• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.263-288
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• 2015

This study is to research the mediating effects of optimism and quality of relationship which interpersonal traumatic experience influences posttraumatic growth. It focuss on verifying the impact of interpersonal traumatic experience to optimism and quality of relationship and the influence of optimism and quality of relationship to posttraumatic growth. And also it is to verify dual mediating effect between optimism and quality of relationship. Data for this study were collected through the use of a survey instrument completed by 405 interpersonal traumatic experience, 30-60 age group. Collected data were analysed by AMOS program, Structure Equation Model(SEM) was implemented to verify the mediating effect between optimism and quality of relationship. Finally, Phantom Variable was utilized for verification of indirect influence of a multi mediating effects. The findings of this study were as follows, First, the result shows that the higher level interpersonal traumatic experience, the higher posttraumatic growth they have. Second, it shows that optimism and quality of relationship have partial mediating effect between interpersonal traumatic experience and posttraumatic growth. Third, it was analyzed that optimism and quality of relationship had double mediating effect. Based on these findings, the research discussion reinforced the importance of intervene with its optimism and quality of relationship in the site of those who experience interpersonal trauma. Theological, political and practical implications of this study are as follows. First, it has a series of significance in terms of that this study confirmed its influence considering the quality of relationship from interpersonal experience among relevant factors of traumatic accident, optimism among individual factors, quality of relationship among environmental factors based on 'the crisis of life and the theory of individual growth'. econd, even though optimism and quality of relationship were proved as major predictors for posttraumatic growth of those who experience interpersonal traumatic, psychological support center for traumatic experience is not operated systematically in Korea. Third, this study implies that it should intervene mainly with its optimism and quality of relationship in the site of those who experience interpersonal trauma such as any abuses including sexual abuse, bullying, and divorce.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.53-76
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to understand the ethical struggles of Child Protective Service(CPS) social workers and to indicate some implications for future studies by conducting research focusing on their ethical dilemmas and decision-making. This study used qualitative methods, in particular the phenomenological approach and 14 in-depth semi-structured interviews with CPS social workers, and were conducted and analyzed using the procedures of Colaizzi(1978). This study looks at the following research questions: 1) What kind of ethical dilemmas do CPS social workers encounter? This means what ethical dilemmas do they directly or indirectly encounter because of policy or system inadequacies and huge caseloads. 2) How do the CPS social workers make decisions when they are faced with ethical dilemmas? Making the best decisions with all of their responsibilities and burdens is the focus of this question. This study suggests the following discussions: First, efforts to emphasize 'ethics' at CPS are needed. Second, proper policies and systems based on the Korean situation are needed so that CPS social workers won't have to face 'needless' ethical dilemmas. Third, an index of ethical problems or ethical codes is necessary because principles are important to those social workers who face ethical dilemmas. Fourth, an ethical committee that protects the CPS social workers by supporting their decisions and being responsible for them is needed. Last, a debriefing system that reduces a CPS social worker's psychological trauma caused by ethical dilemmas should be available.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2014

Recent examples of abuse by black consumers (including air travellers) against emotional laborers have become a serious social issue in Korea in that they are likely to violate human rights of those laborers. Emotional labor is a form of emotion regulation that creates a publicly visible facial and bodily display, and also emotional management within the workforce that creates a situation in which the emotion management by workers can be exchanged in the marketplace. Example professions that require emotional labor are: nurses, doctors, waiting staff, and television actors. However, as the economy moves from a manufacturing to a service-based economy, many more workers in a variety of occupational fields are expected to manage their emotions according to employer demands when compared to the past. One of symptoms deriving from emotional labor is smile mask syndrome abbreviated SMS, which is a psychological disorder proposed by professor Makoto Natsume where subjects develop depression and physical illness as a result of prolonged, unnatural smiling. And higher degree of using emotion regulation on the job is related to higher levels of employees' emotional exhaustion, and lower levels of employees' job satisfaction. In most part, emotional laborers are more abused and hurt by so called black consumers who are raising complaints relating to products and services purchased against service providers for the purpose of maliciously getting compensation. Against this background, the Korean Government abolished "the Consumer Protection Act" and instead promulgated "the Basic Consumer Act" in September 2006 which stipulates that consumers are expected to have protection as well as responsibility and duty. The Aviation Security Act cites the examples of prohibited behaviors (unruly passengers) while they are travelling. In addition, human rights of emotional laborers could be more protected by the enhancement of etiquettes and cavalry and improvement of culture and working environment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.463-470
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• 2007

