• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Construction management has been suffering from many problems, which need to be solved or better understood. Most of construction projects have not achieved efficiency as expected. In this context, waste was also considered as a problem of efficiency decrease, and poor production planning was considered as a cause for waste. This study was conducted on the basis of waste concepts and production planning processes based on the philosophies of Lean Construction. A survey to find out the relationship between them was carried out through questionnaire, which was answered by experienced people in construction projects. The results have shown that frequency of wastes occurrence is quite high, and production planning processes are superficially performed in construction phase. There is a significant negative relationship between production planning and waste occurrence (r = -0.262). Weekly Work Plan (WWP) is the most dominant plan for waste control with seventeen in total of nineteen waste factors, and phase plan is the most dominant plan for two remaining waste factors. A case study was adopted to validate the relationship between production planning and waste occurrence. The results showed that the better the project was planned, the fewer the waste would occur on construction sites.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-128
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• 2004

In English, a focused word with new information receives a pitch accent. This paper examines how English native speakers and Korean speakers produce and perceive focus in English yes-no questions. The production experiments show that native speakers realize an appropriate intonation of yes-no questions, in which a focused word has a low pitch accent followed by a high phrasal accent and a high boundary tone. However, Korean speakers usually give a high tone to a focused word. In a like manner, the perception experiments show that English native speakers judge a word with a low tone to be focused, while Korean speakers have difficulty in comprehending a focused word realized as a low tone. And it is found that Korean speakers tend to perceive low tones on sentence initial and final focused words better than those on sentence medial focused words, and they often perceive a word with a relatively high fundamental frequency or a sharp rise of fundamental frequency as a focused word. This paper shows that Korean speakers have trouble to produce and perceive an appropriate tonal pattern of a focused yes-no question, and that can cause confusion in a conversation with native speakers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.130-137
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• 2008

If we may practice the nutrition education planned on the basis which carefully grasped the inappropriate behavioral determinants of middle-school students, it might be an effective method achieving the change in perception and behavior improving the distorted perception about the ideal body shape, so we are to suggest the 8 week program of body shape perception improvement for successful nutrition education as follows. The body shape perception improvement program is a step-by-step group consulting program. At the introduction stage, we let them understand the meaning of true beauty and body change of teenage period and forming of sexual identity. At the stage of perception conversion, we let them have the opportunity to observe the status of body perception of the teenager and self-observation. At the stage of correction, we let them criticize the distorted body image in the society with mass media at the same time with the self-reflection. At the stage of maintenance and evaluation, we suggested the behavior guidance while preparing it. Setting this as the basis, we applied the contents such as the evaluations through cultural sharing events making somethings while directly participating. As the target groups to practice education were middle school students, we considered the learning level and behavioral features of the middle school students, and composed the programs including the methods such as role play, watching real things, media production, discussions and experiences. If the program of body shape perception improvement developed at this study could be utilized at the field of schools, the teenagers can change their ways of thought naturally avoiding the view about unified appearance rightly perceiving negative self-image that the teenagers can have and if the group consulting can be practiced regularly at each school, many students may experience the change in perception, so it might solicit the improvement of health of the families and local societies as well as that of the individual student.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2006

This study explores the effects of a television program on viewers' perception of vinegar. The 97 viewers were recruited from both students majoring in Food $(13.3\%)$ and those in non-Food subjects $(86.7\%)$. In this study the participants ($31.1\%$ males and $68.9\%$ females) were exposed to a 30 minute television program on vinegar. The students were surveyed to quantitatively test the effects of the television program on a viewer's perception. The results suggest that there is a correlation between viewing this television program and changes in perceptions of vinegar. The pre-test shows that $80.0\%$ of the participants had a minimum knowledge about vinegar and $16.7\%$ of the participants had no knowledge about vinegar. Only $3.3\%$ of the participants had a sufficient knowledge about vinegar before viewing the television program. After viewing the television program on vinegar, $80.0\%$ of the participants responded that the program 'highly influenced change' in their perception of vinegar and $20.0\%$ of the participants responded that the program gave them 'moderate effects on the perception change' while $0.0\%$ of the participants answered that there was 'no change' in their perception of vinegar. While there was no significant difference found among students' prior knowledge about vinegar in terms of gender and academic major, the study found the television program viewing experience made a great impact on their perception of vinegar. This research suggests that this television program about vinegar does not only influence the viewers' perception of vinegar but also creates an overall change in perception of purchase intention, practical uses of vinegar, and vinegar-drinking.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.366-377
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• 2013

We examined the nutritive value of common grass species in the semi-arid rangelands of Borana in southern Ethiopia using local experience based herbage preference (LEBHP) perception and laboratory techniques. Local pastoralists in the study area were asked to identify common grass species and rank them according to the species' preferences and palatability to cattle. The pastoralists listed a total of 15 common grass species which were then sampled during the main rain and cold dry seasons and analyzed for crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and ash content to verify pastoralists' claim regarding the quality of individual species. The relative feed value (RFV) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were also calculated using NDF and ADF contents. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine possible relationships between laboratory results and pastoralists' experience on grass quality. Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Digitaria milanjiana, Eragrostis papposa and Panicum maximum were the top five species based on LEBHP perception. There were indications of inconsistency in terms of LEBHP perception among the different pastoral communities. The chemical composition of all grass species showed significant (p<0.05) variation between sites, seasons and species. The results showed that the CP values for the Borana rangelands were in the range of 8.7% in the main rain season to 5.1% for the cold dry season. The fiber constituents were relatively low in the main rain season compared to the cold dry season. Overall, Digitaria milanjiana had the highest CP (16.5%) content, while the least was recorded with Heteropogon contortus (10.8) and Aristida adoensis (9.8%) during the main rain season. It seems that the spatial variability of landscapes within the wider geographical regions, soil properties and texture, and land-use patterns probably contributed to site differences in species quality. Generally, the RFV of individual grass species was significantly (p<0.05) varied between and within sites. The ranking of species by pastoralists according to their preferences by cattle was highly correlated with the chemical composition of laboratory results of individual grass species with 'r' values for CP (0.94), ash (0.95), NDF (-0.98), ADF (-0.93) and ADL (-0.93). We suggest the complimentary use of LEBHP and laboratory techniques in evaluating the nutritive quality of rangeland forage species for sustainable animal production.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1274-1284
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• 2023

