• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.475-481
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• 1995

금속결합 단백질인 metallothionein (MT) 유전자 의 발현이 효모의 중금속 내성과 제거 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다 MT유전자로 형질전환된 재조합 효모는 숙주세포에 비해서 $Cu^{2+}$내성이 3배 이상 증가하였으나, $Cr^{2+}, Pb^{2+}, Znr^{2+}$에 대한 내성은 숙주세포와 별차이가 없었다. 재조합효모는 8mM $CuSP_4$를 함유하며 포도당을 탄소원으로 한 배지에서 18.9mg $Cu^{2+}$/g dry cell로 $Cu^{2+}$를 제거하였다. $Cu^{2+} 와 Zn^{2+}$의 훈합배지에서 $Cu^{2+}$가 존재함으로써 $Zn^{2+}$이 효모에 미치는 독성을 완하시켜 효모의 생육 속도와 최종균체농도를 증가시켰다. 재조합효모의 $Cu^{2+}$ 제거량은 배지중 $Cu^{2+}$농도에 비례하였다. $Cu^{2+}$ 농도가 2배, 3배 증가할 때 균체 g당 $Cu^{2+}$제거량은 각각 2.3배, 3.1배 증가하였다. 그러나 $Cu^{2+}$제거효 율은 $Cu^{2+}$농도와 무관하게 거의 얼정한 값인 57% 를 보였다. $Zn^{2+}$제거량은 $Zn^{2+}$농도에 비례하나 증가율은 $Cu^{2+}$간에 비하여 매우 낮았다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2013

Muscular satellite cell (SC), which is stem cell of postnatal pig, is an important for study of differentiation into adipogenesis, myogenesis, and osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we isolated and examined from pig muscle tissue to determine capacity in proliferate, differentiate, and expression of various genes. Porcine satellite cells (PSC) were isolated from semimembranosus (SM) muscles of 90~100 days old pigs according to standard conditions. The cell proliferation increased in multi-potent cell by Masson's, oil red O, and Alizarin red staining respectively. We performed the expression levels of differentiation related genes using real-time PCR. We found that the differentiation into adipocyte increased expression levels of both fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) genes (p<0.01). Myocyte increased the expression levels of the myosin heavy chain (MHC), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), myogenic regulatory factor (MyoD), and Myogenic factor 4 (myogenin) (p<0.01). Osteoblast increased the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0.01). Finally, porcine satellite cells were induced to differentiate towards adipogenic, myogenic, and osteoblastogenic lineages. Our results suggest that muscle satellite cell in porcine may influence cell fate. Understanding the progression of PSC may lead to improved strategies for augmenting meat quality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.946-956
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• 1999

The iron nutritional status of 328(20-70 years old) women in Seoul and Puyo areas was evaluated using a dietary information and a measurement of hematological indices. The serum iron was measured by Red Blood Cell(RBC), Hemoglobin(Hb), Hematocrit(Hct), Serum Iron(S-Fe), Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), Transferrin Saturation(TS) and Serum Ferritin(SF) and was analyzed with the information obtained by interviews which included socio-demographic variables and the dietary pattern of the subjects. The mean Hb was 12.6 $\pm$ 1.21g/dl(Seoul : 12.4 $\pm$ 1.14g/dl, Puyo : 13.2 $\pm$ 1.28g/dl), Hct was 38.7 $\pm$ 3.84%(Seoul: 37.5 $\pm$ 3.28%, Puyo: 4.19 $\pm$ 3.48%), S-Fe was 76.8 $\pm$ 31.49ug/dl(Seoul: 68.8 $\pm$ 27.3ug/dl, Puyo: 78.8 $\pm$ 32.3ug/dl) and TIBC was 277.7 $\pm$ 86.15ug/dl(Seoul: 354.1 $\pm$ 129.8ug/dl, Puyo: 259.0 $\pm$ 59.55ug/dl). The mean Ts(%) was 30.9 $\pm$ 17.9% (Seoul: 21.7 $\pm$ 10.52%, Puyo: 33.2 $\pm$ 18.68%) and the level was significantly higher in Puyo women(p<0.05). The mean SF was 45.4 $\pm$ 46.21ng/ml(Seoul: 53.6 $\pm$ 50.21ng/ml, Puyo: 36.1 $\pm$ 39.83ng/ml). The Red Blood Cell(RBC) showed a negative correlation with age and Hb, Hct showed a negative correlation with education and income level. However TIBC showed a and total energy expenditure per day. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron and vit.C intake showed a positive correlation with Hb and Hct. In particular, heme iron showed a positive correlation with RBC and nonheme iron of Hb, income level and iron intake affected on the level of Hct. In Seoul women, the age of menarche affected on the level of TIBC, total energy expenditure affected on the level of Hct. In Seoul women, the age of menarche affected on the level of TIBC, total energy expenditure affected on the level of S-Fe.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

