• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that affects various body organ systems. We evaluated the prevalence of a vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its potential role in the clinical condition of critically ill Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Patients under 18 years old with a 25(OH) vitamin D measurement on the first day of PICU admission were included from among the children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary children's hospital between October 2017 and January 2019. RESULTS: A total of 172 pediatric patients were enrolled. The mean 25(OH) vitamin D level was 17.5 ± 12.8 ng/mL. There was a 65.1% prevalence of VDD (25(OH) vitamin D level < 20 ng/mL). VDD was associated with age at PICU admission, gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary disorders, International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis disseminated intravascular coagulation (ISTH DIC) score, pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (pMODS) score and with several laboratory test findings including hemoglobin, platelet, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, and anti-thrombin III levels. Most of these parameters also showed significant linear correlations with the 25(OH) vitamin D level (P < 0.05). However, no statistically meaningful association was found between VDD and other clinical conditions such as the need for a mechanical ventilator, requirement for vasoactive drugs, duration of the PICU and hospital stays, or PICU mortality. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of VDD in critically ill Korean children. There were significant associations between the 25(OH) vitamin D level and gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary disorders, the pMODS score and with coagulation related factors. Further large-scale studies with more specific subgroup analyses are required to more precisely assess the clinical implications of VDD in critically ill pediatric patients.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 1984

Effects of garlic on hypocholesterolemia, anticoagulation and hypoglycemia were studied in the present experiments using male rats. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The supplementation of $2{\sim}4%$ garlic to 2% cholesterol diets did not affect food intake and weight gain in male rats. 2. Rat's groups fed the diets supplemented with $2{\sim}3%$ garlic (C.D.E.F) to 2% cholesterol diet (B) decreased serum total cholesterol levels by $16{\sim}32%$, triglyceride levels by $18.6{\sim}26.8%$ and ${\beta}/{\alpha}-lipoportein$ rations by $42{\sim}58%$, but increased HDL-cholesterol levels by $29{\sim}65%$ as compared to B group, and so the author assumes that garlic supplementation exerts hypocholesterolemic effect on cholesterol - fed rats because of the increase of HDL and HDL - cholesterol levels. 3. Rat's groups fed the diets supplemented with $2{\sim}4%$ garlic (C.D.E.F) to 2% cholesterol plus 0.25% bile salt diet (B) increased whole blood coagulation times, prothrombin times and fibrinolytic activities, but decreased plasma fibrinogen levels as compared to B group, and so the author assumes that garlic supplementation exerts anticoagulative effect because of the inhibition of fibrinogen synthesis in male rat's liver. 4. Rat's groups fed the diets supplemented with $2{\sim}4%$ garlic (B.C.D.E) to standard diet (A) decreased serum glucose levels by $1{\sim}24%$, but increased serum insulin concentrations by $0.5{\sim}3.0$ times as compared to A group, and so the author assumes that garlic supplementation exerts hypoglycemic effect because of the increase of serum insulin levels by stimulation pancreatic secretion of insulin from ${\beta}-cells$ in the islets of Langerhans.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2001

Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome (FBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism recently demonstrated to be caused by mutations in the GLUT 2 gene for the glucose transporter protein 2 expressed in liver, pancreas, intestine, and kidney. This disease is characterized by hepatorenal glycogen accumulation, both fasting hypoglycemia as well as postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperglactosemia, and generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunctions. We report the first Korean patient with FBS diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and identification of a novel mutation in the GLUT 2 gene. She was initially diagnosed having a neonatal diabetes mellitus due to hyperglycemia and glycosuria at 3 days after birth. In addition, newborn screening for galactosemia revealed hypergalactosemia. Thereafter, she has been managed with lactose free milk, insulin therapy. However, she failed to grow and her liver has been progressively enlarging. Her liver functions were progressively deteriorated with increased prothrombin time. Liver biopsy done at age 9 months indicated micronodular cirrhosis with marked fatty changes. She succubmed to hepatic failiure with pneumonia at 10 months of age. Laboratory tests indicated she had generalized proximal renal tubular dysfuctions; renal tubular acidosis, hypophosphatemic rickets, and generalized aminoaciduria. Given aforementioned findings, the diagnosis of FBS was appreciated at age of 2 months. The DNA sequencing analysis of the GLUT 2 gene using her genomic DNA showed a novel mutation at 5th codon; Lysine5 Stop (K5X).

