• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.341-347
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of chromium in the form of chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits, and in vitro lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissues of Arbor Acre broiler chicks. Experimental diets containing six different levels of chromium (0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppb) were fed for 6 weeks. Individual treatment had six replicates of eight birds each and their average initial weight was 59.2 g. Dietary addition of chromium did not affect growth performance and nutrient utilizability. However, mortality appeared to be reduced with addition of chromium to the diet. It was obvious that chromium supplementation significantly decreased serum cholesterol and increased serum HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05), but serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were inconsistent among dietary supplementation levels of chromium. The in vitro lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissues were significantly influenced by dietary addition of chromium (p < 0.05). Chicks fed diets containing 200 or 400 ppb chromium showed the highest protein content and the lowest fat content in their carcass.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.677-681
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• 2012

The aim of the present research was to investigate clinicopathologic correlations of immunohistochemically-demonstrated axin (axis inhibition) and ${\beta}$-catenin expression in primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), in comparison with paraneoplastic, cirrhotic and normal liver tissues. Variation in Axin expression across groups were significant (P < 0.01), correlating with alpha fetoprotein (AFP), HBsAg, cancer plugs in the portal vein, and clinical stage of HCCs(P < 0.05); however, there were no links with sex, age, and tumour size (P > 0.05). Differences in cell membrane ${\beta}$-catenin expression were also statistically significant (P < 0.01), again correlated with AFP, HBsAg, cancer plugs in the portal vein, and clinical stage in HCCs (P < 0.05) but not with sex, age, and tumour size (P > 0.05). Axin expression levels in tissues with reduced membrane ${\beta}$-catenin were low (P < 0.05), also being low with nuclear ${\beta}$-catenin expression (P < 0.05). Axin and ${\beta}$-catenin may play an important role in the genesis and progression of HCC via the Wnt signal transmission pathway. Simultaneous determination of axin, ${\beta}$-catenin, AFP, and HBsAg may be useful for early diagnosis, and metastatic and clinical staging of HCCs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5799-5804
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• 2012

Family with sequence similarity 189, member B (FAM189B), alias COTE1, a putative oncogene selected by microarray, for the first time was here found to be significantly up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and HCC cell lines. mRNA expression of COTE1 in HCC samples and cell lines was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR, while protein expression of COTE1 in HCC tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, invasion of HCC cells was observed after overexpressing or silencing COTE1. In the total of 48 paired HCC specimens, compared with the adjacent non-cancer tissues, the expression of COTE1 was up-regulated in 31 (p<0.01). In HCC cell lines, COTE1 expression was significantly higher than in normal human adult liver (p<0.01). Overexpression of COTE1 enhanced HCC-derived LM6 and MHCC-L cellular invasion in vitro. In contrast, COTE1 knockdown via RNAi markedly suppressed these phenotypes, as documented in LM3 and MHCC-H HCC cells. Mechanistic analyses indicated that COTE1 could physically associate with WW domain oxidoreductase (WWOX), a tumor suppressor. COTE1 may be closely correlated with invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and thus may serve as an effective target for gene therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3509-3514
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• 2013

The prognostic value of the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blot assays and immunohistochemistry analysis were here performed in order to compare Fn14 expressios in paired liver samples of HCC and normal liver tissue. Most of the tumor tissues expressed significantly higher levels of Fn14 compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues, with Fn14High accounting for 54.6% (142/260) of all patients. The Pearson ${\chi}^2$ test indicated that Fn14 expression was closely associated with serum alpha fetal protein (AFP) (P=0.002) and tumor number (p=0.019). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that along with tumor diameter and portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT ) type, Fn14 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (OS) (HR=1.398, p=0.008) and recurrence (HR=1.541, p=0.001) rates. Fn14 overexpression HCC correlated with poor surgical outcome, and this molecule may be a candidate biomarker for prognosis as well as a target for therapy.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2020

Objectives: Some animal studies have reported that methyl mercury causes developmental toxicities such as placental and fetal weight loss, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the developmental toxicities of methyl mercury, focusing on placental endocrine function and fetal growth retardation in rats. Methods: Positively same-time-mated female Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased on gestational day (GD) eight and treated with 0, 5, 10 and 20 ppm of methyl mercury (n=5) dissolved in tap water from GD eight through 19. During treatment, the drinking water (methyl mercury) intake and body weight of each pregnant rat was measured daily. On day 19, caesarean sections were performed and blood samples were collected. Developmental data such as placental and fetal weights, fetus numbers, and placental efficiency (fetal weight/placental weight) were also collected. Placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) family, such as placental lactogen (PL) -Iv, II, and prolactin-like protein (PLP) -B, levels in serum were analyzed by ELISA. Also, placental tissues were assigned to histochemistry. Results: The mean cumulative methyl mercury exposure for the 5, 10, and 20 ppm groups were 2.37, 4.63, and 9.66 mg, respectively. The mean daily exposure of the 5, 10, and 20 ppm groups were 0.24, 0.47, and 0.97 mg, respectively. Maternal body weight increased in accordance with GD. There was no significant difference in weight gain among the experimental groups. Histopathologic changes were not observed in placental tissues among the experimental groups. However, mean placental and fetal weights were lower in the 10 and 20 ppm exposed groups compared to the control. Placental efficiency was also lower in the 10 and 20 ppm exposed groups compared to the control. Serum PL-Iv and II levels were lower in the 10 and 20 ppm exposed groups than the control, in accordance with the changing pattern of placental and fetal weights and placental efficiency. Conclusion: The inhibitory effects of methyl mercury on the serum levels of placental PRL-GH family such as PL-Iv and II may be secondary leads to the reduction of placental efficiency and fetal growth retardation in rats.

• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2018

The study was designed to assess antioxidant and antidyslipidaemic effects of terpenoid-rich extract from the root of Aristolochia ringens V. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and dyslipidemia were established in rats by single intraperitoneal administration of 65 mg/kg bw streptozotocin. Based on therapeutic dose determined in previous study, streptozotocin-induced rats were orally administered with 75 and 150 mg/Kg bw of A. ringens extract for 14 days. Total protein, serum lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in liver and kidney of the experimental rats were determined. Atherogenic and cardiovascular disease risk indices were computed. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia significantly (p < 0.05) decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione transferase as well as the amount of reduced glutathione in both tissues indicating oxidative stress induced kidney and liver injury due to glucotoxicity. In comparison to non-treated hyperglycaemic rats, activities of the antioxidant enzymes and concentration of glutathione-H were significantly (p < 0.0001) increased, whereas malondialdehyde was reduced in the tissues of rats treated with both 75 and 150 mg/Kg bw of the extract. The extract also caused significant (p < 0.001) reduction in elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, whereas concentration of the attenuated high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was increased in serum of the treated rats. Reduced atherogenic and cardiac risk indices were projected for the A. ringens extract-treated groups. Results from this study showed that extract from A. ringens root was rich in terpenoids and may reduce risks of complications associated with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and dyslipidemia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.78.2-79
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• 2003

Pepper defensin ( CADEFl) clone was isolated from cDNA library constructed from pepper leaves infected with avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xanthomonu campestris pv. vesicatoria. The deduced amino acid sequence of CADEFl is 82-64％ identical to that of other plant defensins. Putative protein encoded by CADEFl gene consists of 78 amino acids and 8 conserved cysteine residues to form four structure-stabilizing disulfide bridges. Transcription of the CADEF1 gene was earlier and stronger induced by X campestris pv. vesicatoria infection in the incompatible than in the compatible interaction. CADEF1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in stem, root and green fruit of pepper. Transcripts of CADEFl gene drastically accumulated in pepper leaf tissues treated With Salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen Peroxide (H$_2$O$_2$), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and DL-${\beta}$-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA). In situ hybridization results revealed that CADEF1 mRNA was localized in the phloem areas of vascular bundles in leaf tissues treated with exogenous SA, MeJA and ABA. Strong accumulation of CADEF1 mRNA occurred in pepper leaves in response to wounding, high salinity and drought stress. These results suggest that bacterial pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors and some environmental stresses may play a significant role in signal transduction pathway for CADEF1 gene expression.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2006

Recent studies in molecular biology and proteomics have identified a significant number of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic disease markers. However, validation of these markers in clinical specimens with traditional histopathological techniques involves low throughput and is time consuming and labor intensive. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) offer a means of combining tens to hundreds of specimens of tissue onto a single slide for simultaneous analysis. This capability is particularly pertinent in the field of cancer for target verification of data obtained from cDNA micro arrays and protein expression profiling of tissues, as well as in epidemiology-based investigations using histochemical/immunohistochemical staining or in situ hybridization. In combination with automated image analysis, TMA technology can be used in the global cellular network analysis of tissues. In particular, this potential has generated much excitement in cardiovascular disease research. The following review discusses recent advances in the construction and application of TMAs and the opportunity for developing novel, highly sensitive diagnostic tools for the early detection of cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2020

Hypoxia is a serious problem in the marine ecosystem causing a decline in aquatic resources. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of genes through binding to the corresponding sequences of their target mRNAs. Especially, miRNAs in the cytoplasm can be secreted into body fluids, which called circulating miRNAs, and the availability of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for hypoxia has been demonstrated in mammals. However, there has been no report on the hypoxia-mediated changes in the circulating miRNAs in fish. miR-210 is known as the representative hypoxia-responsive circulating miRNA in mammals. To know whether fish miR-210 also respond to hypoxia, we analyzed the change of circulating miR-210 quantity in the serum of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in response to hypoxia. The expression of hypoxia related genes, hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and the heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) was also analyzed. Similar to the reports from mammals, miR-210-5p and miR-210-3p were significantly increased in the serum of olive flounder in response to hypoxia, suggesting that circulating miR-210 levels in the serum can be used as a noninvasive prognostic biomarker for fish suffered hypoxia. The target genes of miR-210 were related to various biological processes, which explains the major regulatory role of miR-210 in response to hypoxia. The expression of HIF-1α and HSP90α in the tissues was also up-regulated by hypoxia. Considering the critical role of HIF-1α in miR-210 expression and HSP90 in miRNAs function, the present up-regulation of HIF-1α and HSP90α might be related to the increase of circulatory miR-210, and the interaction mechanism among HIF-1α, HSP90α, and hypoxia-responsive microRNAs in fish should be further studied.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 2005

Barley plants growing in the wet paddy field easily encounter suboptimal oxygen concentration in the rhizosphere that causes molecular oxygen deficiency in root cells. The capacity of root cells to utilize energy sources is known to be positively related to resistance to hypoxia stress. This study was conducted to investigate effects of hypoxia on enzymes involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism. Barley seedlings at the third leaf stage were subjected to hypoxia (1 ppm dissolved oxygen) by purging the culture solution with nitrogen gas for up to seven days. The protein content was slightly decreased by hypoxia for 7 days. $\alpha-Amylase$ activities increased significantly in the root but not in the shoot after 3 to 7 days of hypoxia. $\beta-Amylase$ activities were not affected significantly in both tissues. Additionally, sucrose synthase activities were affected little in both tissues by 7 days of hypoxia. The results indicate that root cells activate break­down of polysaccharide reserves in response to an acute hypoxia to supply energy sources for fermentative glycolysis and cell wall fortification.