항생제는 감염병 환자의 치료, 농수축산업의 생산성 향상을 위한 목적으로 광범위하게 사용되는 약물이다. 그러나 항생제 과용 및 낮은 생분해성으로 인해 상당량이 하수로 누출되어 환경오염을 유발하며 내성 박테리아 출현을 촉진하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 생분해성 혈청 단백질인 알부민을 항생제 흡착제로 사용하기 위한 가능성을 탐구하였다. 혈청 알부민은 다양한 대사 산물과 호르몬을 모든 조직의 혈관 외 공간으로 운반하는 천연 혈액 단백질이다. 혈청 알부민은 수용성이 높지만 이온성, 친수성 또는 소수성 분자를 쉽게 수용하는 고유 결합 부위를 가지고 있어 나노 흡착제로 유망한 물질이다. 코아세르베이션(coacervation)을 유도하기 위해 탈용매제인 에탄올을 알부민 수용액에 적가하여 150 ~ 170 nm 크기 범위의 알부민 나노 입자로 탈수화 및 액-액분리 하였다. 글루타르알데히드 가교제를 첨가할 경우 알부민 나노입자의 크기 안정성 및 동질성이 증가하였다. 항생제 아목시실린에 대한 알부민 나노입자의 흡착능 평가에서 가교제 사용 농도, pH에 따른 흡착능의 차이가 관찰되었다. 분광광도법으로 측정한 알부민 나노입자의 단위질량당(mg) 최대 흡착능은 pH 4.0 수용액에서 아목시실린 12.4 마이크로그램(㎍)이다. 이러한 결과는 물에서 항생제를 제거하는 천연 나노 흡착제를 제조하기 위한 구성 물질로서 혈청 알부민의 잠재력을 보여준다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1921-1928
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• 2022

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of age on growth, tibia development, and intestinal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) transporter gene expressions in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 224 male Arbor Acres broilers were fed with nutrient-adequate diets and reared in eight cages (28 broilers per cage). Eight broilers (one broiler per cage) were selected and killed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days of age, respectively. Results: Body weight continuously increased with age of broiler chickens from 5 to 40 days. The bone weight, ash weight, diameter, and length of the tibia also increased with broiler age. By contrast, the tibia ash, Ca, and P percentages quadratically changed with age (p<0.001), and the highest values of mineral contents were observed at 20, 25, and 25 days of age, respectively. The mRNA abundances of calcium-binding protein 28-kDa (CaBP-D28k), sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), and plasma membrane ATPase 1b (PMCA1b) increased from 5 to 25 days and then decreased up to 40 days. Similar results were noted in the mRNA abundances of IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb), inorganic phosphate transporter 1 (PiT-1), inorganic phosphate transporter 2 (PiT-2), nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR), and membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR). The mRNA abundances of Ca and P transporters and VDRs were the highest at 25 days of age. Conclusion: These data indicate that age quadratically affects intestinal Ca and P transporter gene expression and mineral absorption capacity in broiler chickens.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2018

