• 한국음향학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2012

본 연구는 다문화가정 이주여성의 운율구 경계짓기와 억양패턴에 대한 음향학적인 분석을 통하여 이주여성대상 한국어교육 프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 대부분의 운율 특성에서 이주집단이 한국집단과 차이를 보였다. 한국집단은 첫 어절을 100% 강세구로 읽은 반면, 이주집단은 거의 억양구로 실현하였으며 이주여성들은 첫 분절음에 따라 달라지는 강세구의 첫 음조의 패턴 습득이 아직 제대로 이루어지지 않아 한국집단보다 훨씬 다양한 첫 어절의 억양패턴들을 보였다. 몇몇 운율 특성에서는 이주집단 간에도 차이를 보였으며 한국에서의 거주기간이 상대적으로 긴 필리핀집단이 베트남집단에 비해 상대적으로 한국집단에 가까운 특성을 보였다. 문장 내 평균 억양구수는 베트남집단이 필리핀집단보다 많았으며 가부의문문의 문미 경계음조는 필리핀집단은 한국집단처럼 'H%'로만 실현한 반면, 베트남집단은 'H%'뿐만 아니라 'HL%'로도 실현하였다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.67-70
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• 2006

Prosody can be used to resolve syntactic ambiguity of a sentence. English relative clause construction with complex NP(the N1, N2, and RC sequence) has syntactic ambiguity and the clause can be interpreted as modyfying N1(high attachment) or N2(low attachment), Speakers and listeners can disambiguate those sentences based on the prosody. In this paper, we investigate the Korean English learners production on the prosodic structure of English relative clause construction. The production experiment shows that the beginner learners use the phrasing frequently and the advanced learners depend on both the phrasing and the accent. One of the characteristic of the Korean English learners' intonation is that the Korean accentual phrase tone pattern LHa is transferred to their production.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 1997

이 논문에서는 첫 번째로 운율구 경계를 자동으로 추출하고자 할 때 인간의 지각과 관련하여 어떠한 자질을 이용하는 것이 좋은가 하는 점을 밝혀 보았다. 운율구 경계의 유형은 크게 경계가 없는 강도(zero), 약한 경계 강도(minor break strength), 강한 경계 강도(major break strength) 3 단계로 정하는 것이 통계적으로 의의가 있으며 지속시간의 정보가 강한 경계 유형의 결정에 중요하게 작용하는 자질이었음을 알 수 있었다. 두 번째로는 운율구 경계현상 분석결과를 바탕으로 운율구 경계의 경계 강도를 약한 경계 강도(zero를 포함)와 강한 경계 강도로 나누고, 2단계의 경계 강도를 텍스트상에서 문장성분의 bigram, trigram을 정보를 이용하여 자동으로 할당하였다. Bigram의 경우 Test-I, Test-II 텍스트 DB에 대해 각각 46.0%, 38.2%의 강한 경계 강도 예측정확률과 22.8%, 8.4%의 삽입오류율의 성능을 내었으며, Trigram인 경우 Test-I, Test-II 텍스트 DB 각각에 대해 58.3%, 42.8%의 강한 경계 강도 예측정확률과 30.0%, 11.8%의 삽입오류율를 나타냈다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.114-118
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• 2007

The current study investigates the degree to which various prosodic cues at the boundaries of a prosodic phrase in Korean (Accentual Phrase) contributed to word segmentation. Since most phonological words in Korean are produced as one AP, it was hypothesized that the detection of acoustic cues at AP boundaries would facilitate word segmentation. The prosodic characteristics of Korean APs include initial strengthening at the beginning of the phrase and pitch rise and final lengthening at the end. A perception experiment revealed that the cues that conform to the above-mentioned prosodic characteristics of Korean facilitated listeners' word segmentation. Results also showed that duration and amplitude cues were more helpful in segmentation than pitch. Further, the results showed that a pitch cue that did not conform to the Korean AP interfered with segmentation.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제35_36호
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• pp.145-155
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• 1998

This study intended to determine the most appropriate POS(Part of Speech) sets for predicting prosodic boundary strength efficiently. We used 3-level POB bets which Kim(1997), one of the authors, has devised. Three POS sets differ from each other according to how much grammatical information they have: the first set has maximal syntactic and morphological information which possibly affects prosodic phrasing, and the third set has minimal one. We hand-labelled 150 sentences using each of three POS sets and conducted perception test. Based on the results of the test, stochastic language modeling method was used to predict prosodic boundary strength. The results showed that the use of each POS set led to not too much different efficiency in the prediction, but the second set was a little more efficient than the other two. As far as the complexity in stochastic language modeling is concerned, however, the third set may be also preferable.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.246-246
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• 1996

