• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2024

The agricultural policy of Kim Jong-un's regime inherits the economic reform policy of the Kim Jong-Il period, which expands the autonomy of production and allows the market to dispose of products. The formation of markets represents an important factor in the business environment, as it indicates the establishment of fundamental conditions for management. However, major crops are still mainly managed by the state, and the government implements agricultural policies, such as emphasizing "Juche Farming." This study analyzed the impact of transition economic policies during the Kim Jong-un period on agricultural production using variability. Production variabilities increased for minor grain crops compared to previous years, but those of major grain (rice and maize) and horticultural crops did not change significantly. Even the production quantity of horticultural crops decreased, which is different from previous predicts that the expansion of the North Korean market would increase the consumption power of North Koreans and promote horticultural crop production. This study underscores the imperative for North Korea to develop policies aimed at stabilizing crop yields in the face of production variability. It proposes the establishment of an agricultural early warning system as a feasible solution to enhance agricultural infrastructure and promote inter-Korean cooperation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2014

Assessment of sustainable production on a cropland can help to determine the most proper management practices. In this study, we evaluated the sustainable production on paddy field treated with green manure crops using sustainability index which based on nutrient index, microbiological index, and crop index related to nutrient-supplying capacity. Especially choosing appropriate indicators from a minimum data set (MDS) were used the principal components analysis (SI-2) as well as expert opinion (SI-1) usually used in sustainability index. Six treatments including the two tillage treatments and two green manure crops were investigated as follows; (i) moldrotary + rotary tillage without green manure crop (Con), with (ii) hairy vetch (Con-HV), and (iii) hairy vetch + green barely (Con-HV+GB), (iv) rotary tillage without green manure crop (Rot), with (ii) hairy vetch (Rot-HV), and (iii) hairy vetch + green barly (Rot-HV+GB). Con-HV and Rot-HV in SI-1 were maintained sustainability while Rot-HV and Rot-HV+GB in SI-2. Especially, treatments (Con and Rot) without green manure crops were more unsustainable than with green manure crops because of the low value of microbiological and crop index than with green manure crops. Meanwhile, sustainability indices and grain yield had the high correlation values ($R^2=0.756$ and 0.928 in SI-1 and SI-2, respectively). These results meant that application of green manure crops such as hairy vetch could improve both yield and soil quality in paddy.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.709-715
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• 1996

가막만의 굴양식장 환경용량을 산정하기 위해 생태계 모델을 이용하여 월별 기초생산력을 산정하고 년간 식물플랑크톤의 생산량을 구하여 얼굴로서의 전환계수를 사용하여 굴의 최대 생산 가능량 즉 환경용량을 산정 하였다. 1994년 6월부터 1995년 3월까지 굴양식기간 동안의 가막만 전체에서의 식물플랑크톤 생산량은 181,594 tonC이였고 최대 알굴 생산가능량은 287,033 ton이었고 단위용적당 생산가능량은 $0.29kg/m^3/year$였다. 가막만내에서 굴양식시설이 되어 있는 공간에서의 년간 최대 알굴생산 가능량은 15,443 ton이고 1994년도 실제 알굴생산량은 4,532 ton이므로 굴양식장 환경용량의 약 $29\%$에 해당되었고 1987년도 생산량은 14,592 ton이므로 환경용량의 $95\%$에 해당되었다. 따라서 다른 굴양식장 관리조건만 허용된다면 가막만에는 굴양식시설대수를 증가시키면 생산량이 더 증가할 수 있는 해역으로 평가되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1999

In this study, questionnaire were made to environment-friendly producers of apples regarding farm management methods in low-input production method. utilizing organic materials, production and marketing of apples with lower agricultural chemical residues. Besides, five apples farms were visited to find out their management situation by employing the low-input production method in order to protect the environment as well as consumer's health. Those five low-input apple farms were scattered in Kyungbuk, Chungnam, and Chonnam Provinces, There were not many low-input apple farms across the nation from the beginning and, as a result, increasing the sample size was basically very difficult. Most of these farms were using 140hrs of labor per 10a, of which 30hrs in pre-season management, 25hrs in plowing and weed control, 15hrs in disease and pest control, 20hrs in harvest and marketing and 50hrs in miscellaneous activities. Relatively, pest control takes much time in that they would spray pesticides 7-10 times a season to control the apple disease, 9 times on the average. The average gross revenue of low-input apple farms was about \2,000,000/10a, and their average yield was 2,000kg/10a, which are 25% and 13% lower, respectively, than the ordinary apple production case. This means the low-input farmers are inefficient in marketing their products. On the other hand, their production costs were 20.4% higher than the ordinary apple farms on the average. Since the imported foreign fruits including apples must use various agricultural chemicals on their way to the export markets, the domestic low-input apples have competitive edge over them in therms of food safety. In order to improve the low-input apple industry, active cooperation is needed among the producers, government and researchers more than ever. Among other things, production cost reduction and quality improvement with lower chemical residues are part of the urgent matters to be done.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1483-1496
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• 2001