본 연구는 떫은감 청도반시의 분말을 열수 추출하고 칼럼 추출하는 과정에서 획득한 PWE와 TEP에 대한 대사체 프로파일을 분석하고, 유리지방산을 처리한 HepG2 세포와 식이로 고지혈증을 유도한 Wistar계 흰쥐의 간조직을 사용하여 중성지질 및 콜레스테롤 대사 관련 유전자 발현을 측정하였다. 대사체 분석은 가스크로마토그래프-질량분석법과 액체크로마토그래프-질량분석법을 사용하였으며, PLS-DA 분석과 heatmap 분석을 실시한 결과 PWE는 떫은감 분말과 비교적 유사한 대사체 프로파일을, 그리고 TEP는 떫은감 분말과 매우 다른 대사체 프로파일을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 세포실험과 또한 세포실험에서 얻어진 결과를 검증하기 위해 수행된 동물실험에서 PWE와 TEP는 모두 SREBP1c와 FAS 유전자 발현을 감소하여 간의 지방축적을 감소시키는 것으로 관찰되었으나, 콜레스테롤 축적을 억제하는 효능은 PWE에 비해 TEP에서 우세하게 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다. 특별히 TEP는 SREBP2, HMGCR 유전자 발현을 억제하고 LDLR 유전자 발현을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. TEP는 탄닌 중 Gallic acid 그리고 장쇄지방산아미드인 Oleamide와 Palmitamide 함량이 유의하게 증가되었으므로, 향후 이들 성분과 타깃 유전자의 상관성을 분석하고, 이를 통해 시스템네트워크로 나타내어 대사체 프로파일에 따른 지질 및 콜레스테롤 대사 간 상호 영향을 추가적으로 연구해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2004

Objectives : Iron (Fe) is an essential element in biological processes; however excessive Fe is harmful to human health. Some air pollutants contain a high level of Fe, and the human lung could therefore be over-exposed to Fe through inhaled air pollutants. This study was performed to investigate the role of metal transporters (divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1, and metal transporter protein 1, MTP1) in the lung under the environments of Fe deficiency in the body and Fe over-exposure in the lung. Methods : Rats were fed Fe deficient (FeD, 2-6 mg Fe/kg) or Fe supplemented (FeS, 120 mg Fe/kg) diet for 4 weeks, followed by a single intratracheal instillation of ferrous sulfate at low (10 mg/kg) or high (20 mg/kg) dose. Fe concentration was analyzed in the serum, lung and liver, and histopathological findings were observed in the lung at 24 hours after Fe administration. The level of DMT1 and MTP1 expression in the lung was analyzed by RT-PCR. Also, the effect of Fe deficiency in the body was evaluated on the level of Fe concentration and metal transporters compared to FeS-diet fed rats at the end of 4-week FeD or FeS diet. Results : The 4-week FeD diet in rats induced an Fe deficiency anemia with decreased serum total Fe, increased unsaturated Fe binding capacity and hypochromic microcytic red blood cells. The concentration of Fe in the lung and liver was lower in the FeD-diet fed rats than in the FeS-diet fed rats. The level of metal transporters mRNA expression was higher in the FeD-diet fed rats than in the FeS-diet. The concentration of Fe in the lung was increased in a dose-dependent pattern after intratracheal instillation of Fe into the rats, while the level of Fe in the serum and liver was not increased in the low-dose Fe administered rats. Therefore, DMT1 and MTP1 mRNA was highly expressed in both FeD-diet and FeS-diet fed rats, after intratracheal instillation of Fe. Conclusions : DMT1 and MTP1 mRNA were more highly expressed in FeD-diet fed rats than in FeS-diet fed rats. The over-exposure of Fe intratracheally induced high expression of metal transporters and increased Fe deposition in the lung in both FeD-diet and FeS-diet fed rats, but did not increase the Fe level of the serum and liver in low-dose Fe administered rats. These results suggest that the role of metal transporters in the lung might be different in a part from the duodenum under the environment of over-exposure to Fe.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1971