Purpose: Some of the properties of the prosodic phrasing and some acoustic and phonological effects of contrastive focus on the tonal pattern of Seoul Korean is explored based on a brief experiment of analyzing the fundamental frequency(=FO) contour of the speech of the author. Data Base and Analysis Procedures: The examples were chosen to contain mostly nasal and liquid consonants, since it is difficult to track down the formants in stops and fricatives during their corresponding consonantal intervals and stops may yield an effect of unwanted increase in the FO value due to their burst into the following vowel. All examples were recorded three times and the spectrum of the most stable repetition was generated, from which the FO contour of each sentence was obtained, the peaks with a value higher than 250Hz being interpreted as a high tone (=H). The result is then discussed within the prosodic hierarchy framework of Selkirk (1986) and compared with the tonal pattern of the Northern Kyungsang dialect of Korean reported in Kenstowicz & Sohn (1996). Prosodic Phrasing: In N.K. Korean, H never appears both on the object and on the verb in a neutral sentence, which indicates the object and the verb form a single Phonological Phrase ($={\phi}$), given that there is only one pitch peak for each $={\phi}$. However, Seoul Korean shows that both the object and the verb have H of their own, indicating that they are not contained in one $={\phi}$. This violates the Optimality constraint of Wrap-XP (=Enclose a lexical head and its arguments in one $={\phi}$), while N.K. Korean obeys the constraint by grouping a VP in a single $={\phi}$. This asymmetry can be resolved through a constraint that favors the separate grouping of each lexical category and is ranked higher than Wrap-XP in Seoul Korean but vice versa in N.K. Korean; $Align-x^{lex}$ (=Align the left edge of a lexical category with that of a $={\phi}$). (1) nuna-ka manll-ll mEk-nIn-ta ('sister-NOM garlic-ACC eat-PRES-DECL') a. (LLH) (LLH) (HLL) ----Seoul Korean b. (LLH) (LLL LHL) ----N.K. Korean Focus and Phrasing: Two major effects of contrastive focus on phonological phrasing are found in Seoul Korean: (a) the peak of an Intonatioanl Phrase (=IP) falls on the focused element; and (b) focus has the effect of deleting all the following prosodic structures. A focused element always attracts the peak of IP, showing an increase of approximately 30Hz compared with the peak of a non-focused IP. When a subject is focused, no H appears either on the object or on the verb and a focused object is never followed by a verb with H. The post-focus deletion of prosodic boundaries is forced through the interaction of StressFocus (=If F is a focus and DF is its semantic domain, the highest prominence in DF will be within F) and Rightmost-IP (=The peak of an IP projects from the rightmost $={\phi}$). First Stress-F requires the peak of IP to fall on the focused element. Then to avoid violating Rightmost-IP, all the boundaries after the focused element should delete, minimizing the number of $={\phi}$'s intervening from the right edge of IP. (2) (omitted) Conclusion: In general, there seems to be no direct alignment constraints between the syntactically focused element and the edge of $={\phi}$ determined in phonology; all the alignment effects come from a single requirement that the peak of IP projects from the rightmost $={\phi}$ as proposed in Truckenbrodt (1995).

• 음성과학
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• 제2권
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• pp.95-108
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• 1997

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate prosodic characteristics of English as spoken by Koreans. Test materials were four English words, a sentence, and a paragraph. Six female Korean speakers and five native English speakers participated in acoustic and perceptual experiments. Pitch and duration of word syllables were measured from signals and spectrograms made by the Signalize 3.04 software program for Power Mac 7200. In the perceptual experiment, accent position, intonation patterns, rhythm patterns and phrasing were evaluated by the five native English speakers. Preliminary results from this limited study show that prosodic characteristics of Koreans include (1) pitch on the first part of a word and sentence is lower than that of English speakers, but the pitch on the last part is the opposite; (2) word prosody is quite similar to that of an English speaker, but sentence prosody is quite different; (3) the weakest point of sentence prosody spoken by Koreans is in the rhythmic pattern.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.289-305
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• 2001

The conjunctive marker '-ko' in Korean can be interpreted as meaning either conjunctive 'and' or ordering 'and then'. The interpretation of '-ko' is ambiguous in written texts but not in spoken texts. It is because the meaning of the utterance is determined by the combination of the text with its prosody. The two meanings of ' -ko' can be explained by the theory of implicature, which was introduced by Grice (1973, 1981). This paper examines the meaning of the marker '-ko' with respect to the relation between its meaning and prosody. The results of the experiments in this paper showed that the prosodic phrasing in Korean influences the interpretation of the marker '-ko'. When two constituents combined by '-ko' are realized in the same accentual phrase, the marker can be interpreted as meaning 'exactly be orderly'. This meaning can be classified as the Particularlized Conversational Implicature (PCl) in Gricean theory. In the other cases of phrasing, the marker '-ko' can mean either 'conjunctive' or 'be orderly' by the Generalized Conversational Implicature (GCI). The fact that phrasing determines the interpretations of the marker '-ko' can be seen as supporting the view that prosody interacts with various levels of linguistic phenomena from phonology to pragmatics.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 5월 학술대회지
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

Intonation as suprasegmental phonetic features conveys meanings on the postlexical or utterance level in a linguistically structured way. It includes three aspects: tunes, relative prominence, and intonational phrasing. In this article, I will treat how prosodic phrasing is functionally related to the listening comprehension of English by analysing the students' errors of listening comprehension. When utterance meaning is conveyed, it is realized to be divided into intonational phrases. The small intonational phrase is regarded as an intermediate phrase which has a primary accent and a phrase tone or audible break. Most students' errors of listening occurred with linking pronunciation in the intermediate phrases of the fast speech. Thus through the smallest unit with tune we can help students improve their pronunciation and listening ability of English.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.280-287
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• 1997

성공적인 음성인식·합성 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 음운론적 지식, 특히 운율 정보의 도입이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 우선 음성인식·합성을 위한 운율음운 론의 연구동향을 개관하고, 국어의 음운단위와 경계의 설정에 관한 이론적·실험적 고찰을 정리하였으며, 음운단위에 따른 경계의 자동적 발견을 위하여, 데이터를 수집 하고 시스템을 구현하여 실험을 행하였다. 단순회귀 신경망을 이용하여, 2,200여 개 의 문장에 있는 12,000여개의 음운단어를 외부정보의 도움이 전혀 없이 훈련시킨 결 과, 70%정도의 예측률을 보였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 방법을 다른 정보와 결합하여 사용한다면, 음운경계의 발전과 그에 따른 분절화를 정확하게 행할 수 있으리라 기대 된다.