• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.80-98
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• 1994

According to the original documents, Sagungsan is considered as an effective drug for controlling the hypertensive epistaxis induced by tension of autonomic nerve and it's hyperfunction. The present experiment was designed to understand the effect of Sagungsan extract on the hemostatic action, intracranial pressure, blood pressure and cardiovascular system in experimental animals. And thus the bleeding time, prothrombin time, capillary dilation, blood pressure, Intracranial pressure, and enzymatic analysis of the ATPase activities were studied. The result obtained here were as followings: 1. Sagungsan water extract reduced the bleeding time in mouse, and prolonged the prothrombin time in rabbits. 2. The drug extract increased the tail volume by capillary dilation in rats. 3. The drug extract inhibited the increase of intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure in rabbits. 4. At the early time, the increase of arterial blood pressure by the drug extract significantly inhibited by pretreated atropin and regitine in rabbits. 5. The drug extract relaxed the smooth muscle by stimulating the Mg2+-Ca2+-ATPase activities of gastric sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit stomach. 6. The drug extract stimulated the heart contraction by inhibiting the $Mg^{2+}-Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ activities of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit heart. The inhibitory mechanism was reversible and noncompatitive. 7. The drug extract increased the hepatic blood volume by stimulating the hepatic total ATPase activities and hepatic metabolism. 8. The drug extract acted as a tranquilizer by inhibiting the neural Na+-K+-ATPase activity. According to the results, Sagungsan water extract dilated the capillaries, stimulated the heart beat, and thus increased the blood flow with decreasing the intracranial pressure and blood pressure. These effects stanches the epistaxis collectively.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2014

이화누룩은 증자하지 않은 쌀을 물에 불린 후 분쇄하고, 이를 솔잎으로 띄워 발효시킨 한국 전통누룩이다. 이화누룩의 기능성을 평가하기 위해 이화누룩의 에탄올 추출물과 이의 순차적 유기용매 분획물을 조제하고 항혈전 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, ethylacetate 분획물은 강력한 thrombin time, prothrombin time, aPTT 연장효과를 나타내었으며, 유기용매 분획후의 물 잔류물에서는 강력한 혈소판 응집저해능이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 이화누룩의 ethylacetate 분획이 신규의 항혈전제로 사용 가능함을 나타내며, 이는 이화누룩의 항혈전 활성에 대한 최초의 보고이다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether hepatotoxicity could be predicted early using biochemical markers in patients with acetaminophen (AAP) poisoning and to assess the usefulness of predictive factors for acute liver injury or hepatotoxicity. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study involving a medical records review. The participants were patients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) with AAP overdose at two hospitals over a 10-year period. Demographic data, age, time from ingestion to visit, initial AAP level, initial hepatic aminotransferases, and initial prothrombin time were recorded. Acute liver injury was defined as a peak serum ALT >50 U/L or double the admission value, and hepatotoxicity was defined as a peak ALT >1,000 U/L. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to compare the prognostic performance among variables. Results: A total of 97 patients were admitted to the ED with AAP overdose, of whom 26 had acute liver injury and 6 had hepatotoxicity. Acute liver injury was associated with the time interval after taking the drug, and hepatotoxicity was associated with the initial PT and the ALT level. The scoring system proposed by the authors has a significant ability to predict both acute liver injury and hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: To predict the prognosis of AAP poisoning patients, the time interval after taking AAP was important, and initial prothrombin time and ALT level were useful tests. Also a scoring system combining variables may be useful.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.639-655
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• 1996

Cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease are the first and the fourth common causes of death among adults in Korea. Reported risk factors of these diseases are mostly alike. But some risk factors of one of these diseases may prevent other diseases. Therefore, we tried to compare and discriminate the risk factors of these diseases. We recruited four case groups and four control groups among the inpatients who were admitted to Wonju Christian Hospital from March, 1994 to November, 1995. Four control groups were matched with each of four case groups by age and sex. The number of patients in each of four case and control groups were 106 and 168 for acute myocardial infarction(AMI), 84 and 133 for subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), 102 and 148 for intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), and 91 and 182 for ischemic stroke(IS) respectively. Factors whose levels were significantly higher in AMI and IS than in responding control group (RCG) were education, economic status, and triglyceride. Factors whose levels were significantly lower in hemorrhagic stroke than in RCG were age of monarch, and prothrombin time. The factor whose level was higher in AMI than ill RCG was uric acid. The factor whose level was higher in AMI, ICH, and SAM than in RCG was blood sugar. Factors whose levels were significantly higher in all the case groups than in RCG were earlobe crease, Quetelet index, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total cholesterol. The list of risk factors were somewhat different among the four diseases, though none of the risk factors to the one disease except prothrombin time acted as a preventive factor to the other diseases. The percent of grouped cases correctly classified was higher in the discrimination of ischemic diseases(AMI and IS) from hemorrhagic diseases(SAM and ICH) than in the discrimination of cerebrovascular disease from AMI. The factors concerned in the discrimination of ischemic diseases from hemorrhagic diseases were prothrombin time, earlobe crease, gender, age, uric acid, education, albumin, hemoglobin, the history of taking steroid, total cholesterol, and hematocrit according to the selection order through forward selection.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.835-840
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 전복육질과 내장의 추출방법에 따른 추출물의 혈압강하, 항산화, 항혈전 효과에 대한 in vitro 효과를 구명하고자 하였다. 전복육질(abalone body)과 내장(visceral portion)의 80% ethanol 추출물은 ACE(angiotensin converting enzyme)활성에 대해 높은 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 전복육질 추출물의 경우 농도의 증가에 따라 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 내장추출물은 농도증가에 따라 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수용성추출물의 ACE활성억제효과는 농도별에 따라 증가되는 경향을 나타내었으며, 육질과 내장 간에 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아질산염 소거활성으로 평가한 항산활 효과는 80% ethanol 추출물의 경우, 전복육질에서 농도증가에 따라 증가된 수준을 나타내었으나 그 수치는 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 내장의 경우, 낮은 농도에서는 육질과 비슷한 수준을 유지하였으나 농도가 증가함에 따라 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 수용성추출물의 항산화효과는 농도증가에 따라 증가된 수준을 나타내었으나 육질과 내장에 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 항혈전 효과는 80% ethanol 추출물에서 육질의 prothrombin time이 상대적으로 내장의 prothrombin time보다 높게 나타났다. 수용성추출물의 경우, 항혈전 효과가 거의 없었으며, 전복의 육질이나 내장에 따른 특별한 차이점 또한 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수용성추출물을 48시간 냉장온도에서 저장한 후의 전복육질과 내장의 ACE 활성에 대한 억제효과는 육질과 내장간에 큰 차이가 있었으나 0 time의 값과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 항산화 효과는 육질과 내장의 경우 농도증가에 따라 직선적인 증가경향을 나타내었으나, 육질에 비해 내장에서 높은 항산화능이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전복육질과 내장의 prothrombin time은 큰 차이가 없었으며, activated partial thromboplastin time 또한 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2019

Objectives: Venomous fishes have different pharmacological effects and are useful. Among the venomous fish, stonefishes; especially Pseudosynanceia melanostigma has various pharmacological effects on the nervous, muscular and cardiovascular system of humans. In this study, toxicological characteristics, some blood effects, pharmacological and enzymatic properties of Pseudosynanceia melanostigma venom was investigated. Methods: Crude venom purified by using gel filtration chromatography and the molecular weights of the venom and its fractions were estimated. The approximate LD values of this venom were determinedand the effects of LD50 dose on the blood of rabbits were studied. Hemolytic and Hemorrhagic activity of the venom sample was determined. In this case coagulation tests were performed. Results: The LD50 of the Pseudosynanceia melanostigma crude venom was also determined to be $194.54{\mu}g/mouse$. The effect of two doses of LD50 showed a non-significant differences decrease in RBCs and MCV. In other cases, the results showed significant differences in WBC, Plt, Hb, MCH, MCHC and HCT; also it's showed a significant decrease. WBC count showed a significant increase with two doses of LD50 groups. The prothrombin time and partial prothrombin time were increased after venom treatment. As well as bleeding and clotting time were increased. According to the results, a minimum dose for Haemorrhagic effect $40{\mu}g$ was obtained. Conclusion: Venom of Pseudosynanceia melanostigma has inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation that can be used to design and develop of anticoagulant drugs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2011