Nutritional anemia is an important nutritional problem affecting large population groups in most developing countries. Nutritional anemia is caused by the absence of any dietary essential involed in hemoglobin formation or by poor absorption of these dietary components. The most likely causes are lack of dietary iron, and folate, vitamin $B_{12}$ and high qualify protein. Anemia is considered to be a late mainfeastation of nutritional deficiencies, and even mild anemia is not the earilest sign of such a deficiency. Therefore, the object of therapy is to correct underlying deficiency rather than merely its manifestation. Iron deficiency anemia is generally much the most common form of anemia. And it is very prevalent particularly in pregnant women and young children, especially under five year of life. According to the rapid growth rate of infants, dietary iron should he provided for infants over three months of age in adequate amounts for the synthesis of hemoglobin required by the increasing blood volume and for the demands of newly formed cells. The principal causes of iron deficiency anemia are an inadequate dietary iron content, interference with absorption of iron from the intestine, excessive losses of iron from the body, disturbance of iron metabolism by infection, and social and cultural environments. The present study is planned to obtain informations concerning nutritional anemia through anthropometric and biochemical determinations for the assessment of nutriture in pre-school children. Determination was taken in 226 pre-school children in ruraI arae in 1968, 122 pre-school children in 1970, and 1526 hospitalized pre-school children in 1970. The results of this study are as follows; (1) According to Iowa Malnutrition Borderline (85 percentile) for weight, the proportions of underweighed pre-school boys and girls in rural area were 47.2% and 46.2% in1968, and were 36.1% and 51.8% in 1970. According to Iowa Malnutrition Borderline for height, the proportions of underheight boys and girls in rural area were 30.5% and 33.7%, and were 26.2% and 21.8% in 1970. Malnutrition scores of underweight for height values of boys and girls in rural area were 19.3 and 17.3 in 1968, and the scores of boys and girls were 15.6 and 15.5 in 1970. (2) The mean hemoglobin values of boys and girls in rural area were $11.2{\pm}1.8g/100ml\;and\;11.4{\pm}1.6g/100ml$ in 1968. In 1970, the mean values of boys and girls in rural area were $11.3{\pm}1.3g/100ml\;and\;11.7{\pm}2.4g/100ml$. The mean hemoglobin values of hospitalized boys and girls were $11.9{\pm}2.2g/100ml\;and\;11.7{\pm}2.4g/100ml$ in 1970. It is found that 92 of 215 children (42.7%) in rural area had concentrations of hemoglobin less than 11.0g/100ml in 1968. In 1970, 55 of 121 children (45.4%) in rural area and 559 of 1526 hospitalized children (36.6%) had concentrations of hemoglobin less than 11.0g/100ml. (3) The mean hematocrit levels of hospitalized boys and girls were $35{\pm}26.8%\;and\;35.4{\pm}6.4%$ in 1970. And 443 of 1334 hospitalized children (33.2%) had hematocrit values below 33%. (4) The average mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels of hospitalized boys and girls were $32.4{\pm}2.2\;and\;32.3{\pm}2.2$ in 1970. And 1016 of 1352 hospitalized children (75.1%) had the mean corpuscular hemoglobin values below 34. (5) The mean iron values of young children in rural area and hospitalized children were $62.0{\pm}6.3{\mu}g/100ml\;and\;60.7{\pm}22.8{\mu}g/100ml$. The proportions of anemia cases below $50{\mu}g/100ml$ in rural area was 37.9%, and 34.3% in hospitalized children. (6) The mean total iron binding capacity of young children in rural area was $376{\pm}57.88{\mu}g/100ml,\;and\;342.2{\pm}6.15{\mu}g/100ml$ in hospitalized children. (7) The average transferrin saturation percentage of young children in rural area was $16.9{\pm}4.7%,\;and\;18.0{\pm}8.4%$ in hospitalized children. The proportions of anemia cases below 15% of young chi1dren in rural area and hospitalized children were 48.3% and 41.2%. Therefore, authors wish to recommend that the following further studies should be undertaken: (1) Standardization of simplied laboratory examination of nutritional anemia. (2) The prevalence of nutritional anemia and the requirements of iron, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ of pre-school children. (3) The content and absorption of iron in Korean food. (4) The pathogenesis of nutritional anemia and prevention of parasitic disease. (5) Maternal health and nutrition education.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2014