Small ruminants form an important economic and ecological niche in small farm systems and agriculture. Their current low level of contribution is dismal, and is not commensurate with the potential capacity for higher levels of production. The context for productivity enhancement and increased socio-economic contribution relates to large sizes of small ruminant populations; wide distribution across various agro-ecological zones and production systems; and diversity of breeds, where 66% of all goat and 57% of sheep breeds in Asia are found in China, India and Pakistan. The advantages and disadvantages of small ruminants over larger ruminants are enumerated with reference to adaptation and environment, small size, production systems and products and interactions with the environment. Discussion focuses especially on efficiency of meat production and niche markets for higher-priced goat meat, and inefficient marketing systems given an estimated 40-45% loss of income to farmers presently. Increasing the quantity of meat produced is related to live weight and the total number of animals at Slaughter, which in turn, depend on the total number of offsprings weaned and lifetime productivity. At the national level, priority attention is essential to build up numbers in concerted breeding programmes, selection for efficiency of reproduction and meat production, and improvements to make traditional markets and marketing systems to respond to the changing environmental and consumer preferences. Post-production systems are neglected and improvements are associated with collection, handling, marketing, slaughter facilities and consumer requirements. Potential opportunities to expand and benefit from integrating small ruminants into annual and perennial cropping systems remain largely unexplored. Important development imperatives include choice of species and better use of available breeds, appropriate production systems that match available feed resources, and linkages between production, products and by-products to markets. Affirmative action is necessary, backed by official policy support, institutional commitment and increased resource use, that can target poverty and directly benefit the poor, and shift subsistence production to a more market-oriented opportunity. These efforts together constitute the challenges for both the owners and producers of small ruminants in the immediate future, as also the will to accelerate increased productivity, improve their livelihoods and promote rural growth.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 2002년도 창립10주년기념 심포지엄 발표자료:생물환경 조절 기술의 동향과 전망
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• pp.78-102
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• 2002

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.211-226
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• 2011

본 연구는 효과적인 송이산 관리를 위한 기초자료 확보를 위하여 강원도 양양군을 사례로 송이 생육환경특성을 고려한 소나무비오톱지도 작성을 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구방법은 송이와 관련한 국내 외 관련연구 고찰을 통해 송이 생육환경 특성을 도출하고, 송이 생산지의 식물군집구조와 토양환경을 파악하여 소나무비오톱 지도화 기준을 도출하였다. 지도화 기준은 송이가 발생할 수 있는 중요 요인을 지형 조건과 토양 조건, 식생 조건으로 구분하여 도출하였다. 전체 비오톱유형은 송이생산 가능지, 송이생산 잠재지로 크게 구분하였으며, 송이생산 가능지는 송이생산이 가능한 지형구조 및 토양구조 내 분포하는 소나무 비오톱으로 관목층에 기타 관목성상의 수종이 우점하는 흉고직경 30cm 미만의 단층구조의 소나무 비오톱과 아교목층에 소나무가 우점하는 다층구조의 소나무비오톱이 해당되었다. 송이생산잠재지는 송이생산이 가능한 지형구조 내에 분포하고 있으나 흉고직경 30cm 이상의 노령화된 소나무가 우점하는 단층구조의 소나무비오톱, 아교목층에 참나무류가 우점하는 소나무 비오톱, 관목층에 참나무류가 우점하는 단층구조의 소나무 비오톱 등 식생구조가 부적절한 지역으로 향후 식생관리를 통해 송이 발생 유도가 가능한 지역이었다. 연구결과 소나무비오톱은 송이생산 가능지 6개 유형, 송이생산 잠재지 9개 유형, 송이생산 불가능지 등 총 16개 유형으로 구분되었다. 송이생산 가능지는 전체 소나무림 중 총 $9.8km^2$, 15.48%이었고, 송이생산 잠재지는 $20.52km^2$, 32.42%이었으며, 송이생산 불가능지는 $32.97km^2$, 52.10%이었다.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.124-137
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• 2001

The digitalization of the fashion industry refers to 'the reception of the digital environment by the industry.'Re paper presented 3 conceptual categories of 'technological environment','information environment'and 'business environment'concerning the scope of digitalization, including from the introduction and use of new technical media to new ways of thinking following the paradigm changes. And it demonstratively analyzed digitalization factors and digitalization level of fashion businesses related to the factors by 7 fashion categories. The analytic result and its suggestions are as follows. First, the five digitalization factor of the fashion industry are defined : manufacturing Process automation, computer systemization, information networking, e-business, and small batch production. Second the digitalization degree of fashion firms decreases in the order of information networking, small batch Production, manufacturing Process automation, computer systemization, and e-business, with information networking on the top and e-business, recent focal point of interest, at the bottom. Third, as for the digitalization of each clothing category, men's formal dress and unisex display the highest level of the general digitalization.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.406-409
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• 2005

Since 2003, Korean government has restricted landfill application of organic waste, which shares approximately 56% of total waste sludge from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. In addition, enforcement of the ocean disposal prohibition law is effective from 2005. Organic sludge was composted for the purpose of converting to organic fertilizer. After moisture content was regulated with bulking agents aerobic treatment performed. When composting was conducted, commercial and activated microbe materials, identified from soil were seeded in sewage sludge. Carbon dioxide production was increased sharply after 24 hours. Temperature and pH of compost reached to $66.2^{\circ}C$ and 8. Heavy metals were lower than their regulatory limits, which enable it to utilize as organic fertilizer.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.337-353
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to analyze the DEA efficiency of the environment-friendly agricultural districts and zones. There are political inefficiency in districts and zones with 45.3% and 85.0%. It mainly results from scale efficiency than pure technical efficiency. There are 10 efficient zones, while 34 decreasing return to scale ones. Meanwhile, districts mostly have increasing return to scale with 97.9%. The results of this study is meaningful to re-construct the project based on the environment-friendly agricultural production.