• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.205-213
• /
• 2005

There are several characteristics of the nose of orientals. The dorsum of nose is flat and low, the skin is thick with severe tension, the nasal tip is bulbous, the nostril is wide, and the projection of the nose is limited due to a poorly developed alar cartilage with a short columella. In order to improve these untoward characteristics of the nose of Orientals aesthetically, plain augmentation of the dorsum and tip-plasty with conventional methods has been performed by many plastic surgeons. However these conventional rhinoplasty is not enough to obtain satisfactory results when transforming into a more beautiful and aesthetically charming appearance. In order to produce the optimal nasal shape and profile, it is extremely important to consider the aesthetic surgical factors, which are; the position of the nasion, the optimal nasolabial angle(95-100 degree in Orientals), the natural exposure of infra-tip lobule with and columella, the position of the tip defining point in harmony with the dorsal profile and the smooth and natural silhouette of the lateral nasal profile as it descends into the inferior portion of the nose. From April, 2003 to August, 2004, a total of 52 patients underwent open rhinoplasty, adhering to the strict aesthetic principles considered and described priorly. Surgical approach was done through a transcolumella incision and an alar rim incision. The nasal dorsum was augmented with a silicone implant and the shape of the columella and the nasolabial angle were finessed with a silicone strut implant which was placed in between the medial crurae in a manner of a non-visible graft. The nasal tip was corrected by alar cartilage suture technique and onlay graft of shield shaped Alloderm and Gore-Tex. Author obtained the optimal nasal shape and profile aesthetically, and the results, considered satisfactory in all patients without any complications, are as follows; 1. the average increase in nasal length was 2.5 mm, 2. the average decrease in nasal width was 2.1 mm, 3. the average increase in nasal tip projection was 3.2 mm, 4. the changes of nasolabial angles were from 85.5 degree to 94.7 degree, 5. the changes of the angle between the long axis of the external naris was from 101.3 degree to 89.5 degree. In conclusion, this surgical procedure is an effective, reliable and a valuable method in improving the nasal shape, tip projection, nasolabial angle and especially, the lateral facial profile of Orientals aesthetically.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.164-169
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we investigate recognition of human faces in a meeting room. The major challenges of identifying human faces in this environment include low quality of input images, poor illumination, unrestricted head poses and continuously changing facial expressions and occlusion. In order to address these problems we propose a novel algorithm, Dynamic Space Warping (DSW). The basic idea of the algorithm is to combine local features under certain spatial constraints. We compare DSW with the eigenface approach on data collected from various meetings. We have tested both front and profile face images and images with two stages of occlusion. As a result from the experiment, we obtained 82.7% for PCA algotithm, and 89.4% for DSW. We get to obtain 6.9% better result from conductive DSW approach rather than PCA. It turned out to be that it shows more original and unique facial image.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2008

Urea-SCR, the selective catalytic reduction using urea as reducing agent, has been investigated for about 10 years in detail and today is a well established technique for deNOx of stationary diesel engines. In the case of the SCR-catalyst a non-uniform velocity and $NH_3$ profile will cause an inhomogeneous conversion of the reducing agent $NH_3$, resulting in a local breakthrough of $NH_3$ or increasing NOx emissions. Therefore, this work investigates the effect of flow and $NH_3$ non-uniformities on the deNOx performance and $NH_3$ slip in a Urea-SCR exhaust system. From the results of this study, it is found that flow and $NH_3$ distribution within SCR monolith is strongly related with deNOx performance of SCR catalyst. It is also found that multi-hole injector shows better $NH_3$ uniformity at the face of SCR monolith face than one hole injector.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.858-870
• /
• 2001

Purpose: This study was to compare changes in health behaviors, motivational factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and functional status (SIP) after implementing the 6-month motivation-enhancing program to institutionalized elderly women. Methods: Sixty-four elderly women participated. Face to face interviews with blood sampling and anthropometric assessment were conducted at the pretest, 10 weeks and 6 months during the program. Results: 1. The program participants showed significantly better health behaviors over 6 months. The mean motivational level was also significantly improved, especially for perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and emotional salience. 2. The mean of cardiovascular risk factors for the participants was 21.8 at the level of low to moderate risk. After completing the program, total risk score was significantly decreased to 18.7 at 10 weeks, and further to 17.7 at 6 months. A significant reduction was also found in HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, and stress. 3. The functional status (SIP) was 11% at the baseline and significantly changed in positive direction at 10 weeks(M=9.3) and at 6 month(M=6.3). The significant improvement was also found in physical and psychosocial dimensions and sleep/rest dimension. Conclusion: The motivation enhancing program was effective to reduce cardiovascular risks and to improve the functional status of institutionalized elderly women by motivating them to perform better health behaviors.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.137-148
• /
• 2002

