• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2009

Purpose: To explore the barriers and solutions of immunization programs for children among vulnerable classes in the position of service providers in Community health centers. Method: Data were collected through focus group interviews with 3 groups (17 providers), and were analyzed according to the analytic method of Morgan (1998) and Krueger (1998). Results: The following five categories were identified: difficulties in obtaining a list of children among vulnerable classes, difficulties in first contact with them, difficulties in up-to-date immunization, various difficulties according to the types of vulnerable family and suggestions of solution. These results indicated that there are many difficulties in providing expanded immunization service for children among vulnerable classes in terms of manpower, cooperation of departments in public health centers and linkages between health and welfare. Finally, the characteristics of the types of vulnerable family need to be elucidated. Conclusion: To increase immunization rates among children of vulnerable classes, policies need to be prepared at the public health organization itself and the linkages between health and welfare and need for hiring additional personnel.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.161-165
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• 2015

The delay in construction is the challenge often faced in the course of executing construction projects. To the government projects, the delays become very serious. This problem directly affects the lives, social welfare of the people, and the other negative social impacts. However, the government projects have not been much interest. The questionnaire surveys in Vietnam were conducted to determine the causes of the delay and to find solutions for dealing with the delay. The average index was used to rank the delay factors and the solutions. This study identified the 5 most highly ranked delay factors and the 8 best solutions from a list of 31 delay factors and 19 solutions for the delay. The five most highly ranked delay factors were: information delays and lack of information exchange between the parties; incompetent owner; incompetent supervision consultant; incompetent contractor; and difficulties in financing project by owner. The findings of the study can help the parties involved the government construction projects and practitioners to give appropriate strategies for countering the delay in their projects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2024

Purpose: This study examined the effects of stress vulnerability and parental burnout on the mental health of women with early school-aged children, with a focus on the mediating role of spirituality. Methods: A survey was conducted among 171 women with early schoolaged children in Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province, and Seoul. Data were collected from September to December 2022 using the Korean-Symptom Check List 95, the Parental Burnout Assessment, and the Spirituality Assessment Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS/WIN 22.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results: The study model demonstrated a good fit, explaining 40.5% of the variance in mental health through stress vulnerability, parental burnout, and spirituality. Spirituality had a significant direct impact on mental health. Additionally, participants' spirituality directly influenced their mental health, while stress vulnerability and parental burnout indirectly affected their mental health and were mediated through spirituality. Conclusion: Stress vulnerability and parental burnout are negatively associated with mental health, while spirituality partially mediates these effects. Implementing a program to promote spirituality is suggested to assist mothers in recognizing the value and meaning of parenting activities during nursing interventions for mental health.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze roles and duties of officials in charge of school foodservice in city, province and district 'Offices of Education'. For this purpose, the list of roles/duties of officials was developed through in-depth interviews, content analysis, and delphi technique. The list which includes 56 duty items in 8 dimensions was used for developing a questionnaire. A total of 282 questionnaires from 102 Offices of Education were used for the analysis. The school foodservice officials regarded 'budget management', 'facilities & labor management', 'developing long-term plan', and 'inspection & evaluation' as important. 'Education and research' and ‘management of nutrition, diet, and food materials' showed higher level of importance and need for support compared to its frequencies of work. There was no significant difference among city, provincial, and district Offices of Education on the levels of importance for each area/category. However, 'Officials in the District Offices of Education' needed more support in the area/category of 'facility & labor management'(p < .01). In addition, there was a significant difference between actual and ideal proportion of work in 'education & research'(p < .001), 'management of nutrition, diet and food'(p < .01), 'other supports for school foodservice'(p < .05) amongst the officials in 'City & Province Offices of Education'. For 'officials in the District Offices of Education', actual and ideal proportion of work was different in 'planning & coordination'(p < .01), 'school foodservice program management'(p < .001), 'education & research' (p < .001), 'management of nutrition, diet and food materials'(p < .001), and 'budget management'(p < .001). The results of this study showed that the areas of 'budget management', 'facility & labor management', and 'developing long-term plan', inspection & evaluation' needed more support for 'City & Province Offices of Education'. 'Officials in the District Offices of Education' also needed more support in the areas of 'budget management' and 'facility & labor management'.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.226-238
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• 2010

