• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

Background: Prolotherapy is a proliferation therapy as an alternative medicine. A combination of dextrose solution and lidocaine is usually used in prolotherapy. The concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine used in the clinical field are very high (dextrose 10%-25%, lidocaine 0.075%-1%). Several studies show about 1% dextrose and more than 0.2% lidocaine induced cell death in various cell types. We investigated the effects of low concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine in fibroblasts and suggest the optimal range of concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine in prolotherapy. Methods: Various concentrations of dextrose and lidocaine were treated in NIH-3T3. Viability was examined with trypan blue exclusion assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Migration assay was performed for measuring the motile activity. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activation and protein expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined with western blot analysis. Results: The cell viability was decreased in concentrations of more than 5% dextrose and 0.1% lidocaine. However, in the concentrations 1% dextrose (D1) and 0.01% lidocaine (L0.01), fibroblasts proliferated mildly. The ability of migration in fibroblast was increased in the D1, L0.01, and D1 + L0.01 groups sequentially. D1 and L0.01 increased Erk activation and the expression of collagen I and α-SMA and D1 + L0.01 further increased. The inhibition of Erk activation suppressed fibroblast proliferation and the synthesis of collagen I. Conclusions: D1, L0.01, and the combination of D1 and L0.01 induced fibroblast proliferation and increased collagen I synthesis via Erk activation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2006

Background: Painful experiences during procedures such as prolotherapy and intramuscular stimulation are stressful to patients and can affect the treatment outcome. We present a method for relieving pain and increasing the level of patient comfort during the procedure. Methods: Twenty six patients who requested sedation anesthesia during the procedure were examined. All patients were injected with 500 ml of 0.9% normal saline and were monitored by electrocardiography, blood pressure and pulse oximetry. The patients were supplied with oxygen (3 L/min) through a nasal cannula. Midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) and alfentanil ($8{\mu}g/kg$) was injected before the procedure and a bolus injection was administered during the procedure if patients felt any pain. The duration of the procedure, the total amount of drugs, the changes in the systolic blood pressure, heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation, sedation and pain level during procedure, satisfaction scale after the procedure, complications and the incidence of amnesia were evaluated. Results: Twenty one patients had a moderate level of sedation, 15 patients did not feel any pain during the procedure, 17 patients had high level of satisfaction (8-10). No patient experienced complications after the procedure, or unstable vital signs, and 6 patients could not remember the procedure. Conclusions: Sedation anesthesia is a safe method for relieving pain during the procedure, and most patients had a high level of satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guided injection of prolotherapy and steroid mixture injection in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Materials and Methods: 53 patients with adhesive capsulitis were included in the study and in all the patients a mixture of steroid and prolotherapy agent was injected into the coracohumeral ligament under the sonographic guidance. The patients were evaluated using the VAS and ROM of the shoulder before the injection and at 8 weeks and at 1 year after the injection. Results: Forward flexion was 93.4 degrees before the injection and was 142, 153 degrees at 8weeks and 1 year after injection. Abduction was 79.2 degrees before the injection and was 125.4, 152.6 degrees at 8 weeks and 1 year after the injection. The VAS score was 6.7 before the injection and was 3.5, 3.7 at 8 weeks and 1 year after the injection. Conclusion: The ultrasound guided injection of prolotherapy and steroid mixture into the coracohumeral ligament in patients with adhesive capsulitis is allowing both tissue distension and inflammatory process controlling procedure. It is effective in improving the range of shoulder motion significantly and is also effective in decreasing the pain.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

This is a case report about left leg radiating pain treated with complex traditional Korean medical intervention, while the case did not responded to prolotherapy and extracorporeal shock wave treatment for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD). The patient was diagnosed with a piriformis problem after a physical examination and was treated with lumbar and piriformis muscle treatment. After 9 sessions of treatment for 33 days, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain has been decreased from 8 to 3. Further studies with more cases and longer observation period should be conducted to provide evidence for optimum acupuncture procedure considering its effectiveness, safety and patients' compliance altogether.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.21-22
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.59-60
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• 2023

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2023

The tendon is a dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and plays an essential role in joint motion. The injured tendon heals slowly owing to its low cellularity and vascularity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of regenerative injection therapy (RIT), 20 % dextrose prolotherapy (DP), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections that can promote tendon healing. Twenty-one New Zealand white rabbits were divided into the control, DP, and PRP treatment groups. The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of the right hindlimb of each rabbit was used. A round defect of 2 mm was induced. Approximately 0.2 mL of 20% dextrose and autologous PRP were injected into the proximal and distal ends of the SDFT mass. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examination and cross-sectional area (CSA) calculations were performed pre-operatively and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The SDFT of both limbs was transected for biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluations. The SDFT of the left limb was transected for intact control. Semi-quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the histomorphometric properties. Additional analysis was performed using H&E, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining. The biomechanical evaluation showed that the treatment groups had higher tensile strength compared to the defect control group, while the PRP group had higher tensile strength than the DP group. On histological examination, the treatment groups appeared to be relatively closer to the remodeling phase of the healing process than the defect control group; the characteristics of the PRP group were closer to the remodeling phase than those of the DP group. The ultrasonographic examination showed different tendencies. Increased values in the CSA were observed during the early period in the treatment groups. This study suggests that PRP and DP can promote the healing of tendon injury, and these effects were superior with PRP than that with DP.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.242-242
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• 2023

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.167-174
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• 2002

Stable compression fractures are most often caused by trauma as traffic accidents. Stable compression fractures can refer pain to the mid-back, which is characterized by the pain in the thoracolumbar spinous prosess. recently we experienced a 19 years old man who had lumbago originating from Stable compression fractures and condition was improved through burning acupunture.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2013

In General, popliteal cyst found in children does not present a symptom and also it rarely causes a complication. The researcher observed an entrapment of tibial nerve and popliteal artery in a child with popliteal cyst without intra-articular lesion, and treated it by using early decompression and prolotherapy, which is presented in this study with literature review.