• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.2717-2724
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• 2020

Silicon, especially silicon in the form of SiO₂, is a major component of rocks. Final spent fuel storages, which are being designed, are located in suitable rock formations in the Earth's crust. Reduction of the uncertainty of silicon neutron scattering and capture is needed; improved silicon evaluations have been recently produced by the ORNL/IAEA collaboration within the INDEN project. This paper deals with the nuclear data validation of that evaluation performed at the LR-0 reactor by means of critical experiments and measurement of reaction rates. Large amounts of silicon were used both as pure crystalline silicon and SiO₂ sand. The critical moderator level was measured for various core configurations. Reaction rates were determined in the largest core configuration. Simulations of the experimental setup were performed using the MCNP6.2 code. The obtained results show the improvement in silicon cross-sections in the INDEN evaluations compared to existing evaluations in major libraries. The new Thermal Scattering Law for SiO₂ published in ENDF/B-VIII.0 additionally reduces the discrepancy between calculation and experiments. However, an unphysical peak is visible in the neutron spectrum in SiO₂ obtained by calculation with the new Thermal Scattering Law.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.959-966
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• 2013

In this study, based on P-3CK project using aging aircraft without any design information, the structural assessments of fastener holes to repair the short edge distance defects are investigated. For this purpose, the nacelle longeron which has many defects is selected and then conservative stress is calculated by performing the static analysis of 1.5ED, 1.8ED, 2.0ED defects of longeron fastener holes. This result applies to TWIST standard load spectrum to generate flight load spectrum. Then the crack growth analysis is performed by using flight load spectrum. Through this, the validity of a repaired fastener hole is evaluated. Finally, the standard of repair and the period of maintenance for a defected fastener hole are established.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.25-46
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• 2000

These purposes are to have a necessity to be educated for the linguistic gifted among many gifted in speedy changeable age, and to find out what differences are of properties between the linguistic gifted children and nongifted children through comparing/analysing to gifted children any nongifted children using performance evaluation on writer's ability. Therefore, it intends to use as a assisting material in order to develop ability and properties of the linguistic gifted children and nongifted children as well. The studying details are 1) to compare/analyze thinking ability between the linguistic gifted children and nongifted children 2) to find out differences of thinking ability for unrealistic reasoning between the linguistic gifted children and nongifted children. The studying subjects had been chosen 3 children as a first grade in 'C' Gifted Academy and 3 children as a first grade in an elementary school from June 3, 1999 to June 12, 1999. The studying instrument was an evaluation of linguistic properties certification(Project Spectrum : Krechevsky,'1994). It had got a frequency calculation, average and standard deviation through the material anylzing with the program SPSSWIN. The conclusions are as belows, First, as a result of performance evaluation on writer's ability to gifted children and nongifted children, the gifted children were outstandingly shown the linguistic ability getting much higher score than nongifted children in respect of vocabulary level, structure of writing, and consistency/logicality of theme. Second, it was shown the gifted children had diffusing thought than nongifted children through the esthetic question and impformation memories with listening to the realistic juvenil story and the unrealistic juvenile story.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2010

Tyrosine kinases are one of the most important regulators for intracellular signal transduction related to inflammatory responses. However, there are no reports describing the effects of tyrosine kinases on neutrophil apoptosis induced by Entamoeba histolytica, In this study, isolated human neutrophils from peripheral blood were incubated with live trophozoites in the presence or absence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Entamoeba-induced receptor shedding of CD16 and PS externalization in neutrophils were inhibited by pre-incubation of neutrophils with the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein or the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. Entamoeba-induced ROS production was also inhibited by genistein or PP2, Moreover, genistein and PP2 blocked the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK in neutrophils induced by E. histolytica. These results suggest that Src tyrosine kinases may participate in the signaling event for ROS-dependent activation of MAPKs during neutrophil apoptosis induced by E. histolytica.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.184-188
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• 2013

In the continued search for inhibitors of enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, we found that four acylbenzenediol sulfate metabolites from Streptomyces sp. AN1761 potently inhibited bacterial enoyl-ACP reductases of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Their structures were identified as panosialins A, B, wA, and wB by MS and NMR data. They showed stronger inhibition against S. aureus FabI and S. pneumoniae FabK with $IC_{50}$ of 3-5 ${\mu}M$ than M. tuberculosis InhA with $IC_{50}$ of 9-12 ${\mu}M$. They also exhibited a stronger antibacterial spectrum on S. aureus and S. pneumoniae than M. tuberculosis. In addition, the higher inhibitory activity of panosialin wB than panosialin B on fatty acid biosynthesis was consistent with that on bacterial growth, suggesting that they could exert their antibacterial activity by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 1999

