• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.344-353
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• 2022

Objectives: Auraptene is the most abundant natural prenyloxycoumarin. Recent studies have shown that it has multiple biological and therapeutic properties, including antioxidant properties. Erythrocytes are constantly subjected to oxidative damage that can affect proteins and lipids within the erythrocyte membrane and lead to some hemoglobinopathies. Due to the lack of sufficient information about the antioxidant effects of auraptene on erythrocytes, this study intended to evaluate the potential of this compound in protecting radical-induced erythrocytes damages. Methods: The antioxidant activity of auraptene was measured based on DPPH and FRAP assays. Notably, oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes was used as a model to study the ability of auraptene to protect biological membranes from free radical-induced damage. Also, the effects of auraptene in different concentrations (25-400 µM) on AAPH-induced lipid/protein peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) content and morphological changes of erythrocytes were determined. Results: Oxidative hemolysis and lipid/protein peroxidation of erythrocytes were significantly suppressed by auraptene in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Auraptene prevented the depletion of the cytosolic antioxidant GSH in erythrocytes. Furthermore, it inhibited lipid and protein peroxidation in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, FESEM results demonstrated that auraptene reduced AAPH-induced morphological changes in erythrocytes. Conclusion: Auraptene efficiently protects human erythrocytes against free radicals. Therefore, it can be a potent candidate for treating oxidative stress-related diseases.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2012

In this study, the cellular protective effect and antioxidative property of peanut sprout root extracts were investigated. Cellular protective effects of peanut sprout root extracts on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of extracts exhibited a cellular protective effect in a concentration dependent manner. Particularly, the aglycone fraction of extracts showed prominent cellular protective effects in a concentration range (5~50 ${\mu}g/mL$). They are more effective than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol, known as a lipid peroxidation chain blocker. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of peanut sprout root extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of extracts ($OSC_{50}$; 1.59 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed a similar ROS scavenging activity compare with that of L-ascorbic acid (1.50 ${\mu}g/mL$), known as a strong antioxidant. On the other hand, the order of free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydraxyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) was (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol > 80% MeOH extract > aglycone fraction > ethyl acetate fraction. These results indicate that peanut sprout root extracts can function as an antioxidant in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to solar UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and to protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.482-490
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• 2011

In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase of Sorbus commixta (S. commixta) twig extracts were investigated. The aglycone fraction of S. commixta twig extract showed the prominent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity($FSC_{50}$, $13{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities of S. commixta twig extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The 50 % ethanol extract among extracts showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$, $0.189{\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effects of extract/fractions of S. commixta twig on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The 50 % ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed the cellular protective effects against ROS in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of S. commixta twig extract on tyrosinase was investigated to assess the whitening efficacy. The ethyl acetate ($IC_{50}$, $113.2{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction($IC_{50}$, $105.3{\mu}g/mL$) on tyrosinase showed more remarkable inhibitory effect than arbutin($IC_{50}$, $226.88{\mu}g/mL$), known as the whitening agent. The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($IC_{50}$, $6.9{\mu}g/mL$) on elastase was simillar to quercetin($IC_{50}$, $6.1{\mu}g/mL$), flavonoid known as reference compound. These results indicate that extract/fractions of S. commixta twig can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. S. commixta twig extracts can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for anti-aging products.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.559-567
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidative effect, cellular protective effect and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($11.48\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC50) than those of leaf and stem extracts ($17.45\;{\mu}g$/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC50) of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/H2O2 system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($0.56\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed 3 times more excellent ROS scavenging activity than L-ascorbic acid ($1.50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The protective effects of the ethyl acetate fractions of extracts from different parts of Cosmos bipinnatus on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fractions of leaf and stem extract and flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($10\sim50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($62.75\;{\mu}g$/mL) on tyrosinase was investigated to assess the whitening efficacy. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract showed 3.5 times higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect than arbutin ($226.88\;{\mu}g$/mL) known as an effective whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant and whitening.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2011

In this study, the antioxidative and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase of Hippophae rhamnoides (H. rhamnoides) leaf extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of H. rhamnoides extracts showed more effective free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$ = 4.68 ${\mu}g$/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$) of the aglycone fraction in the luminol-dependent $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system was 0.19 ${\mu}g$/mL. The aglycone fraction exhibited more prominent cellular protective effects (${\tau}_{50}$, 133.3 min at 10 ${\mu}g$/mL) in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. The inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) of the aglycone fraction on tyrosinase was 54.86 ${\mu}g$/mL, and more effective than arbutin known as whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of Hippophae rhamnoides extract can be used as antioxidants in biological system, particulaly skin exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes against ROS.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

In this study, the antioxidative effects of Equisetum arvense extracts were investigated. The free radical (1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense was in the order: 50 % ethanol extract ($182.04{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($54.50{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction ($14.13{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Equisetum arvense extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol- dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction ($OSC_{50}$, $3.54{\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % ethanol extract ($0.80{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($0.006{\mu}g/mL$). Ethylacetate fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract (50%) suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner, particularly deglycosylated aglycone extract exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect ($\tau_{50}$, 161.10 min at $10{\mu}g/mL$). These results indicate that extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.510-518
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• 2003

