• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.227-238
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• 2019

GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) are sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. GRF proteins interact with a transcription cofactor, GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), to form a functional transcriptional complex. For its activities, the GRF-GIF duo requires the SWITCH2/SUCROSE NONFERMENTING2 chromatin remodeling complex. One of the most conspicuous roles of the duo is conferring the meristematic potential on the proliferative and formative cells during organogenesis. GRF expression is post-transcriptionally down-regulated by microRNA396 (miR396), thus constructing the GRF-GIF-miR396 module and fine-tuning the duo's action. Since the last comprehensive review articles were published over three years ago, many studies have added further insight into its action and elucidated new biological roles. The current review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how the GRF-GIF-miR396 module regulates plant growth and development. In addition, I revise the previous view on the evolutionary origin of the GRF gene family.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.187.2-187.2
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• 2003

The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), a group of serine/threonine kinases that form active heterodimeric complexes binding to cyclins, are key regulators of the cell cycle. The role of cyclin dependent kinases(CDKs) in cell cycle regulation has stimulated an interest in them as potential targets for proliferative diseases such as cancer, psoriasis, and chemotherapeutic agent-induced alopecia. Indirubin, an active ingredient of a traditional Chinese recipe Danggui Longhui Wan, are potent CDK inhibitors competing with ATP for binding to the catalytic site of the CDKs. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.379-385
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• 1988

For the comparison of surface fine structures in the proliferative forms of two major protoroan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis species in mammalian hosts, isolated from the artificially infected mice and from the naturally infected cattle, respectively, an SEM(Hitachi S-570) was applied to the fixed, dried and coated with gold ion on the microslide glasses. The tachyzoites of T gondii from the peritoneal cavity of the mouse showed the crescent-like feature and measured as $5.57{\mu}m$ in length and $2.33{\mu}m$ in width, while the bradyzoites of Sarcocystis species from the heart muscle of slaughtered cattle was banana-shaped and measured as $14.18{\mu}m$ in length and $2.85{\mu}m$ in width. On the surface of Sarcocystis species bradyzoite, a distinct elliptical micropore was identified in the high magnification observation of 60,000X, and it measured as $0.35{\mu}m$ in length and $0.18{\mu}m$ in width.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.705-712
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• 2014

The early steps of neural development in the vertebrate embryo are regulated by sets of transcription factors that control the induction of proliferative, pluripotent neural precursors, the expansion of neural plate stem cells, and their transition to differentiating neural progenitors. These early events are critical for producing a pool of multipotent cells capable of giving rise to the multitude of neurons and glia that form the central nervous system. In this review we summarize findings from gain- and loss-of-function studies in embryos that detail the gene regulatory network responsible for these early events. We discuss whether this information is likely to be similar in mammalian embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells that are cultured according to protocols designed to produce neurons. The similarities and differences between the embryo and stem cells may provide important guidance to stem cell protocols designed to create immature neural cells for therapeutic uses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1997

We investigated metabolism and carcinogenesis in livers of Sprague-Dawley rats fed juices and pelleted diets containing Korean native plants petasites japonicus Maxim by evaluating cell localization and expression of cytochrome P450s and GST-P. Anti-cytochrome P450s application in liver sections revealed three to four times increased expression of cytochrome P450E1 immunoreactivity in degenerative hepatocytes when compared to histologically normal hepatocytes. Anti-GST-P in showed positive pren plastic foci as well as in individual hepatocytes randomly scattered throughout all liver sections examined. Additionally GST-P was evident in proliferative endothelial cells and biliary epithelial cells in exposed rat livers. These results suggested that the increased level of cytochrome P4502E1 in affected hepatocytes was a direct consequence of Petasites japonicus toxicity. Further immunoreactivity to anti-GST-P in hepatocytes endothelial cells and biliary epithelial cells indicated a possible preneoplastic effects of Petasites japonicus in Sprague-Dawley rat.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.706-714
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• 2017

