abuse is often caused and maintained in a trusting relationship through care and protection. Because financial abuse was inflicted on the vulnerable elderly in a state of reinforced psychological dependence based on a long and trusting relationship, it appears that it has been made with tacit acknowledgement and consent. Despite those complex dynamics, it is noted that financial abuse can be judged as such only when the elderly claim to suffer from harm. Rather, intervention without victims' acknowledgement tends to be perceived as violating their right to self-determination. This reality naturally leads to the termination of the necessary interventions with the victims in an abusive situation. Based on these results, discussion focused on more realistic and diverse approaches to the issue of financial abuse of older adults.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4113-4116
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• 2016

Background: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) increases the psychological flexibility of people afflicted with cancer, and consequently improves their adaptability. The present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of ACT for people afflicted with cancer. Materials and Methods: The present research was of semi-pilot type with a pre-test and post-test plan for the proof group. The demographics of the community were composed of all the women with cancer who were under treatment in Tehran's Dehshpour therapeutic center in 2015. The sample was composed of 24 people who were selected as available and chosen randomly in two groups of test and proof. All the participants responded to Snyder questionnaire in two pre-test and post-test stages, and the test group participated in treatment sessions after conducting the pre-test. Results: After collecting the information, data analysis was conducted in two description and inferential levels. The test results of covariance analysis showed that the two groups' hope was meaningfully different. Hope in the test group, compared to the proof group, increased meaningfully. Conclusions: The results show that the ACT is effective in increasing hope of patients with cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.32-39
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the 3-year mean periods aftermath of child sexual abuse and to compare the sexual violence victims regard to the treatment. Methods: 682 sexual violence victims were recruited by Seoul Sunflower Children Center, a nation-funded sexual violence victim protection center for children age 13, from 2004 to 2008. Data from 49 victims among 116 consented a follow-up, were analyzed. The victims were assessed by psychological test. Data was analyzed by SPSS ver. 15.0 (SPSS Inc.). Results: The average time elapsed from the last presumed sexual abuse was 39.7 months [standard deviation (SD) 26.02]. Overall, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was significantly decreased from 15.8 (SD 9.33) to 10.4 (SD 9.98), and several subscales (depression, anxiety, anger, posttraumatic stress, and dissociation) of Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) were also significantly decreased. CDI and TSCC scores showed no statistical difference between treatment-given and not-given groups, but Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was decreased in treatment-given group, whereas it was increased in treatment-not-given group. The difference of RCMAS scores between the two groups was statistically significant [F(1,28)=4.54, p<0.05]. Conclusion: Sexually abused children showed overall symptom decreases over time, but anxiety was not decreased in treatment not-given group.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4368-4379
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence verbal abuse in early childhood mothers and to examine the fitness of a path model among these variables. The goal of the study was to provide fundamental data on ways in which verbal abuse by early childhood mothers can be prevented. Methods: The data was collected by using self report questionnaires from December 7th to 25th, 2011. The subjects were 320 early childhood mothers who had children in kindergarten. In order to estimate the hypothesized model, the data was analyzed using the AMOS 18.0 programs for structural equation modeling. Results: Parenting stress, anger and anger expression demonstrated a direct effect on causing verbal abuse by early childhood mothers. This study suggest that parental education program are necessary which a early childhood mothers can be express positively about parenting stress and anger.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.41-63
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• 2005

Ginseng has been useful for the treatment of diverse disease in oriental countries for thousands of years. In addition, a folk medicine prescribed by seven herbal drugs including Panax ginseng has been antinarcotics in the treatment of morphine-dependent patients. Many articles have been reported on these works. Therefore, we review the protective effects of Panax ginseng on the neurotoxicity induced by abuse drugs. Ginseng total saponins (GTS) extracted and isolated by Panax ginseng antagonized morphine-induced analgesia, and inhibited the development of analgesic tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine. CTS inhibited morphine-6 dehydrogenase, which catalyzes production of mophinone from morphine, and increased hepatic glutathione level responsible to toxicity. Therefore, wehypothesized that these dual actions of ginseng can be associated with the detoxication of morphine. In addition, the inhibitory or facilitated effects of GTS on electrically evoked contraction in guinea pig ileum (${\mu}$-receptors) and mouse vas deferens(${\delta}$-receptors) were not mediated through opioid receptors, suggesting non-opioid mechanisms. On the hand, antagonism of U-50,488H (${\kappa}$-agonist)-induced antinociception is mediated by serotonergic mechanisms. GTS also inhibited hyperactivity, reverse tolerance (sensitization) and conditioned place preference-induced by psychostimulants such as methamphetamine, cocaine and morphine. On the other hand, GTS reduced the dopamine levels induced by methamphetamine. Moreover, GTS blocked the development of dopamine receptor activation, showing antidopaminergic effect. We suggest that GTS prevent the methamphetamine-induced striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. In addition, Ginsenoside also attenuates morphine-induced CAMP signaling pathway. These results suggested that GTS might be useful for the therapy of the adverse actions of drugs with abuse liability.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.567-593
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• 2016

