• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.552-559
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• 2009

The effect of porosity on the crack propagation is studied by using the cohesive zone model. Standard mode I fracture test were done by using compact tension specimens with various porosities. Load-load line displacement curves and ${\delta}_5$-crack resistance curves for various porosities were obtained from experiments. The cohesive zone model proposed by Xu and Needleman was employed to describe the crack propagation in porous media, and the Gurson model is used for constitutive relation of porous materials. These models were implemented into user subroutines of a finite element program ABAQUS. The fracture mode changes from ductile fracture to brittle fracture as the porosity increases. Numerical calculations agree well with experimental results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1592-1601
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• 1998

The growing use of unlicensed wireless systems has spurred interest in the 2.4 Ghz ISM band. In order to facilitate the efficient design of such systems, understandings of the propserties of radio wave propagation in buildings is necessary. Many authors have reported about statistical propagation models based on the extensive measurements in buildings. However, measurement based statistical analysis will not be enough for the optimum deployment of the communication systems in the specific building. Aviding expensive measurements in the individual buildings prior to installation, or adjustments afterwards, theoretical prediction models have been developed to predict the path loss and delay spread from the building floor plane. Predictions shows good agreements with measurements except for a few environments which was surrounded by heavy scatterers.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 2012

In this work, the iterative coupling of finite element and boundary element methods for the investigation of coupled fluid-fluid, solid-solid and fluid-solid wave propagation models is reviewed. In order to perform the coupling of the two numerical methods, a successive renewal of the variables on the common interface between the two sub-domains is performed through an iterative procedure until convergence is achieved. In the case of local nonlinearities within the finite element sub-domain, it is straightforward to perform the iterative coupling together with the iterations needed to solve the nonlinear system. In particular, a more efficient and stable performance of the coupling procedure is achieved by a special formulation that allows to use different time steps in each sub-domain. Optimized relaxation parameters are also considered in the analyses, in order to speed up and/or to ensure the convergence of the iterative process.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1143-1155
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• 1999

셀룰러 방식의 이동통신 시스템에서 전파의 유효신호 도달범위를 예측하기 위해서는 전파전파 모델을 이용한 예측기법이 주로 사용된다. 그러나, 전파과정에서 주변 지형지물에 의해 발생하는 전파손실은 매우 복잡한 비선형적인 특성을 가지며 수식으로는 정확한 표현이 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 신경회로망의 함수 근사화 능력을 이용하여 전파손실 예측모델을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 전파손실을 송수신 안테나간의 거리, 송신안테나의 특성, 장애물 투과영향, 회절특성, 도로, 수면에 의한 영향 등과 같은 전파환경 변수들의 함수로 가정하고, 신경회로망 학습을 통하여 함수를 근사화한다. 전파환경 변수들이 신경회로망 입력으로 사용되기 위해서는 3차원 지형도와 벡터지도를 이용하여 전파의 반사, 회절, 산란 등의 물리적인 특성이 고려된 특징 추출을 통해 정량적인 수치들을 계산한다. 이와 같이 얻어진 훈련데이타를 이용한 신경회로망 학습을 통해 전파손실 모델을 완성한다. 이 모델을 이용하여 서울 도심 지역의 실제 서비스 환경에 대한 타 모델과의 비교실험결과를 통해 제안하는 모델의 우수성을 보인다.Abstract In cellular mobile communication systems, wave propagation models are used in most cases to predict cell coverage. The amount of propagation loss induced by the obstacles in the propagation path, however, is a highly non-linear function, which cannot be easily represented mathematically. In this paper, we introduce the method of producing propagation loss prediction models by function approximation using neural networks. In this method, we assume the propagation loss is a function of the relevant parameters such as the distance from the base station antenna, the specification of the transmitter antenna, obstacle profile, diffraction effect, road, and water effect. The values of these parameters are produced from the field measurement data, 3D digital terrain maps, and vector maps as its inputs by a feature extraction process, which takes into account the physical characteristics of electromagnetic waves such as reflection, diffraction and scattering. The values produced are used as the input to the neural network, which are then trained to become the propagation loss prediction model. In the experimental study, we obtain a considerable amount of improvement over COST-231 model in the prediction accuracy using this model.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2022

