• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 1982

The study was designed to observe the effects of dietary intake of three different levels of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio on plasma HDL - cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma and tissues of adult rats. Rats were assigned into the three diet groups, composed of protein 24%, carbohydrate 46%, and fat 30% of total caloric intake. However, the P/S ratio of fat was adjusted by using beef tallow, corn oil and perilla oil to give 0.2, 1.1 and 6.0. All groups were fed ad libitum for 4 week. Plasma cholesterol level was decreased but net significantly with increasing P/S ratio of dietary fat, and showed significant negative correlation coefficient. Plasma TG level was also decreased with increasing PUFA level of dietary fat. However, the effect of P/S ratio (6.0) was not greater than that of P/S ratio (1.1) on plasma TG concentration. This implied that high level of PUFA was not required to change plasma TG level as much in the case of HDL-cholesterol. Plasma HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased only in the group of P/S ratio 6.0 which suggested that high level of dietary PUFA was required to increase HDL level. There was a decreasing trend in the levels of total cholesterol and TG per g liver with increasing P/S ratio of dietary fat. There was no effect in the levels of TG per g skeletal muscle by P/S ratio but the level of cholesterol per unit skeletal muscle was rather increased with increased P/S ratio.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2016

A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. This study aims to show that the actions of growth factors associated with PDGFR-${\alpha}$, PDGFR-${\beta}$, VEGFR-2, c-KIT, and c-ABL, which are used in veterinary medicine, are expressed in canine intractable tumors. This study used archival cases of canine paraganglioma, gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Tissues had been immunohistochemical analysis. The antibodies used were PDGFR-${\alpha}$, PDGFR-${\beta}$, c-kit, VEGFR-2, and c-Abl. PDGFR-${\alpha}$ was expressed only in HCC, and PDGFR-${\beta}$ was expressed in all tumors. VEGFR was also only expressed in HCC, and c-KIT has been expressed in HCC, paraganglioma, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma. c-Abl was expressed in all cancers, but was weakly expressed in paraganglioma, while more than moderately expressed in other tissues. In conclusion, this study investigated how TKIs used in human medicine can be applied to canine intractable tumors, through immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that there may be an application for TKIs in treating canine intractable tumors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.293-297
• /
• 2003

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a benign, non-neoplastic lesion characterized by multiple sclerosing masses only within jawbones. It is frequently confused with chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (CDSO) in previous literatures. In our study, two cases of FCOD were examined to know the characteristics of their calcifying tissues. The first case was non-infected, while the second case was severely infected, displaying the typical features of CDSO in clinico-radiologic findings. The infected FCOD case showed a lot of bacterial colonies in the main lesion with relatively rare inflammatory reaction. The globular cementum-like materials of FCOD showed woven bone pattern and was positive for Alcian blue stain, and also positive for the antibodies of ameloblastin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -2 and -4. On the other hands, in the immunostains of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -3, -9, -10, and $TNF-{\alpha}$, macrophage infiltrated in the FCOD lesion was rarely observed. These data suggest that the cementum-like materials of FCOD contain various matrix proteins, and that the cementum-like materials are relevant to the overgrowth of the bacterial colonies by inhibition of the regional inflammatory reactions.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.53 no.10
• /
• pp.521-526
• /
• 2020

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are retrotransposons present in various metazoan genomes and have been implicated in metazoan evolution as well as in nematodes and humans. The long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons contain several regulatory sequences including promoters and enhancers that regulate endogenous gene expression and thereby control organismal development and response to environmental change. ERVs including the LTR retrotransposons constitute 8% of the human genome and less than 0.6% of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) genome, a nematode genetic model system. To investigate the evolutionarily conserved mechanism behind the transcriptional activity of retrotransposons, we generated a transgenic worm model driving green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression using Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV)-K LTR as a promoter. The promoter activity of HERV-K LTR was robust and fluorescence was observed in various tissues throughout the developmental process. Interestingly, persistent GFP expression was specifically detected in the adult vulva muscle. Using deletion constructs, we found that the region from positions 675 to 868 containing the TATA box was necessary for promoter activity driving gene expression in the vulva. Interestingly, we found that the promoter activity of the LTR was dependent on che-1 transcription factor, a sensory neuron driver, and lin-15b, a negative regulator of RNAi and germline gene expression. These results suggest evolutionary conservation of the LTR retrotransposon activity in transcriptional regulation as well as the possibility of che-1 function in non-neuronal tissues.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.40 no.9
• /
• pp.677-684
• /
• 2017

