• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to enhance our understanding of nitrogen (N) metabolism and mammary amino acid (AA) utilization in lactating cows with divergent phenotypes of residual feed intake (RFI). Methods: Fifty-three multiparous mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected for RFI measurements over a 50-d experimental period. The 26 cows with the most extreme RFI values were classified into the high RFI (n = 13) and low RFI (n = 13) groups, respectively, for analysis of N metabolism and AA utilization. Results: Compared with the high RFI cows, the low RFI animals had lower dry matter intake (p<0.01) with no difference observed in milk yield between the two groups (p>0.10). However, higher ratios of milk yield to dry matter intake (p<0.01) were found in the low RFI cows than in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had significant greater ratios of milk protein to metabolizable protein (p = 0.02) and milk protein to crude protein intake than the high RFI cows (p = 0.01). The arterial concentration and mammary uptake of essential AA (p<0.10), branched-chain AA (p<0.10), and total AA (p<0.10) tended to be lower in the low RFI cows. Additionally, the low RFI cows tended to have a lower ratio of AA uptake to milk output for essential AA (p = 0.08), branched-chain AA (p = 0.07) and total AA (p = 0.09) than the high RFI cows. Conclusion: In summary, both utilization of metabolizable protein for milk protein and mammary AA utilization are more efficient in cows with lower RFI than in the high RFI cows. Our results provide new insight into the protein metabolic processes (related to N and AA) involved in feed efficiency.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.206-210
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• 2004

In order to find out the optimum harvest (dipping) date combined with sowing date on yield and nutrient quality of forage rye which is suitable at the Southern part of Korea, Paldanghomil variety was grown Sep. 2001 to May 2002 at Sunchon National University, and yield and nutrient quality of plant were observed. As harvest date and sowing date were delayed, the plant length was longest, number of leaves per plant was increased in the time of May 20 clipping. Fresh yield was the heaviest in the time of May 20 clipping and Oct. l0 sowing, and the most dry matter yield was the heaviest in the time of May 20 clipping and Oct. 10 sowing. Content of crude protein was the highest and that of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were the lowest in the late time of clipping and sowing. Further more IVDMD was high and dry matter yield and digestible dry matter yield were the highest in the time of May 20 dipping and Oct. 10 sowing. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum harvest (dipping) date combined with sowing date for yield and nutrient quality of forage rye seemed to be the time of May 20 clipping and Oct. 10 sowing.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of oversowing and other seeding methods (oversowing+ raking, oversowing+ raking+compaction, tillage+ broadcasting+ compaction and tillage + drilling+ compaction) on growth, dry matter and crude protein yield of alfalfa (Medicago satiua L.). The results obtained are summarized as follows:1. Soil pH and soil properties were improved by tillage.2. Establishment of alfalfa was increased with raking and compaction, and more by tillage than by oversowing(P

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.316-316
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• 2022

Azuki bean is the important bean crop in Korea, and is traditionally used as a filling material for red bean porridge, rice cakes, and bread, as well as for sediment. So far, the National Insititute of Crop Science has developed azuki bean varieties for various uses, such as for sediment, tea, and azuki bean sprouts. Among azuki bean elite lines, 25 strains were used to analyze the correlation between red bean quality characteristics and sediment yield. The crude protein of red beans was 25.0-28.9%, ash content was 3.8-5.3%, and fat was 0.4-1.0%. As for the appearance quality characteristics of azuki bean, one hundred seed weight was 11.1-19.5 g, the length of seed was 6.45-8.49 mm, the width seed was 4.84-6.45 mm, and the withd/lenght ratio was 0.72-0.89. When the azuki bean were boiled, the thickness of the seed coat was 0.14-0.27 mm and the length ratio of seed was 0.65-0.76 mm, showing that the length of seed was slightly larger than the width. The yield of azuki bean sediment was 239-284% for whole red bean paste, and 144-203% for fine azuki bean paste. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the quality characteristics of azuki beans, such as protein, husk and seed weight, and the yield of azuki bean sediment, the yield of whole azuki bean sediment showed a negative correlation with the seed coat thickness and the length ratio of the original grain at -0.62 and -0.45, respectively. The yield of fine sediment showed a negative correlation with the length ratio of whole azuki beans at -0.49, and a positive correlation with that of white beans at 0.41. However, protein and ash content did not show any correlation with sediment yield. In view of the above results, it is thought that it would be better to have a high seed weight or a low width/length ratio of seed to develope azuki bean cultivar for sediment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 1989

To determine optimal plant density of forage rape in southern areas of Korea, Velox, the highest yielding variety among seventeen introduced varieties of forage rape, was grown under five different plant densities. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Yield components such as stem diameter, number of main stem,leaves, number of branches and number of branch leaves and fresh yield were highest at the plots with 50cm row spacing and 30cm plant spacing. 2. Dry matter yield, content of crude protein, IVDMD and digestible dry matter yield were highest at the plots of broadcasting. 3. Since plants under high density were high in plant length and small in stem diameter, contents of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lowest at the plots of broadcasting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1988

Pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of lime application on yield and chemical composition of burley tobacco in 1986, Lime increased exchangeable calcium and pH of soil, but decreased Al, Fe and Mn concentrations. Yield was increased by lime application, however lime could not be caused to yield increasing in the soil with high calcium contents. Cored leaves of limed Plot contained higher Mg. K, total nitrogen, NO3-nitrogen, water soluble and insoluble ash, alkalinity number of water soluble and insoluble ash, citric and malic acid, but lower Fe, Mn, protein-nitrogen, NH3-nitrogen, nicotine petroleum ether extract, palmitic and linolenic acid concentrations than those of unlined plot. The linoleic acid and volatile neutral constituents of cured leaves were not affected by liming. Lime increased yield, however it did not affect leaf duality in respect to chemical characteristics, suggesting that liming should be necessary for tobacco cultivation.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.180-185
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• 1999

Protein concentrate was produced and succinylated from rice bran to assess and improve its functional properties for the purpose of expanding the uses of rice bran proteins. The most effective solvent for the extraction of rice bran proteins was 20% aqueous ethanol at pH 9. The protein content of rice bran protein concentrate produced was 70.0% and the total protein yield was 64.3%. The extent of succinylation of free amino groups in the modified products was 72.8%. Though the modified protein products showed good functional properties including solubility, emulsion properties, and oil absorption capacity, it did not form gel. Succinylation improved solubility and emulsion and gelling properties. These improvements in functionality will enhance the value of rice bran proteins, thus enabling them to be more competitive with other food proteins.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 1990

Fourteen varieties of soybeans grown in Korea were investigated for their chemical composition, yields and organoleptic properties of soybean curd. The soybean curd was prepared by soaking, grinding and heating of soybeans followed by filtration, coagulation with $CaSO_4$ and pressing. The proximate analysis showed that soybean curd had the moisture content of $75.0{\sim}82.0%\;and\;48.6{\sim}56.1%\;protein,\;14.8{\sim}40.4%\;lipids\;and\;6.4{\sim}26.8%$ carbohydrate by dry weight basis. The yield of volume total solids and protein from 100g of soybeans were $182.2{\sim}227.5cm^3,\;42.65{\sim}55.60%\;and\; 57.90{\sim}76.50%$, respectively. Among the 14 varieties, the highest volume yield was obtained from Suwon-141 which has the highest contents of moisture, carbohydrate and the lowest in lipids of soybean curd. The curd prepared with Baegun and Jangyeob contained relatively low values in moisture, protein and carbohydrate and yielded the lowest in volume yield. Therefor moisture, protein and carbohydrate contents in soybean curd affected greatly on volume yield. The organoleptic properties of odor and taste couldn't find any significant relationship with chemical composition of soybean curd eventhough there were some difference in their intensities among varieties.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1970

Juice were extracted from fresh leaves of 70 species of plants growing in Korea by mincing and pressing the resulting pulp through a cotton cloth. Leaf protein concentrates could be prepared from many species of land and water plants that are at present economically unimportant. The choice of plants is of considerable important. Total-N, protein-N and pH determinations were made on the extracts, and total-N remaining in the fibre were calculated. Leaf protein concentrates were precipitated from the extracts at $75{\sim}80^{\circ}C$, and analysed total-N as protein-N of products. The present paper deals with the calculated yields of leaf protein concentrates from various plants, relations between yield of leaf protein concentrates and total-N of leaves, or pH of extracts, and the amino acid compositions of leaf protein concentrates. Results are summarized as follows. 1. Spinach and radish were the best sources of easily extractable, but good results were also obtained with indian mustard, kail, chenopod, red bean, cucumber, squash, houndberry, white flowered gourd, potato, Humulus japonicus, arrowroot and soybean as a good resources for the production of leaf protein concentrates. 2. In general, the greater the protein content of leaves the greater the yield of leaf protein concentrates. However, there are some plants difficult to make a adequate protein extraction by a simple mechanical process. 3. It was to be expected that leaf protein concentrates would be more extractable with the higher pH of extracts. There were a poor yield of the leaf protein concentrate in the pH values lower than 5.50 of the first extracts. 4. Protein content of the leaf protein concentrate shows marked differences, depending on species and season. It ranged between 29 to 80% of protein contents. However, the majority of plants yielded products containing more than 50% of protein. Products containing more than 75% of protein were obtained from two species of radish and indian mustard. Cabbage and Digitaria sanguinalis cilialis (summer) made products containing 29 to 32% of protein. 5. The amino acid composition of leaf protein concentrates was not greatly altered by species of plants. On an amino acid compositional basis, the leaf protein concentrate has a favorable balance of essential and non-essential amino acids, the only exception being methionine, which was usually low in all cases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 1994

To study the relationship between certain hormones and metabolites and between hormones and milk yield during different stage of lactation, six lactating Karan Swiss cows and six Murrah buffaloes were maintained. Growth hormone, insulin, $T_3$, $T_4$, glucose, BHBA, NEFA and milk yield were studied. Highly negative relationship of growth hormone with insulin and triiodothyronine in cows and marginally negative in buffaloes suggest that insulin and triiodothyronine aid in the process of partitioning of nutrients towards milk production through reducing the demands of nutrients by peripheral tissue. The significant and negative correlation of growth hormone with dry matter intake in both the species suggest that the availability of nutrients from the digestive tract play a role in the regulation of growth hormone secretion. Positive relationship of growth hormone with non esterified fatty acids in both the species suggest that high growth hormone levels may result in fat mobilization and thereby increase the availability of energy precursors for milk synthesis. Insulin was negatively correlated with milk yield and lactose content and positively with milk fat and protein but the degree of relationship varied. In both the species the relationship between triiodothyronine and milk yield was negative and between thyroxine and milk yield was positive. However, it was significant only in cows and not in buffaloes. Thyroxine was positively correlated with beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids with milk yield in both the species.