• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2003

When the exposure surface of restoration is brushed with various toothpaste in the mouth, wear or undesirable surface deposit of restoration can occur. Surface change of gallium alloys according to brushing and toothpaste may directly affect oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface alterations of Gallium alloys during tooth brushing with different prophylactic agents. Two gallium-alloys and an amalgam as a control were investigated. Without and with brushing were applied with three kinds of prophylactic agents on the sample for 0, 1, 5, 10, 60 and 360 minutes. At each time interval, surface roughness was recorded by a profilometer and some pictures were taken by a SEM. All results were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey multiple comparisons and the simple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that gallium alloys are more susceptible to surface degradation during tooth brushing than amalgam with respect to the specific prophylactic agent used.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

Background: Posaconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent and the most recommended prophylactic antifungal agent for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the status and effectiveness of posaconazole as a prophylactic antifungal agent in pediatric patients receiving induction chemotherapy for AML. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 36 pediatric patients with AML (between January 2013 and September 2017) at the Yonsei University Health System. Invasive fungal disease (IFD) was assessed as the primary endpoint of prophylactic antifungal effect. The secondary endpoints were incidence of fever, persistent fever despite the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for 72 h, alteration of antifungal agent, intensive care unit admission, and death within 100 days. Results: Among the 36 patients, 18 patients used posaconazole, 12 were treated with suspension formula, and 6 of them were treated with tablets. Eighteen patients did not use antifungal agents prophylactically. The mean number of days of posaconazole administration was $26.8{\pm}16days$. IFD occurred in 2/18 (11.1%) patients in the no prophylaxis group and in 1/18 (5.6%) patients in the posaconazole group (p=0.49). Conclusion: Posaconazole is expected to be useful for the prevention of IFD in pediatric patients with AML undergoing induction chemotherapy. Prospective studies of the effectiveness of posaconazole prophylaxis should be conducted in more pediatric patients in the future.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1997

A protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, PS-K, isolated from Coriolus versicolor was evaluated for its ability to enhance resistance against Edwardsiella tarda, causal agent of classical edwardsiellosis in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish treated with a dose rate of 0.1 mg PS-K $g^{-1}$ body weight were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of E. tarda with different concentrations. Against low burdens of injections($1.2{\times}10^7$ and $1.2{\times}10^8$ cfu/fish), PS-K treated fish did not show any mortality compared to 50% and 100% mortality of control groups, respectively. However there was no increase of resistance against challenge with high concentrations of E. tarda ($1.2{\times}10^9$ and $1.2{\times}10^{10}$cfu /fish) except few days delaying of death. Tilapia injected with PS-K one day after intraperitoneal inoculation of E tarda($1.2{\times}10^7$ cfu/fish) showed 100% survival rate compared to control group of 50% survival rate. The result indicates the potential of PS-K as a prophylactic agent in aquaculture. The increased antibody response in fish received PS-K one week prior to FKC administration suggested the influence of PS-K on the specific humoral immunity and increased resistance against bacterial infection.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2019

Background: Prophylactic antibiotic administration after surgery for a nasal bone fracture is performed due to concerns about infection-related complications, such as, toxic shock syndrome. To evaluate the validity and efficacy of antibiotic use, we compared the results obtained and the bacterial profiles of nasal packing materials in patients that underwent closed reduction for a nasal bone fracture with or without prophylactic antibiotic administration. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with a nasal bone fracture, but without an open wound, that underwent closed reduction during March to August 2017 were included in the present study. Fifteen of these 30 patients were randomly assigned to a control group, members of were administered postoperative intravenous antibiotics once at the day of surgery and then oral antibiotics for 4 days. The other 15 patients were assigned to an experimental group and not administered any antibiotic postoperatively. Antibiotic ointment was not applied to nasal packing in either group. Nasal packing was removed on postoperative day 4 in all cases. Removed nasal gauze packings were culture tested and strains identified in the two groups were compared. Results: Bacterial strain types cultured from packings were similar in the experimental and control groups and no patient showed signs of clinically significant infection. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest postoperative prophylactic antibiotic use is not clinically required after closed reduction of a nasal bone fracture. Furthermore, the non-use of postoperative antibiotics is biologically beneficial, as it reduces the occurrence of resistant strains and medical costs, and is more convenient for patients.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.920-931
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• 2011

Nerve agents are irreversible inhibitors of the cholinesterase enzyme. Exposure causes a progression of toxic signs, including hypersecretions, fasciculations, tremor, convulsions, respiratory distress, epileptiform seizures, brain injuries and death. A combined regimen of prophylaxis and therapy is the most effective medical countermeasure for dealing with the threat of nerve agent poisoning to military personnel. In this paper, the author investigated the updated technologies regarding various pre- and post-treatment drugs for nerve agents detoxification which are under development in several countries including Korea. Some characteristics of active ingredients in the formulations of drugs, their action mechanisms, and effectiveness were analyzed. Additionally, part of experimental data on the transdermal patch studied in ADD using beagle dogs was introduced.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.312-315
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• 2013