There are numerous possible approaches to an investigation of the evolution of modern design. the intent of this study is to inquire into the history of 20th-century design as modern project. The French Revolution and the Industrial revolution at the end of 18th century brought about a wide spectrum of social and economic changes in Europe. The bourgeoisie took the leading part in these reforms and they attempted to establish the new aesthetic value of items of everyday use. The turning point in history led to the advent of modern design. This study attempts to provide a conceptual overview of significant stags in modern design's development this paper, it is hoped, will provide an opportunity to place modern design in a social and aesthetic context.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.765-774
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• 2009

For over 30 years, investigations of the thermohydraulic behavior of pressurized-water reactors under accident conditions have been carried out in the PKL test facility at AREVA NP in Erlangen, Germany. The PKL facility models the entire primary side and significant parts of the secondary side of a of pressurized water reactor at a height scale of 1:1. Volumes, power ratings and mass flows are scaled with a ratio of 1:145. The experimental facility consists of four primary loops with circulation pumps and steam generators (SGs) arranged symmetrically around the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The investigations carried out encompass a very broad spectrum from accident scenario simulations with large, medium, and small breaks, over the investigation of shutdown procedures after a wide variety of accidents, to the systematic investigation of complex thermohydraulic phenomena. The PKL tests began in the mid 1970s with the support of the German Research Ministry. Since the mid 1980s, the project has also been significantly supported by the German PWR operators. Since 2001, 25 partner organizations from 15 countries have taken part in the PKL investigations with the support and mediation of the OECD/ NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency). After an overview of PKL history and a short description of the facility, this paper focuses on the investigations carried out since the beginning of the international cooperation, and shows, by means of some examples, what insights can be derived from the tests.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2004

This study presents the evaluation of CSM(Capacity Spectrum Method, ATC-40) in developing fragility curves for a sample concrete bridge. The CSM is originally developed as one of the simplified procedures for building structures, while this study adopts the CSM to develop fragility curves of bridge structures. Four(4) different approaches are demonstrated and the fragility curves developed are compared those by the nonlinear time history analysis. Fragility curves in this study are represented by lognormal distribution functions with two parameters and developed as a function of PGA. The sixty(60) ground acceleration time histories for the Los Angeles area developed for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) SAC(SEAOC-ATC-CUREe) steel project are used for the bridge analysis. The comparison of fragility curves by the CSM with those by the time history analysis indicates that the agreement is excellent for one of the methods investigated in this study. In this respect. it is recommended that the demand spectrum might be improved according to the guidelines suggested in this study. However, this observation might not always apply, depending on the details of specific bridge characteristic

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.669-685
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• 2020

5G AgiLe and fLexible integration of SaTellite And cellulaR (5G-ALLSTAR) is a Korea-Europe (KR-EU) collaborative project for developing multi-connectivity (MC) technologies that integrate cellular and satellite networks to provide seamless, reliable, and ubiquitous broadband communication services and improve service continuity for 5G and beyond. The main scope of this project entails the prototype development of a millimeter-wave 5G New Radio (NR)-based cellular system, an investigation of the feasibility of an NR-based satellite system and its integration with cellular systems, and a study of spectrum sharing and interference management techniques for MC. This article reviews recent research activities and presents preliminary results and a plan for the proof of concept (PoC) of three representative use cases (UCs) and one joint KR-EU UC. The feasibility of each UC and superiority of the developed technologies will be validated with key performance indicators using corresponding PoC platforms. The final achievements of the project are expected to eventually contribute to the technical evolution of 5G, which will pave the road for next-generation communications.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2017

Proper synaptic function in neural circuits requires precise pairings between correct pre- and post-synaptic partners. Errors in this process may underlie development of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Development of ASD can be influenced by genetic factors, including copy number variations (CNVs). In this study, we focused on a CNV occurring at the 16p11.2 locus in the human genome and investigated potential defects in synaptic connectivity caused by reduced activities of genes located in this region at Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions, a well-established model synapse with stereotypic synaptic structures. A mutation of rolled, a Drosophila homolog of human mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) at the 16p11.2 locus, caused ectopic innervation of axonal branches and their abnormal defasciculation. The specificity of these phenotypes was confirmed by expression of wild-type rolled in the mutant background. Albeit to a lesser extent, we also observed ectopic innervation patterns in mutants defective in Cdk2, Gq, and Gp93, all of which were expected to interact with Rolled MAPK3. A further genetic analysis in double heterozygous combinations revealed a synergistic interaction between rolled and Gp93. In addition, results from RT-qPCR analyses indicated consistently reduced rolled mRNA levels in Cdk2, Gq, and Gp93 mutants. Taken together, these data suggest a central role of MAPK3 in regulating the precise targeting of presynaptic axons to proper postsynaptic targets, a critical step that may be altered significantly in ASD.