There have been many studies on patients who suffer from anxiety disorders. However, there is been not enough attention on the difference in the level of between the two populations with and without anxiety disorders. This study was performed to investigate the difference in the ANS responses induced by fear in children. Experimental procedures were as follow: All subjects were in upper grade levels in elementary school. ANX(anxiety) scales of PIC(Personality Inventory for Children) were used to measure fear anxiety. Audio-visual clips were used as stimulus to provoke fear emotion. Baseline of physiological signals, ECG, PPG, EDA, and SKT, were measured for 30 seconds before the fear stimulus. Physiological signals were then recorded for 2 minutes while fear is evoked. Psychological and physiological responses were analyzed. All the children reacted to the fear stimulus with high intensity of fear. Physiological responses showed that SKT, SCR, NSCR, HR, RSA, RESP, HF were increased, while R-R was significantly decreased, respectively, during the period of fear induction. Analysis of the level of anxiety and the physiological responses produced by the experience of fear revealed a statistically significant positive correlation in SKT, HR, and RSA. In other words, the higher the level of anxiety, the higher the levels of SKT, HR, and RSA when children experienced fear in conclusion, it is confirmed through this research that physiological responses to fear is associated with the level of anxiety each individual.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2005

Objective : This study examined the socioeconomic differentials for the health and health related behaviors among South Korean middle school students. Methods : A nationwide cross-sectional interview survey of 3,449 middle school second-grade students and their parents was conducted using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. The response rate was 93.3%. The socioeconomic position indicators were based on self-reported information from the students and their parents: parental education, father's occupational class, monthly family income, out-of-pocket expenditure for education, housing ownership, educational expectations, educational performance and the perceived economic hardships. The outcome variables that were measured were also based on the self-reported information from the students. The health measures included self-rated health conditions, psychological or mental problems, the feelings of loneliness at school, the overall satisfaction of life and the perceived level of stress. The health related behaviors included were smoking, alcohol drinking, sexual intercourse, violence, bullying and verbal and physical abuse by parents. Results : Socioeconomic differences for the health and health related behaviors were found among the eighth grade boys and girls of South Korea. However, the pattern varied with gender, the socioeconomic position indicators and the outcome measures. The prevalence rates of the overall dissatisfaction with life for both genders differed according to most of the eight socioeconomic position indicators. All the health measures were significantly different according to the perceived economic hardship. However, the socioeconomic differences in the self-rated health conditions and the psychosocial or mental problems were not clear. The students having higher socioeconomic position tended to be a perpetrator of bullying while those students with lower socioeconomic position were more likely to be a victim. Conclusions : The perceived economic hardships predicted the health status among the eighth graders of South Korea. The overall satisfaction of life was associated with the socioeconomic position indicators. Further research efforts are needed to explore the mechanisms on how and why the socioeconomic position affects the health and health related behaviors in this age group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.384-392
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• 2011