Electromagnetic topology (EMT) technique is a method to analyze each component of the electromagnetic propagation environment and combine them in the form of a network in order to effectively model the complex propagation environment. In a typical commercial communication channel model, since the propagation environment is complex and difficult to predict, a probabilistic propagation channel model that utilizes an average solution, although with low accuracy, is used. However, modeling techniques using EMT technique are considered for application of propagation and coupling analysis of threat electromagnetic waves such as electromagnetic pulses, radio wave models used in electronic warfare, local communication channel models used in 5G and 6G communications that require relatively high accuracy electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics. This paper describes the effective implementation method, algorithm, and program implementation of the electromagnetic topology (EMT) method analyzed in the frequency domain. Also, a method of deriving a response in the time domain to an arbitrary applied signal source with respect to the EMT analysis result in the frequency domain will be discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.4
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• pp.479-489
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• 2019

The corrosion of reinforcement leads to a gradual decay of structural strength and durability. Several models for crack occurrence prediction and crack width propagation are investigated in this paper. Analytical and experimental models were used to predict the bond strength in the period of corrosion propagation. The manner of flexural strength loss is calculated by application of these models for different scenarios. As a new approach, the variation of the concrete beam neutral axis height has been evaluated, which shows a reduction in the neutral axis height for the scenarios without loss of bond. Alternatively, an increase of the neutral axis height was observed for the scenarios including bond and concrete section loss. The statistical properties of the parameters influencing the strength have been deliberated associated with obtaining the time-dependent bending strength during corrosion propagation, using Monte Carlo (MC) random sampling method. Results showed that the ultimate strain in concrete decreases significantly as a consequence of the bond strength reduction during the corrosion process, when the section reaches to its final limit. Therefore, such sections are likely to show brittle behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1992.08a
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• pp.21-21
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• 1992

The paper is devoted to one of the branches tsunami. wave hydrodynamics. The theory of propagation, transformation and runup of tsunami waves taking into account the nonlinearity and the dispersion is exposed. The available data on real tsunamis are reviewed.(omitted)

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2016

This paper briefly introduces efforts into space debris modeling towards a better understanding of space debris environment. Space debris modeling mainly consists of debris generation and orbit propagation. Debris generation can characterize and predict physical properties of fragments originating from explosions or collisions. Orbit propagation can characterize, track, and predict the behavior of individual or groups of space objects. Therefore, space debris modeling can build evolutionary models as essential tools to predict the stability of the future space debris populations. Space debris modeling is also useful and effective to improve the efficiency of measurements to be aware of the present environment.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-66
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• 2007

The objective of this paper is to provide experimental data on the propagation of curved crack-surfaces and the respective load-displacement diagrams for the validation of numerical models for cracking of concrete, subjected to three-dimensional stress states. To this end beam-shaped specimens are subjected to combined bending and torsional loading, leading to the formation of a spatially curved crack-surface. The experimental data contain the evolution of the load and of the strains at selected points in terms of the crack mouth opening displacement and the propagation of the crack surface.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2019

The bedding plane has a significant influence on the effect of blasting fragmentation and the overall performance of underground mining. This paper explores the effects of fragmentation of the bedding plane and different angles by using the numerical analysis. ANSYS/LS-DYNA code was used for the implementation of the models. The models include a dynamic compressive and tensile failure which is applied to simulate the fractures generated by the explosion. Firstly, the cracks propagation with the non-bedding plane in the coal with two boreholes detonated simultaneously is calculated and the particle velocity and maximum principal stress at different points from the borehole are also discussed. Secondly, different delay times between the two boreholes are calculated to explore its effects on the propagation of the fractures. The results indicate that the coal around the right borehole is broken more fully and the range of the cracks propagation expanded with the delay time increases. The peak particle velocity decreases first and then increases with the distance from the right borehole increasing. Thirdly, different angles between the bedding plane and the centerline of the two boreholes and the transmission coefficient of stress wave at a bedding plane are considered. The results indicated that with the angles increase, the number of the fractures decreases while the transmission coefficient increases.