• 한국인구학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2007

본 연구는 유임금 노동, 자원봉사, 손자녀 양육과 같은 대표적인 생산적 활동에 참여하는 여성 노인을 대상으로 생산적 활동과 이에 대한 가족의 지지가 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 실시되었다. 상기한 활동별로 각 100명씩 총 300명을 면접 조사하였는데, 이 중 자원봉사자의 심리적 안녕감이 가장 높았으며, 활동시 가족으로부터 받는 지지는 손자녀를 돌보는 노인이 가장 많았다. 또한 이들의 안녕감을 설명하는 변인을 유형별로 살펴보면 유임금 노동을 하는 여성 노인의 경우 교육 수준이 높을수록, 활동에 대한 금전적인 보상이 적을수록, 심리적 안녕감이 높았다. 자원봉사를 하는 여성 노인은 활동에 대한 만족도가 높을수록, 활동에 대해 가족으로부터 도구적 지지를 많이 받을수록, 안녕감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 손자녀를 양육하는 여성 노인은 배우자가 있는 경우, 총가계소득이 높을수록, 활동에 대한 금전적인 보상이 많을수록, 가족으로부터 활동에 대한 정서적 도구적 지지를 많이 받을수록, 심리적 안념감이 높았다. 본 연구는 여성 노인을 생산적 활동의 주체로서 조명한다. 그리고 이들이 행하는 생산적 활동들을 종합, 비교하여 살펴보았으며, 이를 통해 여성 노인의 심리적 안녕감을 고양할 수 있는 토대를 마련하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2013

디지털 경제를 맞이하여 대부분 자산을 부동산에 투자하고 있어 향후 부동산 가격에 많은 관심을 보이고 있다. 다양한 변수들이 주택 등 부동산 시장에 영향을 미치고 있다. 그 중 대표적으로 세대주와 생산가능인구, 금리, 주가지수 등 4가지 변수들을 선정하여 어느 변수가 서울아파트 가격에 얼마나 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 실증적으로 서울아파트가격의 결정모형을 구축하는데 목적이 있다. 분석결과 주가지수만 서울아파트와 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 세대주나 생산가능인구는 기존의 연구처럼 서울아파트와 방향성은 동일하지만 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 독립변수 중에서 서울아파트 가격의 결정요인으로 주가지수만 주요 변수로 선정되었다. 본 연구결과 향후 주택 등 부동산시장의 예측하기 위해서는 주식시장의 전망이 선행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-88
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• 1986

The purpose of the present study is to find out and analyze the degree of population concentration of 10 selected cities. The data used for the present study were derived from the Government publications including the population and Housing Census Reports from 1966 through 1980 and the Korea Urbanic Yearbooks from 1969 through 1981. The major findings of the study were summarized as follows: The data revealed that changes of population size were more rapidly proceeded in Seoul than any other city and regarding to population composition, these selected cities had more male population than female population. The proportion of the productive age group of these selected cities were found to be higher than that of whole country each year, especially the proportion 20∼24 aged group was higher in 1980 than any other year. The number of net migrants in these cities during last 20 years, 1960∼80 was 910, 656 as Seoul obtained the largest net migrants and among the selected cities, Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Daejeon and Jeonju had a big change in volume of net migration population, especially in 30∼39 aged group in 1980. According to Gini Concentration Ratio and Index of Concentration, the population concentration was the highest in 1980 and the population concentration was intensively accelerated during 1966∼ 1970.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2004

This paper investigated the characteristics of population structure and the determinants of population movement in the south west area of Kyonggi-do by grouping 9 cities in 3 categories and using Panel data of $1995{\sim}2001$. The major findings of this paper were identified as follows : 1) The population structure of regions was different to the stages of urbanization. The ratio of child and elder dependency was high in the rural regions and low in the urbanized regions. It was due to the movement of economically active population of $20{\sim}40$ aged groups, from rural regions to urban regions. This means that more productive segments of the rural population leave the country to the city. In addition. The ratio of male to female was higher in $20{\sim}40$ aged groups for rural regions. This suggested that young females moved from rural regions to urban regions more than young males in the process of industrialization. 2) Based in pooling regression, income was the most significant determinant that could explain the inter-regional and intra-regional movement of population for south west area studied, The next one was educational opportunity variable. The coefficients of income and education were 0.5, 0,7 for intra-regional migration and 0.01, 0.02 for interregional migration indicating that Todaro's hypothesis could be tested well rather than Tiebout' model for this area.