This study examined longitudinal mediated effects of informal labeling on the relationship between adolescent abuse and academic achievement using autoregressive cross-lagged modeling. Data were obtained from the second, third, and fourth waves of the middle school student cohort (N=3,168) of the Korean Youth Panel Survey. The major longitudinal findings of this study are as follows: First, adolescent abuse was found to have a positive association with future informal labeling. Second, informal labeling was found to have a negative association with future academic achievement. Finally, the longitudinal relationship between adolescent abuse and academic achievement was partially mediated by informal labeling. Based on these results, this study suggests directions for adolescent abuse prevention. The need for education and prevention of informal labeling was discussed, as well as the direction of intervention programs for adolescents with experience of informal labeling. Furthermore, this study may provide empirical evidence for labeling theory and contribute to increasing awareness on the longitudinal influence of adolescent abuse and informal labeling.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.473-489
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• 2018

Our society has an obligation and responsibility to respect and protect the character of the child. Recently, however, Korean society has been suffering from child abuse and abuse that is pouring out every day. In order to protect these children, the child protection system and the judicial system should be fundamentally child-friendly. The CASA(Court Appointed Special Advocates) volunteer program, which is being held in the United States with such a concern, is a continuing program of court attendance and emotional support services for abused children throughout the United States. In Korea, however, there are many similar programs such as mentoring projects, dream co-supporters project similar to the CASA program in various organizations of the region and the enactment of the Act on the Punishment of Child Abuse increases the involvement of the public system in child abuse. There is also an increased awareness of children's rights and strengthened government intervention through active monitoring to prevent recurrence of child abuse. These changes in the Korean society should be actively reviewed by the US CASA program and settled as a national project in the Korean society so that the system of protecting the safety and rights of the victims of child abuse will be established. It is anticipated to be a way to prevent social problems from occurring in advance.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2000

Bullying is the intentional, unprovoked abuse of power by one or more children to inflict pain on or cause distress to another child on repeated occasions. Bullying can be considered to be a form of child abuse：peer abuse. Victims suffer adverse effects in the short and long term. If bullying is regarded as a form of abuse then professionals have a duty to detect it, take it seriously, and ensure that it is deal with to reduce the child's suffering and minimize the potential long term effects. This study is aimed preliminarily the development of cognitive behavioral group therapy for school bullied. 202 normal middle school freshman responded to self report scales- Offer's Self-Image Questionnaire-Revised, Children's Depression Inventory, Spielberger State/Trait Anxiety scale, and Defining Issues Test. The data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation to test the relationship among the above 4 variables. Self Image, depression, and anxiety were correlated strongly each other. But moral development was not correlated with self image, depression, and anxiety. Five school bullied students were referred by their teacher for school maladjustment. The author tried 12 sessions of Cognitive-Behavioral group therapy and assessed their behaviors pre- and post intervention by above 4 scales. There were no significant different intervention effects statistically. But It is meaningful that improvement of psychological mindedness in diary written by subject in treatment sessions

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine the utility of the modified form of CTS2(the revised Conflict Tactic Scales) for use of children on university students fo Korea. To attain this purpose, we modified Straus's CTS2(the revised Conflict Tactic Scale) for use of children. It consist of negotiation subscale, physical assault subscale, psychological aggression subscale and injury subscale without sexual coercion subscale. The subjects consisted of 288 students from 19 to 24 of age. As results of analysis(correlation, factor analysis, Cronbach' α), reliability of subscales of CTS2 range from .83 to .98 and total reliability of CTS2 is .93 And there are evidences of construct validity(the convergent validity and discriminant validity) fo CTS2. we examine the prevalence of wife abuse behavior in our subjects' parents. There are the high prevalence of psychological aggression(75.7%) and physical assault(43.4%)