• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

This paper aims to investigate key factors affecting customer adoption of the online review from the three perspectives such as customer review characteristics, reviewer characteristics, and customer characteristics. We collected data on customers who have experience in purchasing products in Taobao. The major findings are as follows. First, the customer review amount and vividness are not directly related to customer adoption of the online review. Second, the trust of reviewer and perceived similarity have positive effects on customer adoption of the online review. Third, the prior knowledge and product involvement increase customer adoption of the online review. Finally, customers' purchase intention is greatly determined by customer adoption of the online review. This paper presents the importance of the management of customer reviews and management method for the stakeholders of shopping mall to advancing Chinese market.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2013

Totally sixty three bacteria were isolated from lower stems showing symptoms of bacterial wilt on pepper plants in 14 counties of 7 provinces, Korea. The isolates showed strong pathogenicity on red pepper (cv. Daewang) and tomato (cv. Seogwang) seedlings. All virulent bacteria were identified as Ralstonia solanacearum based on colony types, physiological and biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All R. solanacearum isolates from peppers were race 1. The bacterial isolates consisted of biovar 3 (27%) and biovar 4 (73%). Based on polymorphic PCR bands generated by repetitive sequence (rep-PCR), the 63 R. solanacearum isolates were divided into 12 groups at 70% similarity level. These results will be used as basic materials for resistant breeding program and efficient control against bacterial wilt disease of pepper.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1650-1655
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• 2009

The $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) gene from Lactobacillus brevis RO1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli GMS407. The GUS gene was composed of 1,812 bp, encoding a 603-amino-acid protein belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 2 with three conserved domains. The amino acid similarity was higher than 70% with the $\beta$-glucuronidases of various microorganisms, yet less than 58% with the $\beta$-glucuronidase of L. gasseri ADH. Overexpression and purification of the GUS was performed in $\beta$-glucuronidase-deficient E. coli GMS407. The purified GUS protein was 71 kDa and showed 1,284 U/mg of specific activity at optimum conditions of pH 5.0 and $37^{\circ}C$. At $37^{\circ}C$, the GUS remained stable for 80 min at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 8.0. The purified enzyme exhibited a half-life of 1 h at $60^{\circ}C$ and more than 2 h at $50^{\circ}C$. When the purified GUS was applied to transform baicalin and wogonoside into their corresponding aglycones, $150\;{\mu}M$ of baicalin and $125\;{\mu}M$ of wogonoside were completely transformed into baicalein and wogonin, respectively, within 3 h.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1107-1115
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• 2013

The Cyt1Aa protein of Bacillus thuringiensis susbp. israelensis elaborates demonstrable toxicity to mosquito larvae, but more importantly, it enhances the larvicidal activity of this species Cry proteins (Cry11Aa, Cry4Aa, and Cry4Ba) and delays the phenotypic expression of resistance to these that has evolved in Culex quinquefasciatus. It is also known that Cyt1Aa, which is highly lipophilic, synergizes Cry11Aa by functioning as a surrogate membrane-bound receptor for the latter protein. Little is known, however, about whether Cyt1Aa can interact similarly with other Cry proteins not primarily mosquitocidal; for example, Cry2Aa, which is active against lepidopteran larvae, but essentially inactive or has very low toxicity to mosquito larvae. Here we demonstrate by ligand binding and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that Cyt1Aa and Cry2Aa form intermolecular complexes in vitro, and in addition show that Cyt1Aa facilitates binding of Cry2Aa throughout the midgut of C. quinquefasciatus larvae. As Cry2Aa and Cry11Aa share structural similarity in domain II, the interaction between Cyt1Aa and Cry2Aa could be a result of a similar mechanism previously proposed for Cry11Aa and Cyt1Aa. Finally, despite the observed interaction between Cry2Aa and Cyt1Aa, only a 2-fold enhancement in toxicity resulted against C. quinquefasciatus. Regardless, our results suggest that Cry2Aa could be a useful component of mosquitocidal endotoxin complements being developed for recombinant strains of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and B. sphaericus aimed at improving the efficacy of commercial products and avoiding resistance.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-49
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• 2014

Advertisement for one type of product competes against another type using different advertising strategies. It is important to know which factors influence people's perception of the message within the advertisement and their formation of attitudes towards the advertisement. Using multidimensional scaling, this study investigated what main factors were important when people perceive beverage advertisements on TV. A positioning map was constructed based on similarity ratings of 14 drink advertisements. We examined the meaning of the three dimensions of the positioning map by asking a different group of participants to rate on components of attention, attitudes toward advertisements and products, and intention to purchase the product in each advertisement. It was found that three dimensions in the map was attention to content, color, and motion respectively. More importantly, the attentional component to content was related to the attitude of affection and action toward a beverage introduced in advertisement. These results suggest that content-based attention in advertisements induces a positive attitude toward the advertisements.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 1998

The class hierarchy structure in an object-oriented design model is effective to the software reusabilily and lhe design of complex syslem. This paper suggests lhe objecl-orienled class hierarchy structure design melhod using lhe rapid prololyping lechniques. In this method, relationship recognition and similarity are estimated by the new class classification in object modeling level. Then lhe estimation of aUribute and method in class is needed. Each design module such as class hierarchy struclure which is generaled wilh inleractive and repealed work consisls of reference relationship, inheritance relationship and composite relationship. These information are slored in lhe table to maintenance lhe program and implementation, the class relationship is represented with graph and the node class is iconized. This method is effective in reslructuring of class hierarchy are reusing of design information, because of addition of new class and deletion with ease. The efficiency of syslem analysis, design and implementation is enhanced by converting into prololype system and real system.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2006

Degenerate primers corresponding to the sequences of the N-terminal regions of Mn-peroxidase isozymes were used to isolate the genomic fragments encoding the isozymes of Mn-peroxidase, CVMP1, CVMP2, CVMP3 and CVMP5 from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor KN9522. Three isozymes except one gave the expected PCR products (cmp1, cmp2 and cmp5) of about 900 base pairs, respectively. DNA sequence data obtained from each PCR products were used to analyze the BLAST program search on the National Center for Biotechnology Information. cmp1, cmp2 and cmp5 were similar to MPG-I (GenBank accession number Z30668) and PGV-II (GenBank accession number, Z54279) gene T. versicolor PRL572. PCR products of cmp1 and cmp2 showed 77%, 95% base sequence similarities to MPG-I gene and cmp5 showed about 88% similarity to PGV-II gene from T. versicolor PRL572. From this experiment, we could isolate genomic DNA fragments with degenerate primers designed from the N-terminal amino acid sequences of Mn-peroxidase isozyme family.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

Temperature-dependent development model is an essential component for forecasting models of insect pests as well as for insect population models. This study reviewed the nonlinear models which explain the relationship between temperature and development rate of insects. In the present study, the types of models were classified largely into empirical and biophysical model, and the groups were subdivided into subgroups according to the similarity of mathematical equations or the connection with original idea. Empirical models that apply analytical functions describing the suitable shape of development curve were subdivided into multiple subgroups as Stinner-based types, Logan-based types, performance models and Beta distribution types. Biophysical models based on enzyme kinetic reaction were grouped as monophyletic group leading to Eyring-model, SM-model, SS-mode, and SSI-model. Finally, we described the historical development and characteristics of non-linear development models and discussed the availability of models.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2005

Korea has experienced serious changes during the last several decades of industrialization. Limited land resources and excessive rural-to-urban migration inevitably resulted high-rise apartment housing development. However, apartment housing couldn't follow up social change and residents' needs. Turning into the 21st century, there are great demands for the diversification of housing style and amenity of housing, which include enhancing community lift through proper collective environment. To solve these problems, cohousing has been introduced in Scandinavian countries. A primary goal of cohousing is the desire of residents to live in a socially supportive setting. People can do housework together and also can promote active mutual relationship among residents in the community. Physical feature of cohousing, in combination with social organization factors, may serve to enhance or support the sense of community sought by residents. In this point of view, the purpose of this study is to find out the physical feature of cohousing in Denmark and Sweden. First, it is to figure out the background and development of cohousing in Denmark and Sweden. Then, by making clear physical features between similarity and difference of two countries of cohousing through case study; such as housing type, the circulation patterns, common facilities and etc. This paper could suggest a possibility of application of cohousing in Korea to present how they encourage emphasize design aspects that increase the possibilities for social contacts and the sense of community. Also, it goes on to suggest that the educational program and the support from the government.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2020

Objective: The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is a national drug subsidy program. Given the similarity and comprehensiveness of the Australian PBS and the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) data, these data are increasingly used for pharmacoepidemiological investigations, as well as international comparative studies. This study aims to introduce the various sources of publicly available PBS data and provide a practical guide to researchers conducting drug utilization studies. Methods: We searched literature and websites to detail and compare the collection, structure, components, and characteristics of each PBS data format. We identified different characteristics of the PBS data from the Korean NHI claims data which are mainly owing to their unique co-payment policies and data collection processes. In addition, the utilization and expenditure of atorvastatin, a widely used treatment for hyperlipidemia, were analyzed using two different sources of PBS data and the different results were interpreted. Results: There exist differences in when data were collected or non-subsidized uses of medicine were included among sources of PBS data. Additionally, two countries have different cost sharing methods inmedicine subsidy scheme; co-payment in Australia and co-insurance in Korea. Therefore, it should be noted that prescriptions under co-payment are not included in some data sources in Australia. Conclusion: Despite several analytical challenges, open access and easy data management are the strengths of the PBS data sources. A detailed knowledge of the PBS data can ensure robust methodology and interpretation of pharmacoepidemiological investigations or international comparative studies.