OpenSSL is an open-source library implementing SSL that is a secure communication protocol. However, the library has a severe vulnerability that its security information can be easily exposed to malicious software when the library is used in a form of shared library on Linux and UNIX operating systems. We propose a scheme to attack the vulnerability of the OpenSSL library. The scheme injects codes into a running client program to execute the following attacks on the vulnerability in a SSL handshake. First, when a client sends a server a list of cryptographic algorithms that the client is willing to support, our scheme replaces all algorithms in the list with a specific algorithm. Such a replacement causes the server to select the specific algorithm. Second, the scheme steals a key for data encryption and decryption when the key is generated. Then the key is sent to an outside attacker. After that, the outside attacker decrypts encrypted data that has been transmitted between the client and the server, using the specified algorithm and the key. To show that our scheme is realizable, we perform an experiment of collecting encrypted login data that an ftp client using the OpenSSL shared library sends its server and then decrypting the login data.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.527-538
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• 2020

This research measures the urgency and importance listening to experts' opinions as a proposal for vitalization of folk modern dance groups. Firstly, the open type FGI(Focus Group Interview) was implemented for five groups of an expert by applying the new industry foster theory, and total 24 types of second questionnaire were developed through importantly referred or repeated contents. They were distributed to 20 people including a dance group representative, a planner, a university professor and etc to measure experts' importance and urgency. In the research result, For big list, Financial aid for both importance and urgency appear first, and for comparative analysis of importance and urgency for small list, differences in infrastructure construction are shown. "expansion of dance program's advertisement channels" and "rank 1" appeared in "Secure space for dancers". Suggestions for analyzing such results are as follows. It is shown that "detailed financial aid for the operation of dance groups" and etc in the aspect of financial aid, "the employment of professional human resources including design and producing etc" in that of performance and education related production development, "training a dancer who can assimilate a complex genre" in that of manpower training, "arrangement of exclusive space for a dance group" in that of infrastructure building, and "the employment of professional human resources including design and producing etc" in that of consulting support are important and urgent matters considered by experts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.610-621
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• 2002

Conserved genes are importantly used to understand the major function in survival and replication of living organism. This study was focused on identification of conserved genes in microbial species and measuring the degree of conservation. For this purpose, in silico analysis was performed to search conserved genes based on the conservation level within microbial species. The ortholog list of COGs (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins) in NCBI was used and whole genomes of 43 microbial species were included in that list. The distance value, derived from CLUSTALW multiple alignment program, was used as a descriptor of the conservation level of orthologs. It was revealed that 43 microbial genomes hold 72 conserved orthologs in common. The majority(72.2%) of the conserved genes was related to "translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis" functional category. A GTPase-translation elogation factor(COG0050) was the best conserved gene from the distance value analysis. The 72 conserved genes, found in this research, would be useful not only to study minimal function genes but also new drug target among pathogens and to make a model of the virtual cell.tual cell.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.449-467
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• 2005