• 한국인구학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-65
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• 1985

Three stages of population growth during last forty years affected differently to the labor force and employment in Korea. The first impact of rapid population growth on the labor force occured after the end of World War II. Sudden growth of population due to repartriation and refugees directly increased the labor force. Deteriorating labor market conditions were caused not only by the explosive labor supply but also by the shortage of employment opportunities due to a lack of productive facilities. This severe excess supply of labor continued until the early 196Os. Population growth in the second stage which caused by high fertility during the post Korean War baby boom period induced an eventual increase in the labor supply with time lag of more than fifteen years. Younger persons born during baby boom period were flooded the labor market. Fortunately, job opportunities were expanded more rapidly than the labor force supply because high rates of economic growth and speedy industrialization were continued until the later half of 1970s. Unemployment, therefore, decreased dramatically during this period. The effect of third stage which is characterized as mitigated population growth due to birth control has appeared in the labor market since late 1970s. The growth rate of labor force has been going down and the proportion of younger workers was also been decreasing. From the early 1980s, furthermore, partial disharmony between supply of and demand for the younger workers is closing up. Less educated younger workers who works at low wage are lacking while more educated youngers who want to work at high wage are being excess, because a lot of younger prefer higher education rather than productive job. It is expected that the structural inharmony will be diversified in the future in Korea. The labor force will be changed to middleaged, highly educated and womenized till year 2000, and, after then, to old-aged. On the demand side, industries and jobs will transferred to be labor-saving and soft. These structural changes of labor supply and demand will not matching in time. Aggregate supply of labor force will be steadily increasing more rapidly than aggregate demand for labor until year 2000, and this trend will continue to the first one or two decades of the 2lth century because the persons born dufing the baby boom pariod are being eligible couples in recent. Therefore, conclusion is that appropriate manpower development policy as well as sustained birth control policy is necessary for harmonizing the structural unbalance and the disequilibrium between aggregate labor supply and demand in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2001

In this study, the Italian milk recorded buffalo population from 1974 to 1996 was analysed with the purpose to estimate genetic and environmental variability and provide genetic parameters for the most important economic traits. High variability between herds was evident due to the poor knowledge of feeding requirements and husbandry technology in this species compared to cattle. Age at first calving was reduced by 57 days during the considered years following efforts made in better feeding and management from 1990; on the contrary, calving interval has increased by 17 days as a consequence of forcing buffaloes to calve in spring, in order to have the peak milk yield when milk is much better paid. Average milk yield increased by 1853 kg during these years, while lactation duration was reduced by 30 days. Season of calving has no effect on all traits. Calving order has a positive effect on milk yield especially because older cows produce more milk in shorter lactations. Heritability for the age at first calving and calving interval was 0.26 and 0.05 respectively. Heritability of productive traits, milk yield and duration of the lactation was 0.19 and 0.13 respectively, with repeatabilities of 0.40 and 0.26. Genetic trend for milk yield was 2.1 kg milk/year for the bulls and 1 kg for all population. The high genetic variability of milk production as well as duration of the lactation, indicates that there are good opportunities for genetic improvement when including these traits in a selection scheme. The low genetic trend registered over 15 years of recording activity can be explained by the fact that neither progeny testing was performed or selection schemes were implemented, due to the difficulties to use artificial insemination in buffalo.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the genetic structure and characteristics of the Angus cattle population in Hungary. The survey was performed with the assistance of the Hungarian Hereford, Angus, Galloway Association (HHAGA). Methods: Genetic parameters of 1,369 animals from 16 Angus herds were analyzed using the genotyping results of 12 microsatellite markers with the aid of PowerMarker, Genalex, GDA-NT2021, and STRUCTURE software. Genotyping of DNA was performed using an automated genetic analyzer. Based on pairwise identity by state values of animals, the Python networkx 2.3 library was used for network analysis of the breed and to identify the central animals. Results: The observed numbers of alleles on the 12 loci under investigation ranged from 11 to 18. The average effective number of alleles was 3.201. The overall expected heterozygosity was 0.659 and the observed heterozygosity was 0.710. Four groups were detected among the 16 Angus herds. The breeders' information validated the grouping results and facilitated the comparison of birth weight, age at first calving, number of calves born and productive lifespan data between the four groups, revealing significant differences. We identified the central animals/herd of the Angus population in Hungary. The match of our group descriptions with the phenotypic data provided by the breeders further underscores the value of cooperation between breeders and researchers. Conclusion: The observation that significant differences in the measured traits occurred among the identified groups paves the way to further enhancement of breeding efficiency. Our findings have the potential to aid the development of new breeding strategies and help breeders keep the Angus populations in Hungary under genetic supervision. Based on our results the efficient use of an upcoming genomic selection can, in some cases, significantly improve birth weight, age at first calving, number of calves born and the productive lifespan of animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1222-1228
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• 2016