Recruitment and selection are separate but mutually reinforcing processes. The goal of recruitment is to attract the largest number of applicants possible to apply to the agency, and selection is the process of weeding out unqualified candidates and identifying qualified candidates. In this context, the recruitment and selection system of police officials is an important issue because it affects their future performance as police officers on the job, especially their policing skills, perception of society, occupational ethics. This study suggested the characteristics of U. S. recruitment and selection system of police officials. In the U. S, each police agency sets up its own recruitment and selection standards and procedures. However, recruitment and selection process follows a certain sequence : receiving application, psychological examination, background check, polygraph test, drug screening, interview, physical agility, and medical test. Special characteristic of American police system regarding recruitment and selection is that many law enforcement agencies use a polygraph test to ensure the integrity of the candidates. Another interesting screening process is a drug test because many Americans abuse illegal drugs. A candidate officer must submit urine or a hair sample for screening test. Police human resources specialists should continually identify the most innovative tests and approaches recruit and select police officers. Recruitment and selection strategies should increasingly attract and retain those officers who have the attributes to work in a community-oriented policing environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.100-113
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to confirm the characteristics of released prisoners through demographic and sociological variables and to investigate the effects of childhood traumatic experiences on family functioning and the mediating effects of anger expression method. For this purpose, Korea Rehabilitation Agency were selected and finally 400 released prisoners were analyzed. As a result, it appeared that anger expression method played a role of mediating variable when childhood trauma experience affects family functioning. Childhood trauma experience not only directly affects family functioning, but indirectly affects family functioning through anger expression method and the anger expression method played a role as partial mediating variable. Based on the results of this study, we emphasized the need for intervention and education for anger expression method in psychological counseling interventions to improve family functioning as a way to suppress the second offense of released prisoners with childhood abuse experience.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objective: This study aims to thoroughly analyze the correlation effect size between domestic violence and school violence by meta-analyzing previous studies on the correlation between school and domestic violence. Methods: For this purpose, meta-analysis was performed on the selected research material, which consists of national research data collected from various databases from 2001 to April, 2019. 16 thesis and 9 papers on the correlation between school and domestic violence were selected. A random effect model analysis based on the homogeneity examination results was performed on the selected data. Results: The results showed, just as Cohen (1977) proposed, that the correlation effect size between domestic and school violence was 0.25, which is moderate. This is a somewhat lower number than the previous studies on the same subject presented. Of the sub-categories of domestic violence, physical violence and psychological violence appeared to have a correlation effect size of 0.34 and 0.28, respectively, with physical violence showing the highest correlation effect size. Of the types of domestic violence, witnessing spouse violence and experiencing neglect appeared to have a moderate correlation size effect of 0.24. All of these results were statistically significant. Conclusion/Implications: This study utilized meta-analysis as a comprehensive and systematic method to analyze the correlation effect between domestic and school violence. The results presented may lead to discussions on the subject's social implications, limits, and propositions for future studies.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.133-156
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotion, home environment, school environment on self-regulated learning, focusing on motivational and behavioral regulation. Participants are 2070 students from 95 middle schools of Korean Children and Youth Panel Study(KCYPS). The variables of emotions, home environment, school environment and motivational regulation, behavioral regulation were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple regression. The results were as follows. First, emotion, home environment, school environment were correlated with on motivational and behavioral regulation. Second, emotion explained motivational regulation and behavioral regulation of self-regulated learning as well as home envionment and school environment. All subvariables of emotion were significantly related to behavior control. Third, among subvariables of home environment, parents education and occupations, and annual household income were not significantly related to motivational regulation and behavioral regulation. However, home economic level perceived by students and parents' interest and abuse on students had great effects. Forth, school environment has a greater explanatory effect on motivational regulation and behavioral regulation. Particularly, friendships and relationships with teachers during learning activities had a significant effect. These results showed that emotion and psychological environment of learning environment are important variables affecting on self-regulated learning and suggests the need for researches on these variables.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.391-410
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating effect of violence justification, including actor-effect and partner-effect, in the process where the offense motive affects dating violence. The subjects of this study were 135 unmarried male and female couples aged 19 and over who were dating for more than 3 months, and each couple was subjected to a self-report scale on motives, justification of violence, and dating violence. Based on these paraphrasing, as a result of analyzing the path model using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, Men and women's motivations showed a direct effect on their dating violence, while women's motivations showed a significant partner effect on men's violence. The male's motivation also had a significant impact on his dating violence and partner's abuse of dating violence as a mediator for justification of his violence. On the other hand, the mediating effect of justifying violence in women was not significant. These results show that there is a gender difference between the motives for violence and the paths for justifying violence in the sex violence of men and women. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study, and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.