Postmenopausal atrophic vagina (PAV) is the thinning of the walls of the vagina and decreased lugae of the vagina. PAV is caused by decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal women. However, the harmful effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have resulted in considerable caution in its use. Various estrogen agonist treatment options are available. Vitamin D is influences the regulation of differentiation and proliferation of various cells, especially tissues lining stratified squamous epithelium, such as the vaginal epithelium. In this study, we hypothesized that vitamin D could provide an alternative and a safe treatment option for PAV by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of the vaginal epithelium. Thirty six patients were enrolled in this case-control study. Vitamin D associated proteins in a vitamin D and sex hormone treated vaginal epithelial cell line as well as normal and PAV tissues were measured. To confirm of cell-to-cell junction protein expression, cell line and tissue studies included RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining, and immunoblot analyses. The expression of cell-to-cell junction proteins was higher in women with symptoms of atrophic vagina tissue compared to women without the symptoms. Vitamin D stimulated the proliferation of the vaginal epithelium by activating p-RhoA and Erzin through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The results suggest that vitamin D positively regulates cell-to-cell junction by increasing the VDR/p-RhoA/p-Ezrin pathway. This is the first study to verify the relationship of the expression of RhoA and Ezrin proteins in vaginal tissue of PAV.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.238-244
• /
• 2010

Spatial and temporal distribution of Bacillus licheniformis N1 was investigated over time on the leaves, petioles and crowns of the strawberry plants. Bacterial population on the strawberry plants was quantified over time by selective plating. Bacterial population of N1 containing a plasmid pWH43G carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) declined relatively faster on the plant surface as compared to the Strain N1 itself. However, this result was found to be enough to utilize the strain to visualize bacterial colonization on the plant surface. When B. licheniformis N1 was treated together with Silwet L-77 at 0.03%, the bacterial population on plant surface persisted for up to 7 days. B. licheniformis N1 (pWH43G) containing Silwet L-77 was applied on the strawberry plants and the GFP expressing bacteria were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial persistence was also investigated in a growth chamber and in a plastic house after N1 bioformulation treatment on the strawberry plant. The Strain N1 colonized three different tissues well and persisted over 3 to 5 days on the strawberry plants. They formed bacterial aggregates on plant surfaces for at least 3 days, resulting in a biofilm to resist fluctuating plant surface environment. However, the bacterial persistence dramatically declined after 7 days in all tested tissues in a plastic house. This study suggest that B. licheniformis N1 colonizes the strawberry plant surface and persists for a long time in a controlled growth chamber, while it can not persist over 7 days on the plant surface in a plastic house.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.211-223
• /
• 1991