The objective of this research was to estimate genetic parameters and trends for length of productive life (LPL), lifetime number of piglets born alive (LBA), lifetime number of piglets weaned (LPW), lifetime litter birth weight (LBW), and lifetime litter weaning weight (LWW) in a commercial swine farm in Northern Thailand. Data were gathered during a 24-year period from July 1989 to August 2013. A total of 3,109 phenotypic records from 2,271 Landrace (L) and 838 Yorkshire sows (Y) were analyzed. Variance and covariance components, heritabilities and correlations were estimated using an Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AIREML) procedure. The 5-trait animal model contained the fixed effects of first farrowing year-season, breed group, and age at first farrowing. Random effects were sow and residual. Estimates of heritabilities were medium for all five traits ($0.17{\pm}0.04$ for LPL and LBA to $0.20{\pm}0.04$ for LPW). Genetic correlations among these traits were high, positive, and favorable (p<0.05), ranging from $0.93{\pm}0.02$ (LPL-LWW) to $0.99{\pm}0.02$ (LPL-LPW). Sow genetic trends were non-significant for LPL and all lifetime production traits. Sire genetic trends were negative and significant for LPL ($-2.54{\pm}0.65d/yr$; p = 0.0007), LBA ($-0.12{\pm}0.04piglets/yr$; p = 0.0073), LPW ($-0.14{\pm}0.04piglets/yr$; p = 0.0037), LBW ($-0.13{\pm}0.06kg/yr$; p = 0.0487), and LWW ($-0.69{\pm}0.31kg/yr$; p = 0.0365). Dam genetic trends were positive, small and significant for all traits ($1.04{\pm}0.42d/yr$ for LPL, p = 0.0217; $0.16{\pm}0.03piglets/yr$ for LBA, p<0.0001; $0.12{\pm}0.03piglets/yr$ for LPW, p = 0.0002; $0.29{\pm}0.04kg/yr$ for LBW, p<0.0001 and $1.23{\pm}0.19kg/yr$ for LWW, p<0.0001). Thus, the selection program in this commercial herd managed to improve both LPL and lifetime productive traits in sires and dams. It was ineffective to improve LPL and lifetime productive traits in sows.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1993

저자들은 일본국내의 종빈돈장에 대한 능력을 관찰코저 시도하여 1990년 1월부터 12월까지사이에 신내천현의 현대식 종빈돈장 일부를 연구대상으로 하여 조사하고, 그 결과를 수의임상통계학적으로 분석, 다음과 같이 적요 한다. 전산화시설에 의한 분석에서, 월평균 종빈돈의 출산은 355이었고, 종빈돈의 종부능력은 월평균 28회이었으며, 이유는 20.8일, 시장출하 비육은 18.8 그리고 연간 평균출산은 2.25이었다. 한편 출산후 포유중 사망률은 평균 17.8%이고, 수의임상적 증상을 나타낸 이환율은 0.2% (200 per 100,000)이었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2005

A breeding plan was carried out on four commercial strains of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) 101, 102, 103 and 104 to improve some important traits. Genetic gain or response to selection $({\Delta}G)$, heritability of cocoon shell weight (CSW) and specific combining ability effects were estimated to determine the strains that can be improved. Strain 101 had lowest heritabitity, ${\Delta}G$ and viability. Strain 102 was acceptable in selection response but its viability was low. Therefore these two strains were not suitable for more selection. As a result, only lines 103 and 104 were chosen for further improvement. Intra population selection based on independent culling level method practiced from third to sixth generation for both productive and viability traits simultaneously. While CSW and CW had increasingly enhanced during primary generations, they went slightly up after third generation. According to negative genetic correlation, viability decreased during primary generations, but after third generation that paid attention to balanced development of both productive and viability traits, viability increased so that the pupation rate reached to $91\%$ in 103 and $97\%$ in 104 for last generation $(G_8)$.