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2015

Trichloroacetonitrile is used as an intermediate in insecticides, pesticides, and dyes. In Korea alone, over 10 tons are used annually. Its oral and dermal toxicity is classified as category 3 according to the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals, and it is designated a toxic substance by the Ministry of Environment in Korea. There are no available inhalation toxicity data on trichloroacetonitrile. Thus, the present study performed inhalation tests to provide data for hazard and risk assessments. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to trichloroacetonitrile at concentrations of 4, 16, or 64 ppm for 6 hour per day 5 days per week for 13 weeks in a repeated study. As a result, salivation, shortness of breath, and wheezing were observed, and their body weights decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 16 and 64 ppm groups. All the rats in 64 ppm group were dead or moribund within 4 weeks of the exposure. Some significant changes were observed in blood hematology and serum biochemistry (e.g., prothrombin time, ratio of albumin and globulin, blood urea nitrogen, and triglycerides), but the values were within normal physiological ranges. The major target organs of trichloroacetonitrile were the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs. The rats exposed to 16 ppm showed moderate histopathological changes in the transitional epithelium and olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and respiratory epithelium were also changed. Respiratory lesions were common in the dead rats that had been exposed to the 64 ppm concentration. The dead animals also showed loss of cilia in the trachea, pneumonitis in the lung, and epithelial hyperplasia in the bronchi and bronchioles. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was estimated to be 4 ppm. The main target organs of trichloroacetonitrile were the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.466-470
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• 2008

저자들은 저자들은 폐색전증이 발생한 환자에서 기저질환을 조사하던 중 Factor VII 활성도 저하를 관찰하였고, 이 환자에게서 Factor VII 유전자의 프로모터 -401의 단염기 치환($G{\rightarrow}A$)을 발견하여 보고하며, 국내에도 Factor VII 유전자 다형성이 존재함을 밝히며, Factor VII 활성도 감소와 폐색전증이 동반된 환자를 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1998

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 200 hospitalized adult patients in Samsung Medical Center from January 1st in 1995 to June 31st in 1997. Standard criteria were modified and determined from those stated by AJHP (American Journal of Health System Pharmacy) and ASPEN (American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). The justification for indications was appropriate in $35\%,\;44\%,\;and\;32\%$ of the patient's in 1995, 1996, and 1997, respectively, without significant improvement over the last two and half years. Before and during the administration of TPN, several monitoring indicators were well documented, and monitoring frequencies were increased over two and half years period. However, the majority of the monitoring indicators were not found in the standard criteria range of $90\%$. The monitoring indicators for electrolyte balance, $PO_4$ and Mg, were not measured appropriately and resulted in the complications which could have been prevented. The indicator for lipid tolerance, triglyceride and the indicator for hemorrhagic incidence, prothrombin time (PT), were not well documented in comparison with other indicators. The indicators for the improvement in nutritional status, albumin and total protein, were appropriate in $90\%$ of the patients. Determination of TPN formula was based on the laboratory data and chart reviews, and it was appropriate in $98\%$. But the administration of lipid and vitamin K for the prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency and hemorrhage, respectively, was not carried out appropriately when the administration of TPN was prolonged, lasting more than 7 days. When a patient returned to oral or enteral feeding, TPN was terminated. However, increase in albumin level or weight was rarely observed. In conclusion, healthcare professionals should all work as a team and active participation to provide optimized nutrition support for partners.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.685-692
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• 1992

In spite of multiple technical advances, large amount of homologous blood transfusions usually required for open heart surgery. Because the complications associated with transfusion are increased as the number of homologous transfusion increase, especially as transfusion related acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has appeared in recent years, such risks have stimulated recent interest in the use of autologous blood. This is a report concerning 23 consecutive adult autologous donors[autologous group] who had elective cardiac surgery at the Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from march, 1990 to august, 1991. A similar group of 23 patients operated during the same periods without autologous blood donation was used for comparison [control group] to investigate the effect of predonated autologous blood in decreasing the need of homologous transfusion and to investigate predonation related adverse effect. Autologous group consisted of 15 men and 8 women. Control group consisted of 7 men and 16 women. There were no significant differences in mean age, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, platelet count and prothrombin time on admission between the two groups. The mean autologous blood donation in autologous group was 2.2 units. In 10[43.5%] of the 23 atuologous group patients, no homologous RBC products transfusion was required. However, all patients required homologous transfusion in control group. In autologous group, patients required less homologous RBC products than control patients[2.1 units versus 5.3 units; p<0.001]. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count and platelet count between the two groups before discharge. There were no serious complications related to preoperative blood donation, although 3 patients complained of mild dizziness during donation We conclude that preoperative autologous predonation of blood is a safe and effective method for reducing homologous transfusion and is recomended in all patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery except limited contraindications such as severe aortic valve stenosis or unstable angina pectoris.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.692-699
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• 1985

