• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.52
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• pp.39-73
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the issues and alternatives in the promotion of space and exhibition support projects in visual arts, and to suggest an applicable direction of the government grant program. For this study, FGI and in-depth interviews were conducted in the direct beneficiaries of the grant program, the staff of the grant program, and the group of visual arts expert. As a result, the deliberation and selection of the support project should be carried out with sufficient time in consideration of the specificity of the support project. And the project requires to divide into two kinds of the projects based on the understanding of the social role and differentiation of non-profit exhibition spaces and private art museums. For the grant application and assessments, a long-term support is necessary to bring the capability and issues in efficient allocation of the budget, flexibility of budget item, and the budget shortfalls. Furthermore, the reliability between the grant program and beneficiaries needs to form a healthy partnership, and the evaluation criteria and eNARADOEUM system should be more practical and rationally established. Through this analysis, the implications of understanding the specificity of visual arts support projects, establishment of sustainable visual arts creation policies, and budget utilization were derived. Consequently, cultural and artistic support projects were directed to place more emphasis on efficiency than control, direction considering the position of consumers than suppliers, and long-term business planning rather than short-term perspective.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.630-638
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• 2011

This study aims to verify the economic validity of the REDD project in North Korea by estimating the potential carbon credits and the cost of REDD project. The REDD potential credits of North Korea are estimated based on the international statistics of forest area and population from 1990 to 2010, and the cost of REDD project is estimated indirectly by annual land opportunity cost of agriculture assuming that South Korea will aid the food production per area in North Korea. When the 25% reduction scenario was applied to the annual deforestation rate in North Korea, the potential REDD credits were estimated to be $4,232million{\sim}5,290milliontCO_2eq.$ for 20 years. It would account for 28~35% of South Korea's national medium-term greenhouse gas reduction target. On the other hand, the break-even price of REDD project was calculated as the profit of agriculture in the land available by forest conversion in North Korea. It was estimated to be 19.19$/$tCO_2eq.$ when the non-permanence risk of forest conserved through a REDD contract is assumed to be 20%. This price is higher than the price of REDD carbon credit 5$/$tCO_2eq.$ dealt in the 2010 voluntary carbon market, leading to no economic feasibility. However, REDD project provides co-benefits besides climate mitigation. As previous studies indicate, the break-even price is lower than 20$/$tCO_2eq.$, which is the social marginal cost of greenhouse gas emissions by loss of forest. Therefore REDD in North Korea can be justified against the social benefits. The economic feasibility of REDD project in North Korea can be largely influenced by the risk percentage. Thus, North Korean REDD project needs a strong guarantee and involvement by the government and people of North Korea to assure the project's economic feasibility.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.3-12
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• 2011

Industrialization and development of technology satisfied various humanly needs and lay the basis of numerous benefit and profit. New technologies like these mostly required large amounts of fossil Fuel, Fossil energy depletion rate was increasing rapidly. However, technical development for Human race required absolute sacrifice of the environment. Especially, 'City' which had been focused as stage of human activities, allowed to continue to have fossil energy dependent activities, and it shows in many data that the city is responsible for the 75-80% of the green house gas by human. In order to solve the problem relating climate changes and energy, European countries already made progress studies on many of the low carbon green city and pilot case construction. Especially, Germany, Austria, Holland, Sweden who had been playing leader role on environmental awareness and ecological concept, are actively constructing low carbon green city project based on Ecological city planning scheme. These projects positively utilize planning scheme that limits carbon emission using Urban Metabolism concept. Therefore, throughout this study, I would like to present planning and direction of future domestic low carbon green city by analyzing theories relative theories and best practices in Europe.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.186-194
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• 2012

One hand shopping center provides a public space for people, the other hand it is a place for commercial purpose. Although it gives an entertainment, eating and shopping places to people nowaday, owners and tenants aim to make profit from it. According to this demand designers should plan a shopping center for a comfortable place for eating, shopping and playing and they make shops and retails to increase sales by exposing those to more people at the same time. For successful shopping center architects are requested an approach with commercial strategy that shopping center raises exposure of retails and makes stay costumers longer and visit more frequently. Recently space is regarded as a mean of marketing, so-called "place marketing", because it can influence on brand image and improves the image of product. Therefore, it need to be approached with commercial consideration. Analyzing the armature this study will take a look at spatial strategies in shopping centers which especially the Jerde Partnership, one of influential firms on commercial space, designed. And it will examine how spatial strategies can be applied to commercial strategies in relation to customer information process(exposure-attention-interest-comprehension-memory) which marketers are using in advertisement for marketing and what kind of role spatial strategies can be. This study is to be basic considerations when a shopping center project will be planned.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.82-87
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• 2003

Domestic remodeling market is now growing centering around non housing building. Unlike non housing building remodeling business, understanding of remodeling demanders accustomed to profit of reconstruction, deficiency of experience performing remodeling project and construction, shortage of will performing remodeling policy and detailed action method are difficulties in performing apartment building remodeling business. Understanding change of remodeling demanders. strong economic incentive by government, construction management paradigm shift from new construction into building life cycle, application of construction method using existing building condition before remodeling and remodeling related industry infrastructure are required to improve this remodeling business circumstances.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-94
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• 2005