Protective effects of natural components including genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) from Glycine max MERRILL on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. Genistein $(10{\sim}100\;{\mu}m)$ suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner, and was more effective than the lipid peroxidation chain blocker, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (Vit. E). Glycoside of genistein, genistin, the water-soluble antioxidant, L-ascorbate, and the iron chelator, myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid dodecasodium salt (sodium phytate) did not exhibit protective effect against photohemolysis. L-Ascorbate and sodium phytate stimulated photohemolysis at high concentration $(500\;{\mu}m)$. ${\alpha}$-Carotene 3,3'-diol (lutein), a singlet oxygen $(^1O_2)$ quencher, exhibited pronounced protective effect, an indication that $^1O_2$ is important in photohemolysis sensitized by rose-bengal. Reactive oxygen scavenging activities $(OSC_{50})$ of natural antioxidants including genistein on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay were in the order of sodium phytate > L-ascorbate > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol > genistein > genistin. $OSC_{50}$ value of genistein, genistin, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, L-ascorbate, and sodium phytate were 41.0, 109.0, 9.0, 5.2, and $0.56{\mu}m$ respectively. The order of free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity $(FSC_{50})$ was L-ascorbate > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol > genistein > genistin. These results indicate that genistein can function as an antioxidant in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to solar UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and to protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2012

Purpose: The forehead flap is the workhorse in nasal reconstruction, which provides a similar skin color, texture, structure, and reliability. There are some disadvantages, including donor site morbidities, 2- or 3-stage operations, and postoperative management after initial flap transfer. Furthermore, there has been little attention to the exposed raw surface wound, after the first stage of an operation. This article describes the authors' modification to overcome this problem, using artificial collagen membrane. Methods: An Artificial collagen membrane is composed of an outer silicone membrane and an inner collagen layer. After a forehead flap elevation, the expected raw surface was covered by an artificial collagen membrane with 5-0 nylon suture. A simple dressing, which had been applied to the site, was changed every 2 or 3 days in an outpatient unit. At 3 weeks postprocedure, a second stage operation was performed. Results: With biosynthetic protection of the raw surface, there were no wound problems, such as infection or flap loss. Thus, the patient was satisfied due to an effortless management of the wound and a reduction in pain. Conclusion: The application of an artificial collagen membrane to the raw under-surface of the flap could be a comfortable and a protective choice for this procedure.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

In the present study, the antioxidative properties, inhibitory activity on tyrosinase, and active components of Eriobotrya japonica (E. japonica) leaf extract were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fraction of E. japonica leaf was in the order 50 % ethanol extract ($22.625{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction (6.75) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction (5.06). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of fraction/extracton ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescenceassay were investigated. $OSC_{50}$ of the ethyl acetate fraction, deglycosylated aglycone fraction, and ethanol extract were 0.75, 0.79, and $1.61{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The cellular protective effects of E. japonica leaf extract on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The protective effects of extract/fraction of E. japonica leaf were increased in a in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, ${\tau}50$ of ethyl acetate fraction at concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$ and $50{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effects at 390.8 min and 1471.5 min. The inhibitory effect ($IC_50$) on tyrosinase of E. japonica leaf extracts was higher than arbutin, known as a skin-whitening agent. The order of inhibitory effects was acetate fraction ($75.25{\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % extract (74.1) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction (43.35). TLC of the ethyl acetate fraction showed 7 bands (EJL 1 - EJL 7). HPLC of the aglycone fraction exhibited 2 peaks, kaempferol and quercetin. The amounts of kaempferol and quercetin were 53.7 and 46.3 %. respectively. Therefore, The amounts of kaempferol and its glucoside were a little bit higher than quercetin and its glucoside in E. japonica leaf extract. Accordingly, these findings suggest that extracts/fractions of E. japonica leaf can function as antioxidants in biological systems, especially skin exposed to UV radiation, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Thus, the extract/fraction of E. japonica leaf may be used in novel functional cosmetics as antioxidants against skin photoaging.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

In this study, the antioxidative effects of Sueada asparagoides and Salicornia herbacea extracts were investigated. The free radical(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides was in the order: 100 % ethanol extract(329.33 ${\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % ethanol extract(40.73) < ethylacetate fraction(13.87) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction (7.80). In case of Salicornia herbacea, the free radical scavenging activities of ethylacetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 13.87 and 7.80 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging activities($OSC_{50}$) of Sueada asparagoides and Solicornia herbacea extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity of Sueada asparagoides extracts was 50 % ethanol extract($OSC_{50}$, $0.99{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction (0.05) < aglycone fraction (0.03). Aglycone fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. In case of Salicornia herbacea, the ROS scavenging activities of ethylacetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 0.10 and 0.20 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides and Salicornia herbacea on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract(100%) of Sueada asparagoides diminished photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner($1{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$). Particularly deglycosylated aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect($\tau_{50}$, 310 min at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). In case of Salicornia herbacea, ethylacetate fraction exhibited more potent protective effect. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS.