• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.122-136
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• 2022

Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) have distinct clinical features, both diseases may coexist in a patient because they share similar risk factors such as smoking, male sex, and old age. Patients with both emphysema in upper lung fields and diffuse ILD are diagnosed with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), which causes substantial clinical deterioration. Patients with CPFE have higher mortality compared with patients who have COPD alone, but results have been inconclusive compared with patients who have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Poor prognostic factors for CPFE include exacerbation, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. The presence of interstitial lung abnormalities, which may be an early or mild form of ILD, is notable among patients with COPD, and is associated with poor prognosis. Various theories have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of CPFE. Biomarker analyses have implied that this pathophysiology may be more closely associated with IPF development, rather than COPD or emphysema. Patients with CPFE should be advised to quit smoking and undergo routine lung function tests, and pulmonary rehabilitation may be helpful. Various pharmacologic agents and surgical approaches may be beneficial in patients with CPFE, but further studies are needed.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1200-1220
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• 2023

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common types of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. DCM is characterized by left ventricle (LV) dilatation and systolic dysfunction without coronary artery disease or abnormal loading conditions. DCM is not a single disease entity and has a complex historical background of revisions and updates to its definition because of its diverse etiology and clinical manifestations. In cases of LV dilatation and dysfunction, conditions with phenotypic overlap should be excluded before establishing a DCM diagnosis. The differential diagnoses of DCM include ischemic cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, burned-out hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and non-compaction. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is helpful for evaluating DCM because it provides precise measurements of cardiac size, function, mass, and tissue characterization. Comprehensive analyses using various sequences, including cine imaging, late gadolinium enhancement imaging, and T1 and T2 mapping, may help establish differential diagnoses, etiological work-up, disease stratification, prognostic determination, and follow-up procedures in patients with DCM phenotypes. This article aimed to review the utilities and limitations of CMR in the diagnosis and assessment of DCM.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on gait speed in a stroke patient with genu recurvatum. Methods: The subject was a 52-year-old female diagnosed with stroke. Information on health was collected through client Interview based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF was used to identify connections between functional problems, and for diagnosis, and functional problems were described using ICF terms. For prognostic purposes, comprehensive goals for functional activity and participation level are presented as long- and short-term goals. Intervention was performed using an exercise program composed of techniques and principles based on PNF concepts for 50 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Gait speed and lower limb strength before to after intervention differences were used as study outcomes. Results: Clinical advantages were observed in body function (3.6kg increase in knee extension strength, 1.4kg increase in knee flexion strength, 0.9kg increase in hip abduction). Gait speed, which was the patient's primary limitation, was improved by 0.2m/sec. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, application of the PNF concept would appear to improve gait speed and genu recurvatum in stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2000

Objectives: Any uptake of I-131 after total thyroidectomy means the remant thyroid tissue or distant metastasis of the thyroid cancer. However diffuse hepatic uptake of I-131 without abnormal uptake was showen in many cases on I-131 whole body scan. The aim of this study was to classify the liver uptake after I-131 scan and to evaluate the analysis of this finding. Materials and Methods: Between 1982 and 1998, 104 patients(l4 males, 90 females) with normal liver function underwent I-131 scan after total thyroidectomy. Prospectively we reviewed the films of the whole body scan and analysed the correlations between results of radioiodine uptake, pathologic diagnosis, prognostic factors, lymphatic metastasis, and thyroid function test. Result: Diffuse hepatic uptake was found in 44 of 104(42%) patients. 10 of 39(26%) patients on I-131 100mCi, and 34 of 63(54%) on I-131 150mCi showed hepatic uptake. 52 of 104(50%) patients was locally invasive thyroid cancer. The rate of the hepatic uptake was no significant differences with the thyroid hormone levels(T3, Free T4) and thyroglobulin between uptake group and non-uptake group. Conclusion: The rate of I-131 uptake was high in high-dose radioiodine treatment group. However, we can not find any correlation among the thyroid functions, the extent of metastasis or the extent of local invasion. We need further study to find out the causes of the hepatic uptake of I-131 after total thyroidectomy, besides liver metabolism of I-131 attached thyroid hormones.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.613-619
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• 2015

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels reflect hepatic function and are inversely correlated with the severity of background chronic liver disease. Objective: This study evaluated whether basal serum IGF-1 levels can predict prognosis of HCC patients according to different risks of disease progression. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recruited in 3 groups: Group I, 30 HCC patients receiving sorafinib; Group II, 30 HCC patients with best supportive care; and Group III include 29 patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). All patients were investigated for serum levels of AST, ALP, Bb, Cr, BUN, AFP and IGF-I. Results: Patients with disease control had significantly higher baseline IGF-1 levels 210 (185-232.5) ng/mL (p value<0.01) than did patients without disease control. Low basal IGF-1 levels were associated with advanced HCC, such as multiple tumors and advanced stage, and low IGF-1 levels predicted shorter TTP and overall survival in patients treated with TACE. Conclusions: The levels of serum IGF-1, expressed as continuous values, may be helpful for accurately assessing hepatic function and the prognostic stratification of patients with HCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4387-4392
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• 2015

Background: Tight junctions (TJs) organise paracellular permeability and they have an important role in epithelial and endothelial cell polarity and permanence of barrier function. It has been demonstrated that the Claudin family constitutes an important component of them. In this study, we assessed expression patterns of of Claudin1, 4 and 7 and whether they have any relation with prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: Expression patterns of Claudin 1,4 and 7 were examined by immunohistochemistry in 25 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of pancreatic cancer using a semiquantitative scoring of the extent and intensity of staining. After grouping the staining scores as low (final score 0-2) and high (final score 3-9) the relation between expression of Claudin 1,4 and 7 and survival was evaluated. Results: There was no significant relation between expression of Claudin 1,4 and 7 and gender and stage. No statistically significant relation was found between Claudin 1 and 4 expression and survival whereas a statistically significant relation was found between decrease in Claudin 7 expression and decrease in survival. Conclusions: Claudins have important functions other than their popular function known as adhesion. Supporting this hypothesis, we found a statistically significant relationship between increased Claudin 7 expression and increased survival time, and this suggests that Claudin 7 may exert different tumorigenic effects in pancreatic cancer other than its well-known adhesion effect.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.64-71
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to determine correlations between the Berg Balance Test (BBS), Timed -UP & Go Test, Fugl Meyer-L/E, Balance, Sensory (FM-L/E, B, S), Motor Assessment Scale-Gait (MAS-G), Comfortable maximal Gait Speed (C MGS), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). The subjects were 40 stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. Main outcome measures were Balance control (BBS, FM-B), Gait (TUG, C MGS, MAS-G), ADL (MBI) and Motor Function of Lower Extremities (FM-L/E, S). The data were analyzed using Pearson product correlation. FM scales between other clinical and instrumental indexes and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for Balance, Gait and ADL Motor Function of Lower Extremity inclinations. The results of this study were as follows: The BBS, FM-L/E, balance, sensory and MBI showed positive correlation relations, but TUG and C MGS showed negative correlations. The sensory factor of the FM-scale showed the strongest variance in predicting BBS. However the FM-balance showed the strongest variance in predicting TUG, MAS-G and C MGS. The use of both quantitative and qualitative scales was shown to be a good measuring instrument for the classification of the general clinical performance of the patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6447-6453
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• 2012

Background: The mucin components of the gastric gel layer function as a protective and lubricating factor against luminal acid and proteolytic enzymes. Alteration of mucin expression in gastric preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions has suggested potential roles in neoplastic processes. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of MUC-2, MUC-4 and MUC-5AC in Japanese gastric cancer. Methods: Expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC was evaluated on tissue microarrays of gastric carcinomas and adjacent non-cancerous mucosa specimens by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathological parameters and survival time of the patients. Results: The three mucins were found to be expressed to a lesser extent in gastric carcinomas in comparison with non-cancerous mucosa (p<0.05). MUC-2 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, and TNM staging of gastric cancer (p<0.05), while that of MUC-5AC was negatively associated with the depth of invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (p<0.05), but positively with MUC-4 and MUC-2 expression (p<0.05). There was higher MUC-2 expression in intestinal- than diffuse-type carcinomas (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated no relationship between expression of the three mucins and the cumulative survival rate of patients, even stratified according to the depth of invasion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Down-regulated expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC may be involved in pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis or differentiation of gastric carcinoma. Their altered expression might therefore be employed as an indicator of pathobiological behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2003

Purpose : The clinical consequences of arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchor with non-absorbable suture as well as various factors, expected to have an effect on the prognosis of disease, have been evaluated and compared through preoperative and postoperative modified Rowe score. Materials and Methods : Twenty-eight cases were evaluated for the subject of this study, which enabled us to follow up at least for more than 18 months from lune, 1997 to May, 2001. Modified Rowe score was used for the evaluation of preoperative and follow-up shoulder function and stability. After setting up 9 factors expected to affect a prognosis, a statistical verification was conducted. Results : The postoperative Rowe score was 87.3, while preoperative Rowe score was 28.4 and the Rowe score was improved significantly(p=0.000). There were 1 case of redislocation and 2 cases of limitation of motion in the shoulder. In prognostic factor analysis through Rowe scoring system. Rowe score of their age at a trauma under 20 years was greater than that of above 20 years and it was significant(p=0.023). Conclusion : It was thought that arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchor was one or useful treatment method for recurrent shoulder dislocation patients. It was considered that their age at initial trauma was the factor to affect a prognosis.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the prognostic factors related to tooth loss after 5 years of periodontal surgery in periodontal disease patients. Materials and Methods: From January to December 2017, 22 patients and 124 teeth who underwent periodontal treatment through periodontal surgery were targeted. At the time of treatment, the measured values were evaluated after recording the maximum probing depth, average periodontal probing depth, number of root, furcation involvement, pulp vitality, and prosthesis state on the day of periodontal surgery. Based on the initial records at the time of visit, patient-related factors were gender, age, smoking, tooth loss due to periodontal disease at the time of first visit, diabetes, and maintenance period. The influence of each factor on tooth loss was evaluated. Results: As a result of examining the influence of tooth-related factors on tooth loss, the maximum probing depth depth (P: 0.000), bone loss (P: 0.021) was found to have a significant effect on tooth loss. Conclusion: As a result of examining the influence of patient-related factors on tooth loss, any variables had no significant effect. Bone loss, maximum probing depth acted as statistically significant prognostic factors for tooth loss in patients who underwent periodontal surgery.