Purpose: This study aims to offer the fundamental data in order to cost the nursing service on the basis of the NIC and a close examination of the interventions that are contained in the health insurance cost list under the system of the current health insurance. Methods: The data is handled with the SPSS 10.0 program. The participants' general peculiarity is calculated in terms of the real number and the percentage, and the performing frequency of the nursing interventions is calculated in terms of the mean and the standard deviation. the correlation between the participants' general peculiarity and the performing frequency of the nursing interventions is analysed with t-test or one way ANOVA of SPSS. Results: In the performing frequency of the nursing interventions, the domain of "the physiological: basic" was the highest as 2.69${\pm}$1.21, the domain of "the behavioral" was the lowest as 2.11${\pm}$1.12. There were 50 core interventions in the medical unit, 48 in the surgical unit, 24 in the MICU and 33 in the SICU. The health insurance cost items contained commonly in the core interventions of each unit were 12, and the health insurance cost items except 12 items contained commonly in the core interventions of each unit were appeared 14 items in the medical unit, 6 in the surgical unit, 7 in the MICU and 2 in the SICU. The core interventions contained commonly in four units of the medical unit, the surgical unit, the MICU & the SICU are 18. And among these, the core interventions contained in the health insurance cost items are 10; pain management, hyperglycemia management, analgegic administration, medication administration: intravenous, oxygen therapy, pressure ulcer prevention, fluid management, fluide monitoring, intravenous(IV) insertion, intravenous(IV) therapy. As the result of the comparison & analysis between the core interventions of the NIC and the health insurance cost items, the core interventions contained in the health insurance cost list are 21(29 as the health insurance cost items). Conclusion: In the performing frequency of the nursing interventions, the domain of "the physiological: basic" is being performed most frequently, and in the performing frequency of the core interventions, the interventions of the domain of "the physiological: complex" is being performed most frequently. On the basis of these results, the writer hopes that the attempts to interlink the nursing interventions into the nursing cost by using of standard terms and the efforts to cost the nursing services would also be made in the future constantly.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2020

Purpose Generative Adversarial Network(GAN) is one of deep learning technologies. This is a way to create a real fake image after learning the real image. In this study, after acquiring artificial intelligence images through GAN, We were compared and evaluated with real scan time images. We want to see if these technologies are potentially useful. Materials and Methods 30 patients who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG Brain PET/CT scanning at Severance Hospital, were acquired in 15-minute List mode and reconstructed into 1,2,3,4,5 and 15minute images, respectively. 25 out of 30 patients were used as learning images for learning of GAN and 5 patients used as verification images for confirming the learning model. The program was implemented using the Python and Tensorflow frameworks. After learning using the Pix2Pix model of GAN technology, this learning model generated artificial intelligence images. The artificial intelligence image generated in this way were evaluated as Mean Square Error(MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index(SSIM) with real scan time image. Results The trained model was evaluated with the verification image. As a result, The 15-minute image created by the 5-minute image rather than 1-minute after the start of the scan showed a smaller MSE, and the PSNR and SSIM increased. Conclusion Through this study, it was confirmed that AI imaging technology is applicable. In the future, if these artificial intelligence imaging technologies are applied to nuclear medicine imaging, it will be possible to acquire images even with a short scan time, which can be expected to reduce artifacts caused by patient movement and increase the efficiency of the scanning room.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.41
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• pp.200-231
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• 2008

This study content-analyzed Korean cable television programs aired from Feb. 6 to Feb. 19, 2007, focusing on the contextual variables linked to violent acts. A total of 657 PAT's (perpetrator-action-target) in the 68 programs sampled were analyzed for characters' age, sex, type, relationship, and motivation, humorization, punishment for their violent acts, and finally reality of violence. According to the results, (1) most violence occurred among male characters, who were at their ages between 20 and 39; (2) more than half of the total violent acts happened among acquaintances including family members; (3) anger, retaliation, personal or group interest, and violence for fun were ranked at the top tiers of the motivation list; (4) most violences were overlooked without punishment; (5) and about 80% of the whole violence were realistic. In terms of program types, (1) female perpetrator and victims appealed more often in drama than the other genres; (2) violence among acquaintances and simple fun as motivation were prevalent most in entertainment programs; (3) every violent act in children's programs was done by unrealistic characters. According to the analysis by program ratings, (1) while least violence appeared in '19 and older', all of the violent acts were portrayed as realistic; (2) humorization were most prevalent in the 'everyone' rating; (3) and female perpetrators and victims appealed most in the programs rated as '15 and older'. Generally, various contextualized violences displayed different distributions according to program types and ratings. The qualitative features of the current findings about cable television violence provide a fundamental data for future studies, which will explore the subsequent effects of violent media contents.