Background: Antiplatelet agent administration is critical in managing coronary-artery disease, but there is a concern regarding operation-related bleeding and an increase in blood transfusion in such, especially when delivering combined antiplatelet agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the administration of antiplatelet agents on off-pump coronary-artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). Methods: From March 2003 to December 2009, 49 patients who had undergone OPCAB were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to the administration of antiplatelet agents before the OPCAB operation: 21 patients were given an aspirin agent (group 1), 19 patients were given combined agents (aspirin+clopidogrel) (group 2), and nine patients were not given any antiplatelet agent (group 3). The three groups' perioperative hematologic and coagulation profiles, including their platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, prothrombin times, and aPTTs (activated partial thromboplastin times), and their postoperative bleeding, related complications, transfusion requirements, and operation times, were compared. Results: The operation time in group 2 was 4.3 hours, longer than those in the two other groups, and urgent operation was significantly most frequent in group 2 (63%). The amount of blood loss and the number of patients who received blood transfusion were not different in the three groups. The perioperative hemoglobin level, hematocrit, platelet count, prothrombin time, and aPTT were also not significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: The continuous administration of antiplatelet agents to the patients in this study did not increase their postoperative bleeding or operation-related complications. Therefore, OPCAB may well be considered even if combined antiplatelet agents are being administered.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.22-38
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and anticirrhotic effects of Ganyeumilhobang(GIE) on the acute and chronic liver injury induced by various agents. Chronic liver injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) ; a new experimental model for cirrhosis and the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat. Acute liver njury induced by carbon tetrachloride$(CCl_4)$ and D-galactosamine ; a experimental model for acute liver injury, the administration of $CCl_4$ and the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine in the rat. The development of fibrosis and acute liver injury by the three prescriptions were examined by the chemical analysis of AST, ALT, prothrombin time and hydroxyproline. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The increasing level of hydroxyproline volume induced by DMN in mice was decreased by the oral administration of GIB. 2. The degree of histological fibrosis and hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration induced by $CCl_4$ decreased by the oral administration of GIB. 3. The increase of senun AST and ALT of mice with acute liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ and D-galactosamine was inhibited by the administration of GIB. 4. The prolongation of prothrombin time(seconds) of mice acute liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ was shortened by the oral administration of GIB. 5. The liver of mice was hepatectomized partial1y after the oral administration of GIB. The mitotic index(% of nuclei), weight of liver, contents of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis of the liver tissue were increased by the oral administration of GIB.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-38
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Kamigyemyoungsan and each compositive herbs on the intravascular coagulation and subcutaneous hematoma. The intravascular coagulation was induced by the injection of endotoxin into the caudal vein of the rats. These rats were treated with endotoxin after administering orally extracts of Kamigyemyoungsan and each compositive herbs. Then the number of platelet, prothrombin time, the concentration of fibrinogen and FDP(fibrinogen degration product), hematocrit and RBC and WBC were measured. The subcutaneous hematoma was induced by the subcutaneous injection of the autologous whole blood to produce clotting in situ in rats. Then the extracts of Kamigyemyoungsan and each compositive herbs were administered orally. The lesions were then dissected and observed. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The number of platelets of the trial groups was increased as compared with the control group, and revealed significance in sample Ⅰ. 2. The concentration of fibrinogen of the trial groups was increased as compared with the control group, and revealed significance in sample Ⅰ, sampleⅡ and sample Ⅴ. 3. The prothrombin time was shortened significantly in the trial groups, except sampleⅡ and sampleⅣ as compared with the control group. 4. The concentration of FDP decreased in the trial groups, and revealed significance in sample Ⅰ and sample Ⅵ as compared with the control group. 5. The hematocrit significantly increased in sample Ⅰ, sampleⅢ and sample Ⅵ as compared with the control group. 6. The number of RBC significantly increased in sample Ⅵ only as compared with the control group. 7. The number of WBC significantly increased in the trial groups, except sampleⅣ and sample Ⅵ as compared with the control group. 8. Histologically, the lesions in the trial groups showed significantly thinner fibroblastic neomembrane than the control group, except sampleⅢ. According to the above results, it is considered that Kamigyemyoungsan and each compositive herbs have inhibitive effects on the thrombosis and the fibroblastic neomembrane development. Therefore, it seems to be applicable to the diseases related to thrombosis and hematoma.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.171-190
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• 1999

본 실험은 전갈 추출물이 어혈병태 모델과 KCN으로 유발된 전뇌허혈, 뇌세포독성 등에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 전갈은 Dextran에 의해 유도된 혈전으로 감소된 혈소판수, fibrinogen량, hemocrit치를 유의성 있게 증가시키고, 증가된 prothrombin time을 유의성 있게 단축시켰다. 전갈은 thrombin과 ADP에 의해 유도된 혈소판 응집을 억제하였으나 collagen에 의해 유도된 혈소판 응집에는 저해효과를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 collagen과 epinephrine에 의해 유도된 pulmonary embolism에 대하여 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 전갈은 KCN에 의한 전뇌허혈 유발 실험에서 혼수시간을 유의성 있게 단축시켰고, Amyloid ${\beta}$ protein(25-35)에 의해 유도된 PC12 세포의 독성에 대하여 보호효과를 나타내었다.