본 연구는 돼지감자를 이용한 가공식품 개발 시 돼지감자에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 돼지감자의 영양성분 및 이화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 돼지감자의 수분함량은 $5.06{\pm}0.08%$, 조회분 $5.04{\pm}0.03%$, 조단백질은 $8.30{\pm}0.26%$, 조지방 $0.70{\pm}0.16%$, 탄수화물은 80.90%이었다. 돼지감자의 총당 함량은 $50.48{\pm}1.11$ mg/g 이었다. 색도를 측정한 결과 L값은 $94.16{\pm}0.03$, a값은 $0.32{\pm}0.01$, b값은 $0.30{\pm}0.01$로 측정되었다. 돼지감자의 수분결합능은 $4.04{\pm}0.16$ g/g, 수분활성도는 $0.245{\pm}0.005$였다. 돼지감자의 총 아미노산은 $1.337{\times}10^4$ mg/kg였고, 그 중 필수아미노산의 함량은 2,737 mg/kg였다. 아미노산 중 histidine이 7,305 mg/kg로 가장 많았고 leucine이 184.16 mg/kg로 가장 적은 양을 함유하고 있었다. 유리당은 fructose를 0.8%, maltose는 3.2% 함유하고 있었으며 지방산은 linoleic acid가 0.21%로 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 무기질 함량은 K함량이 2,489 mg%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 돼지감자의 비타민 C 함량은 $3.43{\pm}0.07$ mg%으로 측정되었다. 총 페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 $3.06{\pm}0.07$ mg GAE/g, $1.89{\pm}0.03$ mg QE/g으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.603-614
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• 2017

본 연구는 2010~2012년 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 20~79세 한국 성인 총 16,595명을 대상으로 식품안정성에 따른 건강 및 영양섭취상태를 살펴보았다. 식품안정성 문항의 답변에 따라 Secure군은 7,256명 (43.7%), Mildly insecure군은 8,764명 (52.8%), Moderately/Securely insecure군은 575명 (3.5%) 이었다. 식품불안정은 나이가 많을수록, 여성일수록, 교육 및 소득 수준이 낮을수록, 독거인 경우, 체질량지수, 현재 흡연율, 운동유무, 직업에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 20~39세 그룹에서 식품불안정성이 높은 군일수록 헤모글로빈은 낮았고, 철결합능은 높았으며, 40~59세 그룹에서 식품불안정성이 높은 군일수록 HDL-콜레스테롤이 낮았으며, 60~79세 그룹에서 식품불안정성이 높은 군일수록 총 콜레스테롤이 높게 측정되었다. 식품안정성이 불안정할수록 20~39세 남자에서는 수면시간이 적었고, 40~59세 남자에서는 우울증상과 자살을 생각해본 비율이 높았고 60~79세 남자는 수면시간이 많았고 스트레스를 많이 느끼고 우울증상과 자살을 생각해 본 대상자의 비율이 높았다. 또한 식품안정성이 불안정한 여성은 40~59세, 60~79세 공통적으로 스트레스를 많이 느끼며 우울증상과 자살생각과 같은 정신건강과 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 영양소 섭취량은 식품불안정이 높은 그룹일수록 전체적인 영양소 섭취량이 낮은 경향을 보였고, 전반적으로 20~39세 그룹에서는 Secure군과 Mildly insecure군의 섭취에는 유의적인 차이가 없는 반면, 40~59세, 60~79세 그룹에서는 세 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 또한 식품섭취량은 모든 그룹에서 식품불안정이 높은 그룹일수록 전반적인 식품섭취는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과 우리나라 성인의 식품안정성은 나이, 성별, 교육, 소득수준, 독거 유무, 직업 특성 및 활동 가능성 여부 등과 관련이 있으며 식품안정성은 식품섭취와 영양소 섭취뿐만 아니라 스트레스, 우울증, 자살생각과 성인의 정신건강과 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 한국 성인 및 노인에게 식품불안정이 신체적 및 정신적 건강상태와 식이섭취상태를 악화시키는 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 젊은 성인보다 중년과 노인이 식품불안정에 따른 건강에 더 취약한 것으로 나타나 연령에 따라 식품안정성과 건강을 확보하기 위한 다양한 정책과 영양지원 프로그램이 필요함을 확인하였다.