Fifty cases of Open Heart Surgery due to congenital and acquired heart disease were done using the cardiopulmonary bypass in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, Chosun University Hospital from November, 1980 to June, 1985. 1. The age of the congenital heart disease was from 7 to 29 years, the mean age was 14.5 years. In the acquired heart disease, the age was from 14 to 48 years, and the mean age was 22.3 years. The ratio of male to female was about 1.8:1. 2. The number of congenital cyanotic heart disease were 7 patients, congenital acyanotic heart disease were 17 patients and acquired valvular heart disease were 26 patients. All of the acquired heart disease was one or more valve disease. 3. Preoperative symptoms of the congenital heart disease were exertional dyspnea [cyanotic 100%, acyanotic 70.6%] and palpitation [cyanotic 28.6%, acyanotic 76.1%], and the acquired heart diseases were exertional dyspnea [92.3%], palpitation [34.1 %], and chest discomfort [30.8%]. 4. The method of the myocardial protection during the cardiopulmonary bypass were mild or moderate hypothermia, intermittent coronary perfusion of the cardioplegic solution, topical myocardial hypothermia with 4oC Hartmann`s solution. 5. In the cases of the valve replacement, postoperative oral anticoagulant therapy was started at oral intake of food using the warfarin and persantin, and the prothrombin time was maintained 30-50% of control value during 3-6 months for tissue valve replacement and permanently for metal valve replacement. 6. The postoperative complications were appeared in 24 cases and the complications were wound infection, occipital alopecia, hemorrhage etc. 7. The mortality after open heart surgery was 8 percents and the cause of death was low cardiac output syndrome, right heart failure, DIC, and Left ventricle rupture.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 1996

부산대학교병원 흉부외과에서 1982련 3월부터 1992년 2월까지 승모판막치환술을 받은 환자들을 대상으로하여 승모판막치환술 후 장기성적에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. 환자 중 남자는 159명이었고 여자는 215명이 었으며 평균연령은 31.8세였다. 병원사망율은 24례(6.4%)였고 가장 흔한 원인은 저심 박출증후군으로 12례였다. 치환된 판막은 기계 판막이 314개, 조직판막이 60개였고 재치환술을 시행한 경우는 31례로 모두 기계판막을 사용하였다. 거의 전환자에게 coumadin을 투여하여 항응고요법을 시행하였고 국제정상화비(INR)가 1.5~3.0이 되도록 하였다. 생존례의 추적관찰은 93%에서 가능하였고 2270환자-년이었다. 만기 사망례는 12례였는데 그 중 3례가 뇌출혈, 3례가 뇌혈관전색으로 사망하였다. 병원 사망율을 포함한 만기 생존율은 술후 10년에 82.3%였다. 만기합병증의 발생율은 전색증이 1.3%환자-년, 항응고요법과 관련된 출혈성함병증이 1.3%환자-년이었다. 술후 예후에 좋은 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각되는 요인으로는 뉴욕심장협 회의 심기능평가를 포함한 술전 환자상태, 첫 수술인 경우, 판막부속기 보전의 수술법 및 너무 크지 않은 기계판막\ulcorner 사용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

Objectives: There were only small studies about the difference of the quality of life depending on blood stasis. We investigated that the blood stasis made the differences of quality of life. Methods: We recruited the participants stratified according to age and gender. The participants were assessed independently by two Korean medicine doctors more than 7 years of clinical experiences whether or not with blood stasis. And they responded at the questionnaire associated with blood stasis and SF-36. The analysis was done with IBM SPSS Statistics (ver. 21). Results: Total 101 participants were checked for with/without blood stasis. 40 participants were accord in the diagnosis with blood stasis by two doctors. Two researchers coincided in diagnosis with non-blood stasis in 42 participants. 19 participants showed the discrepancy between the assessment of blood stasis and they were classified as non-blood stasis. The mean age in group of blood stasis was $44.07{\pm}11.65$, it was not shown the significant difference comparing non-blood stasis group. The subscale of physical function (PF), role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), mental health (MH) and role emotional (RE) in SF-36 were significantly low in the group of blood stasis. Blood test including biochemistry, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and D-dimer was not in abnormal range according to blood stasis without CRP. Conclusions: The patients that diagnosed of blood stasis showed the bad physical health status, and partially bad mental health. It is necessary to investigate whether Korean traditional treatment for blood stasis would be made improvement for quality of life. Moreover, the standardization of diagnosis on blood stasis would be needed.