Abdominal compartment syndrome is one cause of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity. Although prophylactic dose of anticoagulation agent is safely started after 24~48 hours without the evidence of active bleeding, there may be bleeding complication related to invasive procedure which trauma victims undergo. Inferior vena cava filter should be considered in the treatment plan of this complex situation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the enzymatic hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by wheat phytase and to investigate the effects of wheat phytase-treated LPS on in vitro toxicity, cell viability and release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-8 by target cells compared with the intact LPS. The phosphatase activity of wheat phytase towards LPS was investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors such as L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine. In vitro toxicity of LPS hydrolyzed with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assessed. Cell viability in human aortic endothelial (HAE) cells exposed to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was measured. The release of IL-8 in human intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells applied to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assayed. Wheat phytase hydrolyzed LPS, resulting in a significant release of inorganic phosphate for 1 h (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the degradation of LPS by wheat phytase was nearly unaffected by the addition of L-phenylalanine, the inhibitor of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase or L-homoarginine, the inhibitor of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Wheat phytase effectively reduced the in vitro toxicity of LPS, resulting in a retention of 63% and 54% of its initial toxicity after 1-3 h of the enzyme reaction, respectively (p < 0.05). Intact LPS decreased the cell viability of HAE cells. However, LPS dephosphorylated by wheat phytase counteracted the inhibitory effect on cell viability. LPS treated with wheat phytase decreased IL-8 secretion from intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cell to 14% (p < 0.05) when compared with intact LPS. In conclusion, wheat phytase is a potential therapeutic candidate and prophylactic agent for control of infections induced by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and associated LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases in animal husbandry.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.476-481
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• 2007

A polymorphic fungus, Candida albicans, causes various forms of infections such as disseminated candidiasis and vaginitis. Recent reports indicate that the fungus is a main etiological agent for the arthritis. In search of new sources for treatment of the fungal arthritis, we examined $18{\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid ($18{\beta}$-GA) against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis. The compound is isolated from Glycyrrhizae Radix that is known to have various immunomodulating activities and is one of the most popular herbal medicines. For induction of animal model of a septic arthritis, mice were given an emulsion form of C. albicans cell wall mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) via footpad-injection. To determine prophylactic and therapeutic effects, the component was given to the animals before or after the induction of the arthritis, respectively. Data showed that intraperitoneal administration of $18{\beta}$-GA resulted in reduction of the inflammation, indicating the component had both prophylactic and therapeutic activities. For investigation of mechanism of the $18{\beta}$-GA, inhibitory effects on NO (nitiric oxide) and on T-lymphocyte proliferation were determined. Results demonstrated that $18{\beta}$-GA suppressed NO production from LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-treated macrophages and also inhibited proliferation of Con A (concanavalin A)activated T-cells. Taken together, $18{\beta}$-GA, a pentacyclic triterpene, has anti-arthritic activity against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis, possibly by blocking NO production and T-cell suppression.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 1993

This study was performed to evaluate the prophylactic effects of trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) In mice experimentally infected with virulent RH strain and avirulent Beverley strain of T dognii. The mice infected with $1{\times}10^5$ tachyzoltes were used In the measurement of mean survival days, and the mice infected with 10 cysts were used In the tltratlons of specific antibodies and enumeration of brawn cysts. Mean survival days of mice were significantly increased In mice treated with TMP-SMZ as compared with splramycln-treated and untreated control group. Mean survival days and survival rates of mice were Increased according to the Increment of dosages, and TMP-SMZ protected 100% of mice after fifteen daily dose of 24 mg/mouse or more admlnlsted orally. Toxoplasma-specific serum IgG and IgM antibody titers were slgnlflcantly lower in mice treated with TMP-SMZ than those of splramycln-treated and untreated control group. Toxoplosma cysts were not found In mice treated with TMP-SMZ at a dose of 24 mg/mouse or more per day but the group of splramycin treatment and untreated controls were found in the brain from 20 days after Infection. The present results revealed that TMP-SMZ can be used as a prophylactic agent against murine toxoplasmosls after Intraperitoneally challenges with the virulent or avlrulent strain of T. gondii.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.182-186
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• 2012

Objective: Many studies have demonstrated that hydrosalpinx has a detrimental effect on the outcome of IVF. Treating hydrosalpinges prior to the IVF procedure in women with hydrosalpinges is thought to improve the likelihood of successful IVF outcome. Vaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of hydrosalpinx fluid (HSF) with injection of the sclerosing agent in situ might be simpler than invasive procedures like salpingectomy. Therefore, we carried out a retrospective study on the effects of ultrasound-guided HSF aspiration and injection of the sclerosing agent of ultrasonically diagnosed hydrosalpinx on IVF outcome. Methods: In our retrospective study, 97 tubal factor infertile female patients that underwent IVF treatment between January 2005 and December 2012 at the Reproductive Medicine Center of CHA Hospital were divided into two study groups. Fifty-six patients underwent interventional ultrasound sclerotherapy (group 1), and the remaining 41 patients received laparoscopic salpingectomy (group 2) before IVF. We compared the IVF outcomes of the two groups. Results: The results showed that ultrasound-guided HSF aspiration and sclerotherapy have IVF outcomes comparable to laparoscopic salpingectomy. Conclusion: Interventional ultrasound guided sclerotherapy before IVF is an effective and less invasive prophylactic intervention alternative to salpingectomy with hydrosalpinx.