Background Synocial chondromatosis(SC), a proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane. The etiology or cause of SC remains unclear. SC usually occurs in large articular joints such as knee, hip, elbow, and ankle. SC of the TMJ is very rare. It is a benign disease that mainly affects unilateral side. It can form cartilagenous and calcified loose bodies of various sizes and cause abnormal function of TMJ. Case Report In this paper, we report two cases of SC in the upper joint space of the left TMJ. One complained that "Sometimes the left jaw joint feels disoriented" and the other had no symptoms. CT scan and MRI showed left TMJ space widening, multiple tiny calcified mass. After clinical and radiographic analysis, we performed surgical removal of the lesion under genereal anesthesia. In the histologic examination, synovial chondromatosis was diagnosed in both patients. Conclusions We report two cases of synovial chondromatosis in the upper joint space of the left TMJ. We performed surgical removal of the lesion. The two patients showed good prognosis without recurrence or pain up to date.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1987

An epizootic of calf diarrhea occurred in an extensive dairy farm located in Gangwondo province in December of 1985. The patients showing fever, chills, complete anorexia and watery diarrhea sometimes dysentery were concentrated among the calves ranged from 8 days to 3 months old and many of them died in acute course. The five carcases were examined by pathological and bacteriological means. The predominant gross lesions were edematous swelling of the mesenteric lymph nodes, profuse catarrhal or diphtheritic enteritis and extensive purulent bronchopnenomonia or lobar fibrinous pneumonia. Microscopically the lesions of the liver and spleen were characterized by coagulative necrotic foci and granulomatous nodules. The spleen and lymph node showed also proliferative changes of reticular cells and involution of intestinal lymphatic nodules were noticed. The strains of Salmonella(S) species isolated from the liver, spleen, bile juice, peritoneal fluid and thoracic fluid were identified serologically as S. dublin. These clinical and pathological findings of the disease were those of acute enteritis form of salmonellosis and characterized by high morbidity and mortality among the calf herd. The report also signifies the first description of an epizootic of bovine salmonellosis caused by S. dublin in Korea.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.641-645
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• 2007

Delphinidin, an aglycone form of anthocyanins, was demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic potential. The compound at $50\;{\mu}g/mL$ caused a significant increase of quinone reductase activity, an anti-carcinogenic marker enzyme, in mouse hepatoma cell lines (Hepa1c1c7 and BPRc1). Delphinidin enhanced the expression of other detoxifying or antioxidant enzymes including glutathione s-transferase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, heme oxygenase 1, and glutathione reductase. It suppressed the proliferation of murine hepatoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, with approximately $IC_{50}$ of $70\;{\mu}g/mL$. These results suggest that delphinidin might be useful for cancer prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.353-357
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• 2002

Pigmented villonodular synovitis(PVNS) usually presents as a benign proliferative monoarticular arthritis that affects the knee in 80% of cases, followed in frequency by the hip, ankle, and calcaneocuboid joint. PVNS rarely affects temporomandibular joint area. Patients typically complain of pain, locking, and recurrent swelling. Tumor progression limits the range of movement of the joint and causes it to become stiff and firm. Sometimes a palpable mass can be appreciated. Aggressive form of PVNS invades into adjacent bones and soft tissues, is confused with other types of neoplasia. Here we report 2 cases of the PVNS on a temporomadibular

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.173-176
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• 2018

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a proliferative disease that affects the synovial joint, tendon and bursa. PVNS can form a nodular structure in any joint, but it most commonly affects the knee joint and is rare in the foot and ankle joint. PVNS is divided into two types. Localized-type PVNS exhibits focal involvement with a nodular mass, while diffuse-type PVNS involves the entire synovium. Synovitis of the affected joint can also destroy cartilage and bone. Diffuse type accounts for 75% of PVNS and has a reported recurrence rate of 12.2% to 46%; aggressive synovectomy is recommended as the most effective treatment. In localized-type PVNS, only arthroscopic partial synovectomy is effective with a lower recurrence rate. We report a patient with severe ankle joint arthritis induced by diffusetype PVNS. The patient was treated by lateral malleolar ostectomy and ankle arthrodesis with a plate and screws via a lateral approach.