This study was aimed to observe the histological changes of the edentulous and denture wearing alveolar ridge mucosa. The distribution of Langerhans cells was also observed to investigate the mucosal immune response by denture wearing. The mucosal tissues were obtained from of 12 cases of edentulous nondenture wearers(NDW), 7 cases of denture wearers(DW), and 12 cases of flabby tissues(FT). For the identification of Langerhans cells of the mucosal epithelia, the immunohistochemical stain for S-100 protein was applied. The results were as follows : 1. 7 cases among 12 cases of NDW showed hyperkeratosis, and 5 cases were covered by parakeratosis, whereas 3 cases among 7 cases of DW showed hyperkeratosis, and 4 cases showed parakeratosis on the mucosal epithelium. All cases of both DW and NDW demonstrated epithelial hyperplasia, except. 2 cases of DW, which showed epithelial atrophy. The content of glycogen in the epithelial layer showed the decrease in the group of DW. 2. Both NDW and DW showed the infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. The collagen fibers tended to be arranged densely and irregularly in cases of denture wearing period more than 10 years. 3. FT showed variable epithelial changes from epithelial atrophy to marked hyperplasia, and the pattern of keratinization was also variable. The collagen fibers tended to be arranged irregularly. 4. The distribution of Langerhans cells showed the increase of 1.84-1.96 times in the group of DW compared with NDW group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.14
• /
• pp.5807-5815
• /
• 2015

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy and constitutes the fifth leading cause of female cancer death. Some biological parameters have prognostic roles in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and their expression may contribute to tumor progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of SKP2, genes P27Kip1, K-ras, c-Myc, COX2 and HER2 genes expression in ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on two hundred formalin fixed paraffin embedded ovarian cancer and normal adjacent tissues (NAT). Gene expression levels were assessed using real time PCR and Western blotting. Results: Elevated expression levels of SKP2, K-ras, c-Myc, HER2 and COX2 genes were observed in 61.5% (123/200), 92.5% (185/200), 74% (148/200), 96 % (192/200), 90% (180/200) and 78.5% (157/200) of cancer tissues, respectively. High expression of SKP2 and down-regulation of P27 was associated with advanced stages of cancer. Conclusions: The association between high expression of c-Myc and SKP2 with low expression of P27 suggested that the Skp2-P27 pathway may play an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis. Reduced expression of P27 is associated with advanced stage of cancer and can be used as a biological marker in clinical routine assessment and management of women with advanced ovarian cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.5651-5655
• /
• 2013

Objective: Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A (MICA) is a stress-inducible glycoprotein that can be shed as a soluble protein. This study was conducted to determine the expression of MICA in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and examine the clinical relevance of soluble MICA (sMICA) in this disease. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analyses were performed to assess the expression of MICA in 48 pairs of RCC and adjacent normal renal tissues. Serum levels of sMICA were measured in 48 RCC patients, 12 patients with benign renal tumors, and 20 healthy individuals. The correlations between sMICA levels and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed and the diagnostic performance of sMICA in RCC was evaluated. Results: RCCs exhibited elevated expression of MICA compared to adjacent normal tissues. Serum concentrations of sMICA were significantly greater in RCC patients ($348.5{\pm}32.5pg/ml$) than those with benign disease ($289.3{\pm}30.4pg/ml$) and healthy controls ($168.4{\pm}43.2pg/ml$) and significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, vascular invasion, and higher histological grade. Using a cut-off point of 250 pg/ml, sMICA demonstrated a specificity and sensitivity of 63.2% and 75.6%, respectively, in distinguishing between RCC and benign renal tumors. Conclusion: MICA expression is upregulated in RCC and increased serum sMICA levels predict aggressive tumor behavior. However, the applicability of sMICA alone is limited in distinguishing RCC from benign renal tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.5645-5650
• /
• 2013

Src homology 2 domain containing (SHC) is a proto-oncogene which mediates cell proliferation and carcinogenesis in human carcinomas. Here, the SHC SH2-domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) was first established to be up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues by array-base comparative genome hybridization (aCGH). Meanwhile, we examine and verify it by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Our current data show that SHCBP1 was up-regulated in HCC tissues. Overexpression of SHCBP1 could significantly promote HCC cell proliferation, survival and colony formation in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of SHCBP1 induced cell cycle delay and suppressed cell proliferation. Furthermore, SHCBP1 could regulate the expression of activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cyclin D1. Together, our findings indicate that SHCBP1 may contribute to human hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting cell proliferation and may serve as a molecular target of cancer therapy.