This study is focused on evaluating the computer-integrated just-in-time (CI-JIT) production system of a semi-conductor manufacturing firm in Korea. Approaching the mid-1980s, the emphasis was on low price, low-cost operations, and quality, especially in USA. American companies have shifted output to low-wage countries like the Philippines, Korea, Japan, Malaysia and allied countries that can make quality products at low prices. Korea and other Asian countries forego short-term profits to gain a solid foothold in a product market, recognizing that larger market share leads to lower cost and higher profit in the long run. They bring manufacturers and suppliers together to improve material management and operation management, using project teams that investigate topics, such as Just-In-Time(JIT)manufacturing, among others. The "Kanban" word means "card" in Japanese, and is used to indicate the desired final delivery schedule. The operation for a particular item produced is scheduled for a specific time. The same process is extended to the external suppliers. More recently, the cards are gradually being replaced by electronic procedures that follow the same concept. Its capacity must be capable of handling the various transactions required by the JIT coverage as well as some allowances for expanded applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to consider activation methods of traditional markets in Jinju city through questionnaire and field survey. Research framework is summarized into two categories: physical environment and operation program. The results are as follows: 1) the gross profit on sales has been decreased continuously and the main causes of that have been recognized as insufficiency of parking lots and convenient facilities and deterioration of environment in spite of facilities modernization project; 2) consumers visited a traditional market because of proper price and reliance on goods, etc. However, they were not satisfied with the physical environment such as parking lots and resting spaces and the operation program such as cultural event and performance. In conclusion it was thought that activation methods of traditional market would be related to the improvement plan in the physical aspect such as parking lots, walkway, convenient and crime prevention facilities and in the operation program aspect such as cultural event, marketing, management consulting, information infrastructure, and delivery system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.63-69
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• 1981

As enterprises are getting bigger and bigger and more competecious, an engineering economy for the maximization of profit based on basic theory must be considered. This thesis present dynamic computer model for the decision which controls complicated and various man- machine system optimally. This model occur in general stage can be adaptable to every kind of enterprises. So, any one who has no expert knowledge is able to get the optimal solution. And decision tree used in this paper can be applied in every kinds of academic circles as well as whole the industrial world. This paper studied optimal management of engineering project based upon basic theory of engineering economy. It introduces and functionizes the variables which generalize every possible elements, set up a model in order to find out the variable which maximize the calculated value among many other variables. And the selected values ate used as decision- marking variables for the optimal management of engineering projects. It found out some problem of this model. They are : 1. In some kinds of man-machine system it refers to Probability, but other case, it depends on only experimental probability. 2. Unless decision making process (decision tree) goes on, this model can not be applied. So these cases, this paper says, can be solved by adapting finite decision tree which is analyzed by using the same technic as those in product introduction problem. And this paper set up the computer model in order to control every procedure quickly and optimally, using Fortran IV.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.2 s.34
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• pp.211-220
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• 1991

Finances of health insurance can be explained by factors determining benefit expense and premium collection. This study was conducted to analyze factors contributing to the financial status of rural health Insurance. Nationwide 134 health insurance associations except the six pilot project counties were analyzed and obtained the followings. 1. In univariate analysis, statistically significant variables that explain 1) outpatient benefit expenditures include public health center utilization, proportion of pregnant women. premium and collection rate of premium 2) inpatient benefit expenditures include public health center utilization, Proportion of old age, proportion of pregnant women, premium and collection rate of premium 3) profits include public health center utilization, proportion of old age, proportion of pregnant women and collection rate of premium. 2. In multiple regression analysis, statistically significant determinants in 1) outpatient benefit include premium and public health utilization 2) inpatient benefit include premium 3) profit include public health center utilization, premium and collection rate of premium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.51-62
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the profitability by selecting Pinus densiflora S. et Z. worthy of ornamental tree from among the cutting timber in the urban development project, and then presents the improvements. The study site is the whole area of Oedong-eup Gyeongju city Gyeongsangbuk-do and subject trees numbers are 2,180 trees. Analysis method is cost analysis because it is used generously pubic land development. In results, at first, in case of forest development currently cutting tree costs 7.3 million Won/ha. and no profit is occurred at all. Secondly, the forward direction order of tree treatments expenses are in sawdust production, selling lumber, selling ornamental tree, and selling ornamental tree, sawdust production, selling lumbered on the aspect of profits by the selling stumpage. Especially, selling trees as ornamental tree costs 127 million Won/ha. which shows the highest profits. Third, the management of ornamental tree pine tree after transplantation from development site costs 5 times less than purchasing the same quality trees. Hence, it is recommended to re-utilize the trees from the development sites to produce a high standard gardens and it also provides the basis for the low carbon green growth society.