Objectives: This study was to investigate the needs for developing the health promotion program for elderly and to compare the health promoting lifestyles behaviors and perceived health status of elderly in urban and rural area. Methods: The data was collected from 82 elders in urban(D city) and 77 elders in rural area(C county) by face to face interview. The Health Promoting Lifestyle ProfileII(HPLPII) and Perceived Health Status were used. Results: 1) The total score of HPLP was 2.44. In the subscales, the highest degree of performance was 'nutrition', following 'interpersonal relationship', 'stress management', 'health responsibility' and 'spiritual growth' and the lowest degree of performance was 'physical activity'. 2) Elderly people living in urban area had significantly higher the total HPLP score than elderly people living in rural area The urban elderly had significantly higher the score of HPLP subscales such as 'physical activity', 'interpersonal relationship' and stress management than rural elderly. 3) The mean score of perceived health status was 8.79. There was no significant difference in the perceived health status between urban and rural elderly. Conclusions: The above findings indicate that it is necessary to develop a health promotion program with reinforced physical activity, health responsibility and spiritual growth for elderly people in Korea. Especially the physical activity need to he strengthened for rural elderly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2004.03b
• /
• pp.930-937
• /
• 2004

In tunnel blasting, rock damage and overbreak at excavation limits are strongly related to stability of the tunnel and cost for rock support, and also affect to maintenance after tunnel construction. In this study, many field tests and measurements have been carried out in highway tunnels so that discordance between blast design and practical production blasting could be settled and actual methods of over break control could be proposed through the understanding of the problems in existing blasting patterns. Test blasting in tunnel was carried out many times in two tunnel sites. Also, long hole blasting longer than existing blasting pattern was executed for good grade of rock mass whose RMR value is more than 60. Using the results of test blasting, new standard blasting patterns for two lane tunnel were proposed. As a result of profile measurement after blasting, drilling is a major factor of overbreak. And then the methods for minimizing overbreak were adapted in new blasting patterns.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2017

Objectives Facial features can be utilized as an indicator of Korean medical diagnosis. They are often measured by using the diagnostic device for an objective diagnosis. Accordingly, it is necessary to verify the reliability of the features which are obtained from the device for the accurate diagnosis. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the repeatability of facial feature variables using the Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool(SCAT) for the Sasang Constitutional face diagnosis. Methods Facial pictures of two subjects were taken 24 times respectively for two days according to a standard guideline. In order to evaluate the repeatability, the coefficient of variation was calculated for the facial features extracted from frontal and profile images. Results The coefficient of variation was less than 10% in most of the facial features except the upper lip, trichion, and chins related features. Conclusions It was confirmed that the coefficient of variation was small in most of the features which enables the objective and reliable analysis of face. However, some features showed the low reliability because the location of facial landmarks related to them is ambiguous. In order to solve the problem, a clear basis for the location discussion is required.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2003

Purpose: This study was to investigate the needs for developing a health promotion program for the elderly, and to compare the health promoting behaviors and perceived health status between high and low income elderly. Method: The data were collected from 80 high) income elderly and 84 low income elderly through face to face interviews. The instruments used in) this study were the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) and Perceived Health Status. Results: 1) The total score of the HPLP for the elderly was 2.29. In the subscales, the highest degree of performance' nutrition', following 'stress management', 'spiritual growth' and 'health responsibility' and the lowest degree of performance was 'physical activity'. 2) The high income level elderly had significantly higher total HPLP scores than the low income level elderly. The biggest difference was found in 'physical activity' between high) and low) income elderly. 3) The mean score of perceived health status was 8.21. The high) income elderly had significantly higher perceived health status than the low income elderly. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that it is necessary to develop a health promotion program with reinforced physical activity, health responsibility for the elderly in Korea. In particular physical activity need to be increased for the low income elderly. The low income elderly need to have positive thinking for perceived health status.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2002

In a physically realistic but simplified manner, an attempt is made in this study to develop a predictive model for swash hydrodynamics across the shore due to the storm waves on an arbitrary beach profile. Date from the SUPERTANK laboratory Data Collection Project are used for the model development, in which experiments were designed to simulate dune erosion under storm conditions at a prototype scale. The model predicts variations of swash height, velocity and period across the beach face in a swash zone. In general, the model proves to be capable of predicting variations of swash height, velocity and period across the shore. Quantitatively better predictions for the swash parameters could be achieved by improving the prediction of the beach face elevation, ymax, where the significant swash height becomes zero.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.80-89
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To identify relationships among lifestyle, psychological distress, and reproductive health in female university students. Methods: We used a descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 275 subjects were enrolled. Subjects agreed to undergo a face-to-face interview, including administration of structured questionnaires to determine health promotion lifestyle profile II (HPLP-II), depression anxiety stress scale for depression and anxiety (DASS-D, DASS-A), and reproductive health (knowledge, attitude, behavior, menstruation irregularity, dysmenorrhea, and gynecologic symptoms). Results: The mean age of subjects was 21.2 years. Those with low HPLP-II score showed significantly high menstruation irregularity. Those with high depression and anxiety had significantly high reproductive symptoms. In addition, high HPLP-II score was correlated with low depression, anxiety, and high reproductive health. Conclusion: The life style of female university students is associated with depression, anxiety, and reproductive health. To improve female university students' reproductive health, life style interventions including healthy nutritional habit, physical activity, and stress management are important.