Objective: Understanding consumer perception of meat quality in developing countries is an important issue since consumer perception of quality could be highly variable. In the current study, consumers' purchasing preferences affected by marbling and perception of quality were evaluated in a survey study. Furthermore, consumers' preferences for degree of doneness were investigated using both survey and consumer panel studies. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases. Firstly, a survey was conducted in Adana Province, Turkey to collect data related to the attributes affecting consumers' meat purchase decision and consumers' degree of doneness preferences. In the second phase, boneless ribeye was used to investigate consumers' degree of doneness preferences in a consumer panel. In addition, proximate analyses of the samples were conducted. Results: The survey study using pictures of marbling illustrations indicated that higher degrees of marbling might be considered too fatty to be purchased by consumers. Consumers' perceptions regarding the relationship between marbling and beef quality further indicated that marbling might not be acknowledged as a cue of a higher quality meat. Nevertheless, the results of the importance of some attributes related to intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues showed that consumers were looking for the cues that indicated not only quality but also safety of the meat during meat purchase. The results of both survey and consumer panel studies revealed that consumers might prefer higher degrees of doneness while consuming meat since a majority of the consumers' preference of degree of doneness was at least well done. Conclusion: This study revealed that consumer purchasing preferences might vary between countries regarding marbling and perception of quality. Furthermore, higher degrees of doneness could be the preference of these consumers. Thus, further studies are needed to increase consumer satisfaction in these countries.

• Language and Information
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.105-121
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• 2002

This paper investigates the effect of semantic argument structure on the comprehension and production of sentences by observing the prosodic realizations of English secondary predications. Specifically, the goal of this study is to show how the theory of predication, argument structure, and focus semantically interact to account for similarities and differences between English resultative and depictive predications. To address this issue, production and comprehension tests were performed. In the fried focus domain (verb phrase), subjects were asked to utter and to comprehend ambiguous sentences in the context monologues. The experimental results were generally consistent with general linguistic analyses: In the resultative constructions, secondary subject NPs tend to be accented, as in other argument-head constructions, while in the depictive constructions, secondary predicates tend to have accents, as in other adjunct-head constructions.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.493-500
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• 2018

The distribution of standing wreaths has reached about 7.1 million per year and the size of the standing wreath market is estimated to be at least 700 billion won. Among them, 20 to 30 percent are estimated to be reused, resulting in damage to flowerfarms' sales of 110 to 160 billion won per year. Due to the unique characteristics of conventional 3-tier standing wreaths in terms of transportation and installation, companies that lack design expertise have monopolized local distribution markets, and the issue of illegally using standing wreaths has been raised. These issues have highlighted the need for developing new designs and establishing a distribution system to expand the consumption of flowers. This study was carried out to identify consumers' perception of reused standing wreaths and the current systems introduced to prevent the distribution of reused standing wreaths such as the real-name standing wreath production system, the authenticity certificate system, and new standing wreaths. The results of a consumer survey showed that consumers' perception of reused standing wreaths has been high and that reused standing wreaths need to be actively regulated to establish fair trade order and protect consumers' rights. Although the effectiveness of the real-name system, the authenticity certificate system, and new standing wreaths was found to be insufficient, the introduction of these systems was essential and necessary for continuous promotion through broadcasting media.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2007

The aims of this study were to examine the acoustic features of Korean and Japanese vowels, and to determine whether new phones that do not have counterparts in Japanese or similar phones that have counterparts improve more from learning. This study consisted of three parts. In Experiment I, a speech production test was performed to observe the acoustic features of Korean and Japanese vowels. In Experiment II, the speech production of Korean vowels produced by Koreans, advanced Japanese learners of Korean, and beginning Japanese learners of Korean was investigated. In Experiment III, a speech perception study of Korean vowels produced by the two Japanese learner groups was conducted to observe the effect of learning on acquiring L2 phones. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the similar phones produced by Japanese show more similarity with those of Koreans than new phones in terms of F1 and F2, but Japanese learners of Korean displayed more improvement in new phones from learning.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.197-205
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• 2010

For the spatial experience of spectators visiting a museum, the route search of trying to follow the spatial structure or production of exhibition and the information search of trying to see are accomplished at the same time. In such process, the spectator's reaction of visual perception produces the result of emotional reaction and action exchanged between human and space by going through the recognition and perception on the target of environment factor. For the spatial experience of a spectator, the reaction of visual perception which interacts according to the exhibit and exhibition environment within space according to viewing purpose, interest and concern of spectator comes out as visual activity which is an activity to understand the spatial information shown as various activities according to spatial structure and unfolding characteristics of the display. The purpose of this study is to identify The Correlation of Spectator Movement Created According to Structural Form of Exhibition Area Based on Interaction between Exhibition Area Structure and Spectator to utilize as basic material while designing museum exhibition using isovist field which is a quantitative analysis tool of spectator's visual behavior and spatial structure at each exhibition area.